Expression of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene and salinity tolerance in rice transgenic plants

Betaine as one of osmolytes plays an important role in osmoregulation of most high plants. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase C BADH) is the second enzyme involved in betaine biosynthesis. The BADH gene from a halophite, Atriplex hortensis, was transformed into rice cultivars by bombarment method. Totally 192 transgenic rice plants were obtained and most of them had higher salt tolerance than controls. Among transgenic plants transplanted in the saline pool containing 0.5% NaCl in a greenhouse, 22 survived, 13 of which set seeds, and the frequency of seed setting was very low, only 10% . But the controls could not grow under the same condition. The results of BADH ac-tivity assay and Northern blot showed that the BADH gene was integrated into chromosomes of transgenic plants and expressed.     

宽寄螨属一新种：蜱螨亚纲：胭螨科

本文描述阔腹宽寄螨,新种Ｅｕｒｙｐａｒａｓｉｔｕｓｌａｘｉｖｅｎｔｒａｌｉｓｓｐ．ｎｖｏ．,并讨论了与近似促长安宽寄螨Ｅ．ｃｈａｎｇａｎｅｎｓｉｓＧｕｅｔＨｕａｎｇ的鉴别要点,模式标本采自贵州省思南县褐家鼠ＲａｔｔｕｓｎｏｒｖｅｇｉｃｕｓＢｅｒｋｅｎｂｏｕｔ体上,存放在南京大学医学院寄生虫学教研究。     

包囊游仆虫包囊形成和解脱过程中纤毛器的分化

包囊游仆虫(Euplotes encysticus)形成包囊时,各类纤毛器中的纤毛杆被部分地或全部地吸收,毛基体被保留下来。休眠包囊中,背纤毛器的定位无明显变化,但原腹面纤毛器中的口围带和波动膜、额腹棘毛和横棘毛,以及左、右尾棘毛都按序陷入在细胞质内深处,并相互汇聚在一起。脱包囊时,纤毛结构在原毛基体上再分化,新纤毛器按口围带、横棘毛、额腹棘毛和左、右尾棘毛的顺序从细胞内显露出来。     

中华绒螯蟹血淋巴20-羟蜕皮酮诱发蜕皮和卵巢发育的作用

通过放射免疫法测定了中华绒螯蟹蜕皮周期血淋巴20-羟蜕皮酮(20-HE)含量的变化。血淋巴20-HE同卵母细胞发育各个阶段有密切的时相关系:在卵母细胞小生长期血淋巴20-HE持续上升,经青春蜕皮进入卵母细胞大生长期后又迅速降低。不能及时青春蜕皮的青春期前雌蟹,稍后仍出现20-HE下降的趋势。对不同实验条件和生理状态下雌蟹的比较表明,20-HE具有诱发蜕皮的特性。卵母细胞早期生长必需高浓度的血淋巴20-HE。外源注射的20-HE有刺激卵巢增重的作用。     

Increasing Lysine Content of Waxy Maize through Introgression of Opaque-2 and Opaque-16 Genes Using Molecular Assisted and Biochemical Development

