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21.
We examined the applicability of radiotelemetry to studies of acorn dispersal byApodemus mice and compared its efficiency with the of this spool-and-line method. Installation of a transmitter (2.2 g) onto acorns
did not interfere with the transporting and feeding behavior of the mice. We were able to detect all transmitter-installed
acorns and follow the daily changes in the sites in which they were hoarded, while we missed 59% of the spool-tied acorns
due to mice breaking the threads. Mice carried transmitter-installed acorns farther than spool-tied ones. The radiotelemetry
method is superior to the spool-and-line method and useful for the study of hoarding behavior in rodents. 相似文献
22.
Koichi Suzuki Misa Iwata Shigenori Ito Kiyoshi Matsui Atsuko Uchida Yasuhiko Mizoi 《Human genetics》1994,94(2):129-135
The “a” subunit of human coagulation factor XIII (F13A) exhibits genetic polymorphism defined by four common alleles, F13A*1A, *1B, *2A, and *2B. We have previously suggested on the basis of the isoelectric focusing patterns of the four allele products that point mutations at two separate sites and one intragenic crossing over might be involved in the genes of F13A polymorphism. Here, we report nucleotide substitutions associated with F13A polymorphism. A C/T transition of the second nucelotide of codon 564 in exon 12 is responsible for the difference between F13A*1A and *1B and that between F13A*2A and *2B, and a set of two base changes in codons 650 and 651 in exon 14 leads to the differences between F13A*1A and *2A and those between F13A*1B and *2B. The four combinations of the point mutations at the two exons thus correspond to the four alleles, two of which were generated by the point mutations from ancestral monomorphic gene. The results suggest strongly that intragenic crossing over must be involved in the genesis of the fourth allele. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods discriminating these base changes in exons 12 and 14 are also presented. 相似文献
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Koichi Ohshima Masahiro Kikuchi Shinichi Kobari Yuichi Masuda Fuyuki Eguchi Nobuhiro Kimura 《Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology including molecular pathology》1993,63(1):197-198
Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to examine the occurrence ofbcl-2/JH joining produced by t(14;18) chromosomal translocation, amplified DNA was detected in 2 of 18 lymph nodes showing reactive
lymphadenopathy. The PCR was repeated in these two lymphs nodes using the same DNA samples, but no amplification was detected
at the second attempt. Thus the amplified DNA was considered to be derived from one copy of joinedbcl-2/JH in one cell, or from a few copies in a few clonal cells with the same joinedbcl-2/JH. These results suggest that false joining ofbcl-2/JH at the t(14;l8) junction may occur in reactive lymph nodes. 相似文献
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Noriko Takahashi Katsuyoshi Masuda Kenji Hiraki Kazuo Yoshihara Hung-Hsiang Huang Kay-Hooi Khoo Koichi Kato 《European journal of biochemistry》2003,270(12):2627-2632
To determine the glycoforms of squid rhodopsin, N-glycans were released by glycoamidase A digestion, reductively aminated with 2-aminopyridine, and then subjected to 2D HPLC analysis [Takahashi, N., Nakagawa, H., Fujikawa, K., Kawamura, Y. & Tomiya, N. (1995) Anal. Biochem.226, 139-146]. The major glycans of squid rhodopsin were shown to possess the alpha1-3 and alpha1-6 difucosylated innermost GlcNAc residue found in glycoproteins produced by insects and helminths. By combined use of 2D HPLC, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and permethylation and gas chromatography-electron ionization mass spectrometry analyses, it was revealed that most (85%) of the N-glycans exhibit the novel structure Manalpha1-6(Manalpha1-3)Manbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4(Galbeta1-4Fucalpha1-6)(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc. 相似文献
27.
Koichi Matsuzaki Mikio Kan Wallace L. McKeehan 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》1996,32(6):345-360
Summary Two transmembrane serine-threonine kinases (type I and II receptors), a membrane-anchored proteoglycan (type III), and a homodimeric
ligand participate in the transforming growth factor beta type on (TGFβ1) signal transduction complex. The expression of recombinant
receptors in insect cells co-infected with up to three recombinant baculoviruses was employed to study interactions among
the ectodomains of the three types of receptors and the TGFβ1 ligand in absence of uncontrollable extrinsic factors in mammalian
cells. Multi-subunit complexes were assembled in intact cells and purified on glutathione-conjugated beads for analysis by
tagging one of the subunits with glutathione S-transferase (GST). Intrinsic ligand-independent interactions were observed
among receptor subunits as follows: type III–III type I–I, type III-I, and type II-I. The homeotypic complex of type II–II
receptors and the heterotypic type III-II interaction was ligand dependent. The type I, but not the type III, subunit displaced
about 50% of the type II component in either ligand-dependent homomeric type II-type II complexes or heteromeric type III-type
II complexes to form type II-I or type III-II-I oligomers, respectively. The type II subunit displaced type I subunits in
oligomers of the type I subunit. Specificity of type I receptors may result from differential affinity for the type II receptor
rather than specificity for ligand. A monomeric subunit of the TGFβ1 ligand bound concurrently to type III and type II or
type III and type I receptors, but failed to concurrently bind to the type II and type I subunits. The binding of TGFβ1 to
the type I kinase subunit appears to require an intact disulfide-linked ligand dimer in the absence of a type III subunit.
The combined results suggest a pentameric TGFβ signal transduction complex in which one unit each of the type III, type II,
and type I components is assembled around the two subunits of the dimeric TGFβ1 ligand. An immobilized GST-tagged subunit
of the receptor complex was utilized to assemble multi-subunit complexesin vitro and to study the phosphorylation events among subunits in the absence of extrinsic cell-derived kinases. The results revealed
that (a) a low level of ligand-independent autophosphorylation occurs in the type I kinase; (b) a high level of autophosphorylation
occurs in the type II kinase; (c) both the type III and type I subunits aretrans-phosphorylated by the type II subunit; and (d) the presence of both type I and II kinases complexed with the type III subunit
and dimeric TGFβ1 ligand in a pentameric complex causes maximum phosphorylation of all three receptor subunits. 相似文献
28.
29.
Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes and drinking behavior of Chinese living in Shanghai 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Taro Muramatsu Wang Zu-Cheng Fang Yi-Ru Hu Kou-Bao Yan Heqin Koichi Yamada Susumu Higuchi Shoji Harada Hiroaki Kono 《Human genetics》1995,96(2):151-154
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), the principal enzymes responsible for oxidative metabolism of ethanol, exist in multiple, genetically determined molecular forms. Widely different kinetic properties in some of these isozymes account for the individual differences in alcohol sensitivity. In this study we used the polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism method to determine the genotypes of the ADH2 and ALDH2 loci of alcoholic and nonalcoholic Chinese living in Shanghai. We also investigated the subjects' drinking patterns by means of semistructured interviews. The alcoholics had significantly lower frequencies of the ADH22 and ALDH22 alleles than did the nonalcoholics, suggesting the inhibitory effects of these alleles for the development of alcoholism. In the nonalcoholic subjects, ADH22 had little, if any, effect, despite the significant effect of the ALDH22 allele in decreasing the alcohol consumption of the individual. Taken together, these results fit the proposed hypothesis for the development of alcoholism, i.e., drinking behavior is greatly influenced by the individual's gentoypes of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, and the risk of becoming alcoholic is proportionate with the ethanol consumption of the individual. 相似文献
30.