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51.
Gabriel S. Lopes Camila Righetto Cassano Laila Santim Mureb Flavia Regina Miranda Ariovaldo P. Cruz-Neto Gastón Andrés Fernandez Giné 《Austral ecology》2023,48(7):1344-1360
Changes in ambient temperature and solar radiation may affect sloths' metabolic rate and body temperature, with consequent changes in activities, postures and microhabitat selection. Although the separate effect of temperature and solar radiation on sloth's behaviour have been previously studied, the combined effect of these climatic factors on behavioural aspects of sloths has never been systematically evaluated in field conditions. Here we evaluated the influence of hourly ambient temperature variation on maned sloth (Bradypus torquatus) activities, postures and tree crown positions, under sunny and cloudy conditions; and tested if any of the animal posture and position increase their exposure to human detection. We performed 350 h of visual observation on eight maned sloths, equipped with radio-backpacks, in northern Bahia, Brazil, recording their activities, and their resting postures and positions on tree crowns. We also recorded the time taken to visualize the sloths on 58 days to analyse if sloths' detection is affected by posture and position. Higher ambient temperature, within a range of 21–33°C, increased the sloths' activity levels in cloudy conditions but reduced their activity in sunny conditions. Increasing ambient temperature also reduced the frequency of huddled posture and increased the frequency of extended posture and permanence in the inner tree crown. Lastly, the postures and positions did not influence sloths' detectability. Thus, the direction of the temperature–activity relationship depends on climatic conditions (sunny/cloudy), and individuals rely on resting postures and positions to thermoregulate. The warmer and drier future climate, expected to occur in the northern Atlantic Forest, may impose change in the diurnal activity levels and postural pattern for this threatened species, leading maned sloths to reduce its activity on sunny and warmer days and adopting an extended posture. 相似文献
52.
Adrian Bogdan Tigu Catalin Sorin Constantinescu Patric Teodorescu David Kegyes Raluca Munteanu Richard Feder Mareike Peters Ioana Pralea Cristina Iuga Diana Cenariu Andra Marcu Alina Tanase Anca Colita Rares Drula Jon Thor Bergthorsson Victor Greiff Delia Dima Cristina Selicean Ioana Rus Mihnea Zdrenghea Diana Gulei Gabriel Ghiaur Ciprian Tomuleasa 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2023,27(19):2864-2875
Acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (AMkL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) representing 5% of all reported cases, and frequently diagnosed in children with Down syndrome. Patients diagnosed with AMkL have low overall survival and have poor outcome to treatment, thus novel therapies such as CAR T cell therapy could represent an alternative in treating AMkL. We investigated the effect of a new CAR T cell which targets CD41, a specific surface antigen for M7-AMkL, against an in vitro model for AMkL, DAMI Luc2 cell line. The performed flow cytometry evaluation highlighted a percentage of 93.8% CAR T cells eGFP-positive and a limited acute effect on lowering the target cell population. However, the interaction between effector and target (E:T) cells, at a low ratio, lowered the cell membrane integrity, and reduced the M7-AMkL cell population after 24 h of co-culture, while the cytotoxic effect was not significant in groups with higher E:T ratio. Our findings suggest that the anti-CD41 CAR T cells are efficient for a limited time spawn and the cytotoxic effect is visible in all experimental groups with low E:T ratio. 相似文献
53.
Daniele Dendi Gabriel H. Segniagbeto Roger Meek Luca Luiselli 《African Journal of Ecology》2023,61(1):226-227
Rainbow lizards (Agama agama) are common in suburban areas throughout Africa, and have an opportunistic foraging strategy, with arthropods being the main prey source. In a coastal resort in southern Togo, West Africa, several individuals in a population were observed while feeding regularly upon non-natural human-made food (pizza) and showing a clear preference for a given type of food versus others that were offered (‘four cheeses’ being the preferred one). The fact that all monitored individuals fed upon a same type of pizza suggests that they may have some chemical cues attracting them. 相似文献
54.
