神经细胞粘附分子与记忆

记忆的形成阶段包含着神经元突触的可塑性变化过程.近年来的研究表明,神经细胞粘附分子可同时增进突触的可塑性和维持突触结构的稳定性.许多研究证实神经细胞粘附分子对与学习和记忆相关的过程起着一定的调节作用.     

Characterization and mapping of a novel mutant sms1 （senescence and male sterility 1） in rice

Plant senescence plays diverse important roles in development and environmental responses.However,the molecular basis of plant senescence is remained largely unknown.A rice spontaneous mutant with the character of early senescence and male sterility (sms) was found in the breeding line NT10-748.In order to identify the gene SMS1 and the underlying mechanism,we preliminarily analyzed physiological and biochemical phenotypes of the mutant.The mutant contained lower chlorophyll content compared with the wild type control and was severe male sterile with lower pollen viability.Genetic analysis showed that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene.By the map-based cloning approach,we fine-mapped SMS1 to a 67 kb region between the markers Z3-4 and Z1-1 on chromosome 8 using 1,074 F2 recessive plants derived from the cross between the mutant sms1 (japonica) × Zhenshan 97 (indica),where no known gene involved in senescence or male sterility has been identified.Therefore the SMS1 gene will be a novel gene that regulates the two developmental processes.The further cloning and functional analysis of the SMS1 gene is under way.     

基于混沌理论的蛋白质序列特性的研究

蛋白质序列特性的研究对于蛋白质的结构及功能具有重要意义。该文为了研究蛋白质序列是否具有混沌行为,先将蛋白质序列通过氨基酸电子离子相互作用势(electron interaction potential,EIIP)转化为时间序列,再根据混沌理论对其进行相空间重构,利用去偏自相关系数,经典G-P算法确定系统的时间延迟t和嵌入维数m,系统的最大Lyapunov指数则用改进的最大Lyapunov指数计算方法计算,其结果绝大多数为正,从而确认了蛋白质时间序列的混沌行为,并对特例进行了说明。     

宁夏水洞沟遗址第2地点发掘报告

水洞沟第2地点是水洞沟遗址群的重要遗址之一, 自2003年来共进行了4次发掘, 揭露面积约100m2, 发现7个文化层, 包含用火遗迹、石制品、动物化石、串珠装饰品和磨制骨针等。本文观察和研究的石制品1万余件, 总体上显示中国北方石片石器工业的技术特征, 但最下部第7文化层出土1件具有水洞沟第1地点特征的石叶石核。动物化石比较破碎, 集中分布于火塘内部或周围, 反映了古人类围绕火塘进行肉类资源利用的行为。综合水洞沟第2地点的AMS14C及光释光测年数据,该地点主要文化层年龄集中在距今41ka-20ka BP之间。     

适当浓度的过氧化氢诱导人支气管上皮细胞发生钙振荡

包括过氧化氢（Hzoz）在内的活性氧通过引起细胞内钙的变化而造成细胞损伤。然而,不同浓度的H202可以导致细胞内不同的钙变化,并激活不同的信号通路。细胞内钙振荡是其中的一种钙信号变化形式,钙振荡可以调控转录因子NF—KB的活性。该研究探讨可以诱导支气管上皮细胞内钙振苏发生的H2o2浓度。体外培养人支气管上皮细胞,采取钙离子荧光探针Fura_2标记细胞。并使用离子成像系统,观测不同浓度的H：0：（0～1000μmol／L）作用下细胞内钙浓度的变化。结果发现,低于50μmol／L的H202仅仅引起“钙火花”;50～500μmol／L的H202导致细胞内钙振荡的发生;而1000μmol／L的H202引起细胞内持续的高钙;同时也证实150μmol／L的H202诱发明显的钙振荡,而钙振荡随后引起了NF—KB活性的升高。该研究提示,适当浓度的H：0：可以诱发支气管上皮细胞内钙振荡的发生,推测可能是活性氧导致慢性气道炎症损伤的一个机制。     

门诊高血压患者健康教育加个体化治疗的效果观察

摘要目的：探讨门诊高血压患者健康教育加个体化治疗的效果。方法：选取在本院门诊收治原发性高血压的患者258例,随机均分为观察组和对照组,每组129例。观察组使用健康教育和个体化治疗,而对照组使用常规治疗。记录并比较两组治疗前后对高血压病掌握情况,血压下降率,服药依从性,治疗后达标、并发症情况。结果：治疗前,观察组对高血压病掌握情况与对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;治疗后,观察组对高血压诊断（91．5％）、高血压病因（98．4％）、高血压症状（100．0％）、高血压并发症（92．2％）掌握情况明显比对照组要好,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组服药依从性明显好于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组的血压下降率为81．4％,明显高于对照组49．6％,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组的达标率高达74．4％,明显高于对照组的34．9％,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;观察组未达标率和并发症发生率分别为25．6％和9-3％,明显低于对照组的65．1％和20．9％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：对不同高血压患者采用健康教育加个体化的治疗方法,对提高高血压的控制率和降低相应并发症的发生率有非常好的临床效果,值得临床进一步推广和应用。     

