关节镜治疗膝关节盘状半月板损伤的疗效及术后疼痛的影响因素研究

目的:探讨关节镜治疗膝关节盘状半月板损伤的疗效以及患者术后疼痛的原因、影响因素。方法:选取2011年7月至2013年7月我院收治的46例膝关节盘状半月板损伤的患者作为研究对象,运用统计学方法分析关节镜的手术疗效。结果:根据Lkeuchi评分标准进行评分:优29例(63.04%),良12例(26.09%),中3例(6.52%),差2例(4.35%),优良率为89.13%。两组患者性别、BMI(体质指数)之间无差异,但是疼痛与年龄、负重早晚、关节软骨损伤、术后是否冷敷均有关系,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:关节镜治疗膝关节盘状半月板损伤具有确切的疗效,术后疼痛与多种因素有关。     

抑制Toll样受体4对apoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化病变的影响

通过Toll样受体4(TLR4)抑制剂表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)对TLR4途径的抑制,研究apoE-/- 小鼠TLR4及多种炎症因子的表达和动脉粥样硬化病变程度的改变,以探讨TLR4途径在动脉粥样硬化病变发生中的作用.5岗龄雄性apoE-/- 小鼠50只,随机分成4组:基础饮食组对照组(n=12)、高脂饮食组对照组(n=12)、基础饮食+EGCG组(n=13)、高脂饮食+EGCG组(n=13).给药14周后处死动物,从主动脉根部连续冰冻切片,油红O染色观察主动脉窦处动脉粥样硬化(As)斑块面积,定量分析主动脉粥样硬化斑块大小及占管腔的面积百分比,采用Real time-PCR检测主动脉TLR4 mRNA和CD14mRNA的表达,蛋白质印迹检测TLR4和CD14蛋白表达,ELISA检测小鼠血清中单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1,肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)浓度.研究结果提示:EGCG显著减轻apoE-/- 主动脉窦部的动脉粥样硬化病变,高脂对照组的主动脉窦AS斑块面积为(2.37±0.08)mm2,高脂饲料+EGCG组的主动脉窦AS斑块的面积为(1.05±0.13)mm2,EGCG组小鼠主动脉窦粥样斑块面积比相应对照组明显减少(P<0.05),高脂饮食+EGCG组小鼠TLR4蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05),MCP-1,TNF-α的含量减少,与高脂饮食对照组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05).TLR4信号转导途径在高脂所致的AS发生当中有着重要作用,该信号途径的激活至少是AS发生当中的一个重要环节.     

西藏兰科植物1新记录属和2新记录种

该文报道了西藏兰科1个新记录属——坛花兰属(Acanthephippium)及其新记录种——锥囊坛花兰(Acanthephippium striatum Lindl),另1西藏新记录种为夏天麻(Gastrodia flavilabella S.S.Ying)。锥囊坛花兰与同属的中华坛花兰[A.gougahense(Guillaumin)Seidenfaden]和坛花兰(A.sylhetense Lindl.Gen)相近,主要区别在于后两者唇盘肉质增厚且萼囊宽而短钝。夏天麻植株形态类似于南天麻[G.javanica(Bl.)Lindl],后者花苞片宿存,为三角形;根状茎上不具珊瑚状根;唇盘基部爪上的胼胝体非球形。文中对新记录1属和2种兰科植物进行了描述,并附有新记录的特征照片,丰富了该区野生兰科植物本底资源。同时根据IUCN的评价标准,对其濒危等级进行了评估认定,提出了保护等级的建议。凭证标本保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室(XZE)。     

The Pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus,Host Defense Mechanisms,and the Development of AFMP4 Antigen as a Vaccine

Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the ubiquitous fungi with airborne conidia, which accounts for most aspergillosis cases. In immunocompetent hosts, the inhaled conidia are rapidly eliminated. However, immunocompromised or immunodeficient hosts are particularly vulnerable to most Aspergillus infections and invasive aspergillosis (IA), with mortality from 50% to 95%. Despite the improvement of antifungal drugs over the last few decades, the therapeutic effect for IA patients is still limited and does not provide significant survival benefits. The drawbacks of antifungal drugs such as side effects, antifungal drug resistance, and the high cost of antifungal drugs highlight the importance of finding novel therapeutic and preventive approaches to fight against IA. In this article, we systemically addressed the pathogenic mechanisms, defense mechanisms against A. fumigatus, the immune response, molecular aspects of host evasion, and vaccines’ current development against aspergillosis, particularly those based on AFMP4 protein, which might be a promising antigen for the development of anti-A. fumigatus vaccines.     

