Quantitative analysis of carnosine,anserine, and homocarnosine in skeletal muscle of aquatic species from east China sea

Histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs) are a family of non-protein, nitrogen-containing compounds with multiple physiological roles and are mainly present in excitable tissues of vertebrates. The distribution of HCDs in various animal species has been the subject of study for nearly 100 years. The aim of this research was to determine the content of the HCDs in the aquatic species collected from the Zhoushan fishing ground of the East China Sea. Using LC-MS/MS technology, the occurrence of carnosine, anserine, and homocarnosine in skeletal muscle of 38 aquatic species (26 teleosts, 6 molluscs, and 6 crustaceans) and chicken breast was investigated. Of the 38 aquatic species examined, 24 species (23 teleosts and 1 mollusc) contained considerable amounts (>5 ng/g wet tissue) of HCDs, and anserine was the major component of HCDs in their skeletal muscles. Only 5 teleosts contained homocarnosine. Most invertebrates, with the exception of the sepia Uroteuthis chinensis, did not contain HCDs. The present findings greatly expand the HCD distribution data and provide insight into understanding the roles of HCDs in different animals and a nutritional assessment for marine aquatic species.     

盾叶薯蓣自然变异类型间的比较研究

对取自云南期纳的二倍体和三倍体盾叶薯蓣植株以及重庆城口的四倍体植株进行了形态学、染色体数目及同工酶的比较研究。结果表明,这3种类型植株在叶片形态上有明显的差异。二倍体的染色体数目是2n=2x=20,三倍体为2n=3x=30,四倍体为2n=4x=40;酯酶(EST)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶谱显示,3种类型植株之间具有明显的相关性,但多倍体较二倍体的酶带条数少且着色浅。这些差异除了有地理分布不同的因素外,倍性的不同也是很重要的因素。     

豆科植物阿拉善黄耆的分类订正

对内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃等荒漠和半荒漠地区的气候和其他一些因素所导致的阿拉善黄耆(Astragalus grubovii Sancz.)的多态现象和变异规律进行了分析,对其存在的分类问题予以订正,将长期以来混乱不清的8个名称处理为异名,为阿拉善黄耆种的界定提供分类学依据.     

Exposure to water increased pollen longevity of pondweed (Potamogeton spp.) indicates different mechanisms ensuring pollination success of angiosperms in aquatic habitat

Pollen longevity in seven Potamogeton species representing different pollination systems (anemophily, epihydrophily and hydroautogamy) was assessed both under aerial condition and in contact with water to investigate how water impacts the sexual reproduction in these aquatic taxa. Stainability of pollen with MTT was considered as an indicator of pollen viability. The half-life of pollen longevity was calculated using exponential decay regression. Overall, pollen viability decreased relatively rapidly with time. Pollen grains of obligate anemophilic species had lower initial viability and shorter half-lives than those of facultative anemophilic species. Pollen in these latter species may take more time to reach the stigma. The pollen of Potamogeton may be categorized as partially hydrated pollen owing to its generally spherical shape and lack of furrows, rapid loss of viability, and fast pollen tube initiation. The half-life is positively correlated with pollen size. Smaller-sized grains are at greater risk of desiccation than larger grains. In contrast with the situation observed in most terrestrial angiosperms, contact with water increases pollen longevity in Potamogeton species. In our present study the half-lives of pollen longevity of Potamogeton species in which the pollen had come into contact with water (mean of 10.65 h) were markedly higher than those under aerial conditions (mean of 5.79 h, t = 2.622, P = 0.039). The results of our study contradict a widely held belief that water is detrimental to pollen viability in angiosperms and furthermore indicate that close proximity to water results in selection for wettability. The transition to a hydrated status together with its morphology, make Potamogeton pollen more adapted to the aquatic environment and thus serves to ensure reproductive process. Results of our present study may have direct implications for understanding the evolution of the sexual reproductive system in aquatic angiosperms.     

钠离子通道参与调节小胶质细胞的生物学功能

小胶质细胞作为常驻的免疫细胞,遍布于大脑和脊髓中,提供持续的免疫监视活动。当中枢神经系统组织细胞受到损伤时,小胶质细胞发生激活从而引起多种生物学效应。近年来研究显示多种亚型的电压门控型钠离子通道在小胶质细胞表面表达,并参与调节小胶质细胞的激活、吞噬、多种细胞因子/趋化因子的释放,迁移以及浸润等生理过程。本文针对电压门控型钠离子通道参与调节小胶质细胞生物学功能的最新进展进行了分析与归纳,并探讨其作用机制及未来研究的发展趋势。     

The immunodominant and neutralization linear epitopes for SARS-CoV-2

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房室结折返性心动过速多径路食道电生理特征及意义 ———附1例报告暨文献复习

房室结多径路在临床中常见,其食道电生理有较典型特征,如多种频率心动过速。我们发现一例食道调搏存在两种频率心动过速患者,第一次在右延伸处成功慢径改良后较长时间不能发现另一条慢径存在,40分钟后另一条慢径才表现并于左延长处成功消融。提示如食道电生理发现存在多径路时心内电生理一定要多次重复检查,必要时延长观察时间,力争一次完整消融多条径路。     

Ecological Risks Assessment and Pollution Source Identification of Trace Elements in Contaminated Sediments from the Pearl River Delta, China

Sediments from 14 stations in the Foshan Waterway, a river crossing the industrial district of Guangdong Province, South China, were sampled and subsequently analyzed. The 14 stations were selected for the pollution discharging features of the river, such as the hydrology, the distribution of pollution sources, and the locations of wastewater outlets. The ecological risks were assessed, and the pollution sources were identified to provide valuable information for environmental impact assessment and pollution control. The spatial variability was high and the range were (in milligrams per kilogram dry weight): Pb, 46.0~382.8; Cu, 33.7~ 482.3; Zn, 62.2~1,568.7; Ni, 28.5~130.7; Cr, 34.7~1,656.1; Cd, 0.50~8.53; Hg, 0.02~8.27; and As, 5.77~66.09. The evaluation results of enrichment factor and potential ecological risk index indicate that the metal pollution in the surface and bottom sediments were severely polluted and could pose serious threat to the ecosystem in most stations. Although the hazard levels of the trace element differed among the stations, Hg was the most serious pollutant in all stations. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) show that the discharge of industrial wastewater is the most important polluting factor whereas domestic sewage, which contains a large amount of organic substances, accelerates metal deposition. And potential pollution sources were identified by the way of integrating the analysis results of PCA and data gained from the local government. Therefore, the conclusion is drawn that Foshan Waterway is seriously polluted with trace elements, both in the surface sediment (0 to 20 cm) and the bottom sediments (21 to 50 cm) are contaminated.