大(狂鸟)和长耳鸮的部分血液生理生化指标及血细胞的显微结构观察

为了解大（狂鸟）（Buteohemilasius）、长耳鸮（Asiootus）的血象、血液生理生化参数正常值及血细胞的形态特征,为其健康检测和保护提供参考资料,采用纽巴氏法、沙利氏比色法、离心法、瑞士染色等方法检测了大（狂鸟）和长耳鸮的血象,利用全自动血液生物化学分析仪测定了两种鸟的19项血液生化指标,利用生物显微技术对其血细胞进行观察。结果表明：大（狂鸟）的红细胞数量、红细胞压积、红细胞分布宽度、血红蛋白含量、平均血红蛋白浓度、嗜酸性粒细胞数量、淋巴细胞数量、白细胞数量及凝血细胞数量均高于长耳鸮,而其他指标均低于长耳鸮;其中,红细胞平均体积在两种鸟类间存在极显著性差异（P〈0.01）,其他均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。在生理生化检测中,大（狂鸟）的谷草转氨酶、总蛋白含量、白蛋白含量、球蛋白含量、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和葡萄糖含量均高于长耳鸮,且大（狂鸟）的无机离子中的钠和氯离子浓度也高于长耳鸮,而其他指标均低于长耳鸮,其中谷丙转氨酶和肌酐具有极显著性差异（P〈0.01）,尿酸和葡萄糖具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,其他指标均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。大（狂鸟）和长耳鸮的血细胞形态相似。种属不同及生活习性的差异可能是导致这两种鸟类血液生理常值差别及显微结构差异的主要原因,而采样时的机体状况、营养状况及测试操作方法也有一定的影响。     

卵母细胞特异表达φC31整合酶载体pZP3-INT的构建及其在小鼠卵母细胞中的表达

链霉菌噬菌体φC31整合酶是一种位点特异性重组酶(Site-specific recombinase,SSR),可介导链霉菌噬菌体attP位点(Phage attachment site)和链霉菌基因组attB位点(Bacterial attachment site)间的单向重组.为探讨它能否应用于卵母细胞特定基因的重组,文章采用卵巢针刺取卵法采集生发泡(GV)期小鼠卵母细胞,将卵透明带糖蛋白3(ZP3)启动子驱动φC31整合酶表达载体pZP3-INT和检测φC31整合酶位点特异性重组功能的重组质粒载体pBCPB+,通过显微注射导入到小鼠卵母细胞中.培养48 h后,RT-PCR检测φC31整合酶mRNA表达以及PCR检测pBCPB+载体发生重组的情况.结果表明:载体pzP3-INT在卵母细胞中表达φC31整合酶mRNA;并且pBCPB+载体发生了位点特异性重组,提示φC31整合酶在卵母细胞中可以介导位点特异性重组反应.     

烟草甲触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne(Fabricius)成虫触角感器的形态和分布。结果表明,烟草甲成虫触角由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,其中鞭节由9个亚节组成;在触角上共观察到毛形感器、刺形感器、锥形感器Ⅰ、锥形感器Ⅱ、锥形感器Ⅲ、锥形感器Ⅳ、钟形感器、B hm氏鬃毛和球状感器9种感器类型,其中锥形感器Ⅳ、钟形感器、B hm氏鬃毛和球状感器为新发现的烟草甲触角感器。此外,还讨论感器结构与功能的关系。     

草履蚧一龄若虫的发育历期与防治

在郑州通过室外埋卵观察,草履蚧Drosicha corpulenta Kuwana从1月初开始孵化,孵化后在土里等到2月初开始出土,此时日最高气温在6～8℃之间。若虫出土期约30d,2月中下旬为出土高峰期。经设置14,18,22,26和30℃5个温度梯度观察,草履蚧1龄若虫发育起点温度为7.9℃,有效积温为203.8日.度。利用树干绑缚杀虫药带防治效果达到98%以上。     

Male spike strobiles with Gnetum affinity from the Early Cretaceous in western Liaoning, Northeast China

A fossil with Gnetum affinity was found in the Jianshangou Member (Barremian Age) of the Yixian Formation (Lower Cretaceous Epoch) of the Jehol Group in western Liaoning, northeastern China. The single fossil specimen is represented by both elongate-cylindrical male spike strobiles which borne within a nodal bract of cauliflorous branch. The spike strobiles have apparent nodes, invisible internodes, and numerous verticillate involucral collars. The microsporangiate units within involucral collars are not seen. The male spike strobiles with verticillate involucral collars occur exclusively in Gnetum; hence, the fossil strobiles are attributed to a new taxon, Khitania columnispicata gen. & sp. nov., being closely related to Gnetum. The general isotopic dating suggests an age of Barremian, ca. 125-122 million years (Myr) ago for the Jianshangou Member. The palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic inference based on the compositions of flora and fauna, and lithological characters of the fossil locality suggests that the fossil plants grew in a subtropical mesophytic forest and under a warmer climate. The remains of male spike strobiles are the first record of gnetalean macrofossil. It documents the evolution of the distinct gnetoid morphology and indicates a wider range of distribution of Gnetaceae in the Early Cretaceous than present day.     