Activation of Akt/mTOR Pathway Is Associated with Poor Prognosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor of the head and neck region, which frequently occurs in Southeast Asia, especially in the south of China. It is known that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a central role in regulating cellular functions, including proliferation, growth, survival, mobility, and angiogenesis. Aberrant expression of the mTOR signaling pathway molecules has been found in many types of cancer. However, whether the alterations of p-Akt, p-p70S6K and p-4EBP1 protein expression are associated with clinicopathological features and prognostic implications in NPC have not been reported. The purposes of the present study are to investigate the association between the expression of p-Akt, p-p70S6K and p-4EBP1 proteins and clinicopathological features in NPC by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the positive percentage of p-Akt, p-p70S6K and p-4EBP1 proteins expression in NPC (47.2%, 73.0% and 61.7%, respectively) was significantly higher than that in the non-cancerous nasopharyngeal control tissue (33.3%, 59.1% and 47.0%, respectively). There was a significantly higher positive expression of p-Akt in undifferentiated non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma than that in differentiated non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P = 0.014). Additionally, positive expression of p-p70S6K and p-4EBP1 proteins, and positive expression of either of p-Akt, p-p70S6K and p-4EBP1 were significantly correlated inversely with overall survival rates of NPC patients (P = 0.023, P = 0.033, P = 0.008, respectively). Spearman’s rank correlation test showed that expression of p-Akt in NPC was significantly associated with expression of p-p70S6K (r = 0.263, P<0.001) and p-4EBP1(r = 0.284, P<0.001). Also there was an obviously positive association between expression of p-p70S6K and p-4EBP1 proteins in NPC (r = 0.286, P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis further identified positive expression of p-4EBP1 and p-p70S6K proteins were the independent poor prognostic factors for NPC (P = 0.043, P = 0.027, respectively). Taken together, high expression of p-p70S6K and p-4EBP1 proteins may act as valuable independent biomarkers to predict a poor prognosis of NPC.     

测定糖尿病患者血清LDL-C 水平的方法学比较

目的:比较不同方法检测糖尿病患者血清LDL-C水平,为临床诊疗提供准确可行的检验方法。方法:采用沉淀法、匀相法、电泳法及超速离心法对233例糖尿病患者和102例健康人群的血清LDL-C水平进行测定,比较各方法之间的相关性,同时分析导致结果差异的因素。结果:四种方法检测健康人群LDL-C水平,结果间无统计学差异(P>0.05);糖尿病组,当TG≤2.26mmol/L时,四种方法检测LDL-C结果间相关性良好。高胆红素、血红蛋白、高TG及乳糜等干扰因素存在时,与其他方法相比,电泳法和超速离心法检测血清LDL-C结果受影响较小(P>0.05)。结论:超速离心法虽耗时、价格贵,但仍为检测LDL-C的经典方法,电泳法受高胆红素、血红蛋白、高三酰甘油等干扰因素的影响相对较小,适用于糖尿病合并高血脂患者血清LDL-C水平检测。     

特异性高免卵黄抗体与鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫致病关系的研究

为了探讨体液免疫在鸡球虫病中的作用,通过制备柔嫩艾美尔球虫(E.tenella)特异性高免卵黄抗体,检测卵黄抗体在鸡盲肠中的代谢规律,对E.tenella进行体内外抑制和杀灭实验,观察特异性高免卵黄抗体对E.tenella的作用。结果表明:(1)口服的卵黄抗体在鸡消化道较稳定;(2)口服卵黄液可使感染E.tenella鸡的死亡率降低33.34%,增重率和抗球虫指数分别提高39.19%和73.50;(3)特异性高免卵黄抗体对E.tenella的子孢子具有明显的溶解和致弱作用,但对卵囊的孢子化速率和孢子化球虫卵囊的致病性没有明显影响。     

褐飞虱对五种杀虫剂抗性的快速检测技术

【目的】建立褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens对常用杀虫剂抗性的快速检测技术,实时掌握田间褐飞虱种群的抗药性水平,以指导褐飞虱防控合理用药。【方法】基于玻璃瓶药膜法,研制褐飞虱3龄若虫对吡虫啉、啶虫脒、醚菊酯、毒死蜱和异丙威5种杀虫剂抗性的快速检测试剂盒;利用试剂盒测定的死亡率与稻苗浸渍法测得的抗性倍数进行相关性分析,并验证利用试剂盒快速测定褐飞虱田间种群对5种杀虫剂 抗性水平的准确性。【结果】处理1 h时吡虫啉、啶虫脒、醚菊酯、毒死蜱和异丙威对褐飞虱室内敏感种群3龄若虫的LD₉₀分别为：30.96, 92.05, 117.24, 514.21和1.24 ng/cm²。在吡虫啉、啶虫脒、醚菊酯、毒死蜱和异丙威相应诊断剂量下,贵州省不同田间种群褐飞虱3龄若虫的校正死亡率分别在23.75%~78.75%, 25.00%~78.75%, 43.75%~88.75%, 36.25%~85.00%和18.75%~67.50%之间。相关性分析表明,上述田间种群褐飞虱3龄若虫的死亡率与稻苗浸渍法测定的抗性倍数呈显著负相关,相关系数在0.8751~0.9754之间。通过快速检测试剂盒获得的死亡率及相关性方程计算得到贵州安龙地区(AL)褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉、啶虫脒、醚菊酯、毒死蜱和异丙威的推测抗性倍数分别为7.23, 3.68, 4.14, 4.12和31.18,采用稻苗浸渍法测得上述5种杀虫剂的实测抗性倍数分别为6.33, 5.24, 3.71, 4.50和26.56,表明推测抗性倍数与实测的抗性倍数结果表现一致。【结论】该快速检测试剂盒可以通过测定褐飞虱田间种群的死亡率,快速评估褐飞虱田间种群对杀虫剂的抗性水平。