The low lysine content of waxy maize cannot meet the nutritional requirements of humans, livestock, or poultry. In the present study, the high-lysine genes o2 and o16 were backcrossed into wx lines using the maize high-lysine inbreds TAIXI19 (o2o2) and QCL3021 (o16o16) as donors and the waxy maize inbred line QCL5019 (wxwx) as a receptor. In the triple-cross F₁, backcross, and inbred generations, the SSR markers phi027 and phi112 within the wx and o2 genes and the SSR marker umc1121 linked to the o16 gene were used for foreground selection. Background selection of the whole-genome SSR markers was performed for the selected individuals. The grain lysine content was determined using the dye-binding lysine method. The waxiness of the grain was determined with the I₂-KI staining and dual-wavelength spectrophotometric analysis. The BC₂F₂ generation included 7 plants of genotype wxwxo2o2O16_, 19 plants of genotype wxwxo16o16O2_, and 3 plants of genotype wxwxo2o2o16o16. In these seeds, the average amylopectin content was 96.67%, 96.87%, and 96.62%, respectively, which is similar to that of QCL5019. The average lysine content was 0.555%, 0.380%, and 0.616%, respectively, representing increases of 75.1%, 19.9%, 94.3%, respectively, over QCL5019. The average genetic background recovery rate of the BC₂F₃ families was 95.3%, 94.3%, 94.2%, respectively. Among these 3 wxwxo2o2O16O16 families, 4 wxwxo2o2O16o16 families, and 3 wxwxo2o2o16o16 families, the longest imported parent donor fragment was 113.35 cM and the shortest fragment was 11.75 cM. No significant differences in lysine content were found between the BC₂F₄ seeds and the BC₂F₃ seeds in these 10 families. This allowed us to increase the lysine content of waxy corn and produce seeds with excellent nutritional characteristics suitable for human consumption, animal feed, and food processing. This may be of significance in the breeding of high-quality corn and in improvement of the nutrition of humans, livestock, and poultry.     

MiR-186-5p对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖分化的影响研究 *

目的 探究miR-186-5p对小鼠3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖,分化的影响及其潜在的分子机制.方法: qRT-PCR检测miR-186-5p在不同周龄小鼠白色脂肪组织及3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖分化过程中的表达变化;通过脂质体将miR-186-5p mimics,inhibitors转染入增殖液或分化液培养的3T3-L1细胞后,利用CCK-8,EdU和qRT-PCR检测3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖变化,油红O染色观察其脂滴形态;通过生物信息软件TargetScan和双荧光报告系统分别对miR-186-5p靶基因进行预测和确认.结果: (1)miR-186-5p在1~6周龄小鼠的白色脂肪组织及3T3-L1前脂肪细胞自然分化过程中表达量均逐渐上调.(2)与阴性对照相比,mimics或inhibitors转染分别显著地促进或抑制了miR-186-5p的表达.(3)过表达miR-186-5p后,3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的增殖速率减慢,脂滴增大增多;而抑制miR-186-5p后,3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖速率增快,脂滴数量减少,且粒径变小.其中过表达miR-186-5p显著地降低了野生型Wnt5a和Mapk1 3'-UTR活性,而突变相应的绑定位点可解除该抑制作用.结论: miR-186-5p可抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖,且通过直接靶向Wnt5a和Mapk1以促进其分化为成熟脂肪细胞.     

外源茉莉酸甲酯诱导对香菇多糖代谢及关键酶基因表达的影响

香菇多糖是重要的生物活性成分,其药用价值高,茉莉酸甲酯有助于提高食用菌多糖含量,但关于其对香菇多糖合成的影响尚不清楚。本研究以香菇新808为实验材料,对不同浓度茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）诱导下香菇菌丝生物量和生长速率、香菇多糖代谢关键酶活性及基因相对表达量、香菇多糖含量进行比较分析。结果表明：10μmol/L的茉莉酸甲酯可显著促进香菇菌丝生长并提高菌丝体生物量,分别是对照的1.14倍、1.2倍;与香菇多糖代谢相关的UDP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（UGPase）、葡萄糖磷酸异构酶（PGI）、α-葡萄糖磷酸变位酶（α-PGM）活性增加,为对照组的1.58、1.13、3.21倍;其基因相对表达量较对照组也显著上调,为对照组的5.73、1.4、1.77倍;香菇多糖合成量显著增加,为对照组1.58倍。10μmol/L的MeJA处理后,香菇多糖代谢关键酶活性及基因相对表达量与多糖含量间存在显著的正相关关系,表明添加适宜浓度的茉莉酸甲酯会影响香菇菌丝的生长及多糖合成。     