纤维蛋白（原）与动脉粥样硬化关系的研究进展

动脉粥样硬化是常见的血管病变,众多研究表明纤维蛋白(原)是动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素.纤维蛋白(原)能够调节炎性细胞黏附和迁移,使血液处于高凝状态,刺激血管平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移.本文综述纤维蛋白(原)和动脉粥样硬化发病机制之间的关系.     

Accelerated soil CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> efflux after conversion from secondary oak forest to pine plantation in southeastern China

Soil respiration (R _s) is an important component of the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems, and changes in soil respiration with land cover alteration can have important implications for regional carbon balances. In southeastern China (Xiashu Experimental Forest, Jiangsu Province), we used an automated LI-8100 soil CO₂ flux system to quantify diurnal variation of soil respiration in a secondary oak forest and a pine plantation. We found that soil respiration in the pine plantation was significantly higher than that in the secondary oak forest. There were similar patterns of soil respiration throughout the day in both the secondary oak forest and the pine plantation during our 7-month study (March–September 2005). The maximum of R _s occurred between 4:00 pm and 7:00 pm. The diurnal variations of R _s were usually out of phase with soil surface (0.5 cm) temperature (T _g). However, annual variation in R _s correlated with surface soil temperature. Soil respiration reached to a maximum in June, and decreased thereafter. The Q₁₀ of R _s in the secondary oak forest was significantly higher than that in the pine plantation. The higher Q₁₀ value in the secondary oak forest implied that it might release more CO₂ than the pine plantation under a global-warming scenario. Our results indicated that land-use change from secondary forest to plantation may cause a significant increase in CO₂ emission, and reduce the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in southeastern China.     

The youngest split in sympatric schizothoracine fish (Cyprinidae) is shaped by ecological adaptations in a Tibetan Plateau glacier lake

Although new empirical evidence shows that sympatric speciation has occurred in some species, there are few indisputable model organisms for this process of speciation. The two subspecies ( Gymnocypris eckloni eckloni and G . e . scoliostomus ) of the schizothoracine Gymnocypris fish species complex from a small glacier lake in the Tibetan Plateau, Lake Sunmcuo, fit several of the key characteristics of the sympatric speciation model. We used combined mitochondrial control region sequences and the cytochrome b gene (1894 bp) to address the phylogenetics and population genetics of 232 specimens of G . e . eckloni and G . e . scoliostomus , as well as all of its closely related sister species. We found that: (i) a total of four old lineages were uncovered in the widespread G . e . eckloni , of which only one was shown to be shared with all G . e . scoliostomus individuals and (ii) the new subspecies ( G . e . scoliostomus ) evolved in Lake Sunmcuo from the ancestral G . e . eckloni population within approximately 0.057 Ma. These two taxa of the species complex are morphologically distinct, and reproductive isolation is further suggested. Ecological disruptive selection based on morphological traits (e.g. mouth cleft characters) and food utilization may be a mechanism of incipient speciation of two sympatric populations within Lake Sunmcuo. This study provides the first genetic evidence for sympatric speciation in the schizothoracine fish.     

类芦和狗牙根内生固氮菌初步研究

为探索水土保持禾草的固氮能力,利用乙炔还原法(ARA)对类芦(Neyraudia reynaudiana)和狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)植株内生固氮菌的固氮酶活性进行研究.结果表明:在类芦茎部和狗牙根叶片中存在高固氮酶活性的内生固氮菌群;这些菌群在无氮培养基上经划线分离纯化得到40个菌株,其中26株有微弱固氮酶活性,14株检测不到固氮酶活性;从类芦茎部和狗牙根叶片中筛选到的固氮菌群在兼性厌氧的环境中有较高的固氮酶活性,且在石蜡油密封条件下,两者的固氮酶活性均最高;在不改变自然界微生物之间的协同关系情况下,混合菌群均具有较高的固氮酶活性,而人为组配混合得到的菌群固氮酶活性较低. reynaudiana)和狗牙根(Cynodondxtylon)植株内生固氮菌的固氮酶活性进行研究.结果表明:在类芦茎部和狗牙根叶片中存在高固氮酶活性的内生固氮菌群;这些菌群在无氮培养基上经划线分离纯化得到40个菌株,其中26株有微弱固氮酶活性,14株检测不到固氮酶活性;从类芦茎部和狗牙根叶片中筛选到的固氮菌群在兼性厌氧的环境中有较高的固氮酶活性,且在石蜡油密封条件下,两者的固氮酶活性均最高;在不改变自然界微生物之间的协同关系 况下,混合菌群均具有较高的固氮酶     

仿刺参多糖抗肿瘤及对荷瘤小鼠免疫调节作用

目的 观察仿刺参多糖(AJPS)抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用.方法 采用MTT法检测AJPS对人肝癌HepG-2细胞抑制率;以Hca-F肝癌小鼠为模型,采用MTT法、放免法测定荷瘤小鼠细胞免疫指标.结果 AJPS抑制HepG-2细胞生长,抑制小鼠移植瘤生长;增强脾淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞活性,促进TNF-α和IL-2的产生.结论 AJPS具有对HepG-2细胞的直接杀伤作用;AJPS对荷瘤小鼠有免疫调节活性,在肿瘤的免疫治疗中发挥作用.