Claudia A. Zacharias Gabriel Manrique Sebastián A. Minoli 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2023,37(1):76-85
Triatomines display most of their activities during the night. Before sunrise, they search, select and occupy adequate shelters to stay during the photophase, avoiding exposure to diurnal predators. In this work, we first explored the interactions between individuals of the same or different species in the shelter selection process of Triatoma infestans (Klug 1834) and Rhodnius prolixus (Stål 1859). When two groups of insects (either of different nutritional status, nymphal instar or species) were released together over an experimental arena containing two identical shelters, all nymphs were distributed randomly, suggesting the absence of intra- and inters-pecific interactions. Secondly, we analysed their preferences for particular features of shelters by releasing one group of insects (either T. infestans or R. prolixus) over an arena containing two different refuges. Nymphs exhibited preferences for darker shelters with a vertical orientation of its substrate and elevated from the ground, highlighting the importance of such features in a shelter selection context. We conclude that these species disregard the presence of other individuals but evaluate certain characteristics of the shelters to choose them. This information may contribute to understanding the colonization/recolonization dynamic processes of these Chagas disease vectors. 相似文献
55.
EVIDENCE OF DIFFERENCES IN THE DESOXYRIBONUCLEOPROTEIN COMPLEX OF RAPIDLY PROLIFERATING AND NON-DIVIDING CELLS 总被引:4,自引:7,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
1. Quantitative cytophotometric analysis of the interphase cells of a rapidly proliferating differentiated tissue such as liver of new born rat, indicates that these cells can be separated into two groups on the basis of their staining characteristics after methanol fixation. 2. These groups are thought to correspond to two stages of interphase. The first, called "autosynthetic interphase," comprises cells which are duplicating chromosomal material in preparation for mitosis, and shows parallel increases in the methyl green and Feulgen staining of DNA and the fast green staining of histone from the diploid (2 C) to double these values (4 C). 3. The second group is designated the "heterosynthetic interphase," during which the cell ceases proliferating and functions in a manner commensurate with its state of differentiation. In this stage Feulgen staining indicates the diploid chromosomal complement, but there is a decreased capacity of the DNA to bind methyl green and of the histone to bind fast green. 4. The difference between the methyl green binding of the heterosynthetic and autosynthetic 2 C cells is due to the presence of a protein in the former which presumably inhibits staining by competing with the dye for binding sites on the DNA. The effect of this inhibition can be removed by extracting the protein, or by blocking the protein basic groups. 5. The decreased fast green staining of histone in the heterosynthetic cells can be minimized by prolonged fixation with formaldehyde. It is thought to stem either from a similar type of inhibition, or from an increased susceptibility of the histone to loss from the cell during this stage. 6. While histone inhibits methyl green staining of DNA in all cells, the differences between the staining properties of the autosynthetic and heterosynthetic interphase cells are believed to be due to another protein, whose properties appear similar to those of the chromosomal "residual protein." It is concluded that a complex of DNA and residual protein existing during the heterosynthetic interphase is dissociated during the autosynthetic interphase. 相似文献
56.
Escherichia coli Heat Shock Protein DnaK: Production and Consequences in Terms of Monitoring Cooking 下载免费PDF全文
Karine Seyer Martin Lessard Gabriel Piette Monique Lacroix Linda Saucier 《Applied microbiology》2003,69(6):3231-3237
Through use of commercially available DnaK proteins and anti-DnaK monoclonal antibodies, a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to quantify this heat shock protein in Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 subjected to various heating regimens. For a given process lethality (F7010 of 1, 3, and 5 min), the intracellular concentration of DnaK in E. coli varied with the heating temperature (50 or 55°C). In fact, the highest DnaK concentrations were found after treatments at the lower temperature (50°C) applied for a longer time. Residual DnaK after heating was found to be necessary for cell recovery, and additional DnaK was produced during the recovery process. Overall, higher intracellular concentrations of DnaK tended to enhance cell resistance to a subsequent lethal stress. Indeed, E. coli cells that had undergone a sublethal heat shock (105 min at 55°C, F7010 = 3 min) accompanied by a 12-h recovery (containing 76,786 ± 25,230 molecules/cell) resisted better than exponentially growing cells (38,500 ± 6,056 molecules/cell) when later heated to 60°C for 50 min (F7010 = 5 min). Results reported here suggest that using stress protein to determine cell adaptation and survival, rather than cell counts alone, may lead to more efficient heat treatment. 相似文献
57.