中国苏铁属花粉形态研究

对中国苏铁属花粉进行了光镜和扫描电镜观察。花粉中等大,极轴长２６．５－３５．７μｍ,赤道轴长２０．６－２６．４μｍ;极面观椭圆形至近圆形,赤道面观船形或肾形,具远极单沟,达两端,其开闭和形状随花粉干燥或潮湿而变化,内部具多种不规则突起,两端具皱纹;远极面外壁光滑或稀具微突起,近极面具穿孔,孔穴或蜂窝状纹饰。     

色钉菇粗多糖对小鼠DA能神经元MPTP损伤的保护作用

以C57BL/6J小鼠为实验材料,研究色钉菇粗多糖对多巴胺能神经元损伤的保护作用,并用体外实验方法测定其抗氧化活性。用MPTP（1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶）方法复制了帕金森病小鼠模型,模型复制前,预先给予小鼠100mg/kg、200mg/kg、400mg/kg不同剂量的色钉菇粗多糖,通过行为学检测方法和免疫组化技术观察小鼠的行为变化以及黑质中多巴胺能神经元的数量变化;用抑制小鼠肝脂质过氧化能力的方法测定色钉菇粗多糖的抗氧化活性。结果显示,预先给予200mg/kg和400mg/kg剂量的色钉菇粗多糖能显著地改善帕金森病模型小鼠的行为症状,并能显著地降低MPTP所致的小鼠多巴胺能神经元的凋亡,这可能与该多糖的抗氧化活性有关。提示色钉菇多糖有开发成防治帕金森病药物的应用前景。     

醛糖还原酶基因启动区C（-106）T多态性与糖尿病视网膜

目的：探讨醛糖还原酶（AR）基因启动区C（-106）T多态性与糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）的关系。方法：235例江苏汉族人群,其中2型糖尿病无视网膜病变组（NDR）63例,2型糖尿病伴视网膜病变组（DR）82例,正常对照组（YC）90例,用PCR-RFLP方法检测AR基因C（-106）T基因型,比较各组等位基因及基因型分布频率。结果：未发现NDR组和NC组之间AR基因C（-106）T各等位基因及基因型频率有显著差异（P分别为0．4505,0．7279）;DR组中CT及TT基因型频率均高于NC组,CC基因型频率低于NC组（P=0．0239）,DR组T等位基因频率显著高于NC组,C等位基因频率显著低于NC组（P=0．0038）。结论：AR基因启动区C（-106）T多态性与江苏汉族人群DR相关,T等位基因可能是DR的遗传危险因子。     

Effects of Meteorological Factors on Daily Hospital Admissions for Asthma in Adults: A Time-Series Analysis

Background

There is limited evidence for the impacts of meteorological changes on asthma hospital admissions in adults in Shanghai, China.

Objectives

To quantitatively evaluate the short-term effects of daily mean temperature on asthma hospital admissions.

Methods

Daily hospital admissions for asthma and daily mean temperatures between January 2005 and December 2012 were analyzed. After controlling for secular and seasonal trends, weather, air pollution and other confounding factors, a Poisson generalized additive model (GAM) combined with a distributed lag non-linear model were used to explore the associations between temperature and hospital admissions for asthma.

Results

During the study periods, there were 15,678 hospital admissions for asthma by residents of Shanghai, an average 5.6 per day. Pearson correlation analysis found a significant negative correlation (r = −0.174, P<0.001) between asthma hospitalizations and daily mean temperature (DMT). The DMT effect on asthma increased below the median DMT, with lower temperatures associated with a higher risk of hospital admission for asthma. Generally, the cold effect appeared to be relatively acute, with duration lasting several weeks, while the hot effect was short-term. The relative risk of asthma hospital admissions associated with cold temperature (the 25^th percentile of temperature relative to the median temperature) was 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01∼1.41) at lag0-14. However, warmer temperatures were not associated with asthma hospital admissions.

Conclusions

Cold temperatures may trigger asthmatic attacks. Effective strategies are needed to protect populations at risk from the effects of cold.