Achieving Balanced Crystallization Kinetics of Donor and Acceptor by Sequential‐Blade Coated Double Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

Sequential deposition has great potential to achieve high performance in organic solar cells due to the resulting well‐controlled vertical phase separation. In this work, double bulk heterojunction organic solar cells are fabricated by sequential‐blade cast in ambient conditions. Probed by the in situ grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction and in situ UV–vis absorption measurements, the seq‐blade system exhibits a different tendency from each of the binary films during the film formation process. Due to the extensive aggregation of FOIC, the binary PBDB‐T:FOIC film displays a strong and large phase separation, resulting in low current density (J_sc) and unsatisfactory power conversion efficiency. In the seq‐blade cast system, the bottom layer PBDB‐T:IT‐M produces many crystal nuclei for the top layer PBDB‐T:FOIC, so the PBDB‐T molecules are able to crystallize easily and quickly. Balanced crystallization kinetics between polymer and small molecule and an ideal percolation network in the film are observed. In addition, the balanced crystallization kinetics are favorable toward realizing lower recombination loss through charge transport processes.     

莫西沙星联合用药方案对耐多药肺结核患者血清游离氨基酸和免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨莫西沙星联合用药方案对耐多药肺结核(MDR-TB)患者血清游离氨基酸和免疫功能的影响。方法:选取2015年9月到2018年1月期间我院收治的90例MDR-TB患者,根据乱数表法将患者分为研究组(n=45)、对照组(n=45),其中对照组给予左氧氟沙星联合常规化疗治疗,研究组则给予莫西沙星联合常规化疗治疗,比较两组临床疗效、痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率、空洞闭合率、血清游离氨基酸和免疫功能,记录两组治疗期间不良反应情况。结果:研究组治疗18个月后的临床总有效率为71.11%(32/45),高于对照组的46.67%(21/45)(P0.05)。研究组治疗18个月后痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率、空洞闭合率均较对照组高(P0.05)。两组患者治疗18个月后CD4+、免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)均升高,CD8+降低(P0.05),研究组治疗18个月后CD4+、Ig A、Ig G高于对照组,而CD8+低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗18个月后缬氨酸、谷氨酸均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者总不良反应发生率比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:莫西沙星联合常规化疗治疗MDR-TB的疗效确切,可有效改善患者血清游离氨基酸水平,提高机体免疫功能,同时不增加不良反应发生率。     

脑缺血大鼠肺组织NGF/TrkA表达变化及其意义

目的:探讨大鼠脑缺血后肺组织神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)/酪氨酸蛋白激酶A(tropomyosin-related kinase A,TrkA)表达的变化。方法:成年雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组和脑缺血后6 h、24 h及48 h组,每组8只。建立大脑中动脉永久性局灶性缺血模型,术后于各时间点麻醉处死大鼠后,测定肺组织湿重/干重(W/D),光镜下观察HE染色肺组织病理学改变;Western blot法检测肺组织NGF、TrkA蛋白表达。结果:与假手术组相比,脑缺血后6 h肺组织W/D有增加,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而脑缺血后24 h及48 h肺组织W/D均有显著增高(P<0.05),其中以24 h组最明显(P<0.01);脑缺血后6 h肺组织出现轻度充血、水肿及炎性改变,24 h及48 h组肺泡结构破坏明显。病理学评分结果显示,脑缺血后24 h及48 h组大鼠肺组织病理评分较假手术组显著升高(P<0.05);Western blot法显示,脑缺血6 h肺组织中NGF表达增加(P<0.05),48 h时表达有下降趋势,但仍高于假手术组(P<0.05)。而肺组织中TrkA表达在脑缺血6h有下降(P>0.05),24 h下降明显(P<0.05),48 h时TrkA蛋白表达虽有上升,仍显著低于假手术组(P<0.05)。结论:大鼠肺组织NGF/TrkA的动态变化可能参与了脑缺血后肺损伤的病理生理过程。