Gejiao Wang Stefano Castiglione Ying Chen Ling Li Yifan Han Yingchuan Tian Dean W. Gabriel Yinong Han Kequiang Mang Francesco Sala 《Transgenic research》1996,5(5):289-301
Insect-resistant poplar (Populus nigra L.) plants have been produced by infecting leaves withAgrobacterium tumefaciens strains carrying a binary vector containing different truncated forms of aBacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) toxin gene under a duplicated CaMV 35S promoter. Putative transgenic plants were propagated by cuttings at two experimental farms (in Beijing and Xinjiang, China). At 2–3 years after transformation, 17 of them were selected on the bases of insect-tolerance and good silvicultural traits, and evaluated for insect resistance, for the presence of theB.t. toxin DNA fragment (Southern blots and PCR) and for the expression of the transgene (western and northern blots). Somaclonal variation, as suggested by the appearance of permanent changes in the shape of the leaves, was also investigated with molecular tools (RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and microsatellite DNA).Bioassays withApochemia cineraius andLymantria dispar on the leaves of the selected clones showed different and, in some cases, high levels of insecticidal activity. The molecular analysis demonstrated integration and expression of the foreign gene. Somatic changes were correlated to extensive genomic changes and were quantified in dendrograms, in terms of genomic similarity. The analysis of control plants suggested that genomic changes were correlated to thein vitro culture step necessary forA. tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer, rather than to the integration of the foreign genes.Three transgenic clones (12, 153 and 192), selected for insect resistance, reduced morphological changes and promising silvicultural traits, are now under large-scale field evaluation in six different provinces in China. 相似文献
58.
Does photorespiration protect the photosynthetic apparatus in french bean leaves from photoinhibition during drought stress? 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Dithiothreitol (DTT), an inhibitor of violaxanthin de-epoxidation and zeaxanthin formation in chloroplasts, inhibited blue-light-stimulated stomatal opening in epidermal peels of Vicia faba L. in a concentration-dependent fashion. Complete inhibition was observed at 3 mM DTT. The DTT effect was specific for the stomatal response to blue light, and the red-light-stimulated opening, which depends on photosynthetic reactions in the guard cells, was unaffected. Preirradiation of stomata in epidermal peels with increasing photon fluence rates of red light, prior to an incubation in 10 mol·m-2·s-1 of blue light and 100 mol·m-2·s-1 red light, resulted in a DTT-sensitive, blue-light-stimulated opening that was proportional to the fluence rate of the red light pre-treatment. Guard cells in epidermal peels and guard-cell protoplasts irradiated with red light showed increases in their zeaxanthin content that depended on the fluence rate of red light, or on the incubation time. The increases in zeaxanthin concentration were inhibited by DTT. The obtained results indicate that zeaxanthin could function as a photoreceptor mediating the stomatal responses to blue light.Abbreviation DTT
dithiothreitol
This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation and the US Department of Energy to E.Z. 相似文献
59.
Laminin and Neuropeptide Y Are Increased by Synapsin Transfection in Cultured NG108-15 Neuroblastoma/Glioma Hybrid Cells 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
† Gabriel Fried Hui Quan Han ‡Björn Meister ‡Tomas Hökfelt Paul Greengard 《Journal of neurochemistry》1995,64(6):2674-2680
Abstract: We have investigated the presence and expression of laminin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in several NG108-15 cell lines transfected with synapsin Ib, IIa, or IIb. The content of laminin, a basal membrane glycoprotein that promotes adhesion and induces neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation, was increased in all transfected cell lines examined. In cells that were chemically differentiated with prostaglandin E1 plus 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, laminin levels were increased even further. The content of NPY, suggested to be a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in peripheral sympathetic neurons as well as in central neurons, was also increased in all transfected cell lines examined. Immunohistochemical analysis combined with confocal laser microscopy showed that NPY staining was granular and very often enriched in neuritic varicosities. The distribution and the staining pattern of NPY were consistent with storage of NPY in large dense-cored vesicles. The results indicate that, in differentiated neurons, the synapsins increase the levels of a neuropeptide transmitter stored in large dense-cored vesicles and of an extracellular matrix protein associated with neuronal maturation. 相似文献
60.
Swim Stress Increases the Potency of Glycine at the N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Complex 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gabriel Nowak †Anna Redmond †Mairead McNamara ‡ Ian A. Paul 《Journal of neurochemistry》1995,64(2):925-927
Abstract: We have previously demonstrated that chronic administration of antidepressants results in a reduction in the potency of glycine to displace 5,7-[3 H]dichlorokynurenic acid (5,7-[3 H]-DCKA) from the strychnine-insensitive glycine recognition site of the NMDA receptor complex. We now report that exposure of rats to the forced swim test results in a 56% increase in the potency of glycine to displace 5,7-[3 H]DCKA from frontal cortical homogenates. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the forced swim test, a preclinical screen sensitive to acute administration of antidepressant drugs and NMDA receptor antagonists, also results in adaptation of the NMDA receptor complex. Moreover, these data lend further support to the hypothesis that glutamatergic pathways are involved in the neurobiological response to stress and, potentially, in the pathophysiology of depression. 相似文献