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51.
Nienhuis HL de Leeuw K Bijzet J van Doormaal JJ van Roon AM Smit AJ Graaff R Kallenberg CG Bijl M 《Arthritis research & therapy》2010,12(5):R181
Introduction
The objectives of this study were to determine small arterial elasticity (SAE) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to investigate its relationship with intima media thickness (IMT), accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), endothelial activation and inflammation. 相似文献52.
The evolutionary origin of the pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses)
is still uncertain. Most authors support a hypothesis of a monophyletic
origin of the pinnipeds from a caniform carnivore. A minority view suggests
a diphyletic origin with true seals being related to the mustelids (otters
and ferrets). The phylogenetic relationships of the walrus to other
pinniped and carnivore families are also still particularly problematic.
Here we examined the relative support for mono- and diphyletic hypotheses
using DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial small subunit (12S) rRNA and
cytochrome b genes. We first analyzed a small group of taxa representing
the three pinniped families (Phocidae, Otariidae, and Odobenidae) and
caniform carnivore families thought to be related to them. We inferred
phylogenetic reconstructions from DNA sequence data using standard
parsimony and neighbor-joining algorithms for phylogenetic inference as
well as a new method called spectral analysis (Hendy and Penny) in which
phylogenetic information is displayed independently of any selected tree.
We identified and compensated for potential sources of error known to lead
to selection of incorrect phylogenetic trees. These include sampling error,
unequal evolutionary rates on lineages, unequal nucleotide composition
among lineages, unequal rates of change at different sites, and
inappropriate tree selection criteria. To correct for these errors, we
performed additional transformations of the observed substitution patterns
in the sequence data, applied more stringent structural constraints to the
analyses, and included several additional taxa to help resolve long,
unbranched lineages in the tree. We find that there is strong support for a
monophyletic origin of the pinnipeds from within the caniform carnivores,
close to the bear/raccoon/panda radiation. Evidence for a diphyletic origin
was very weak and can be partially attributed to unequal nucleotide
compositions among the taxa analyzed. Subsequently, there is slightly more
evidence for grouping the walrus with the eared seals versus the true
seals. A more conservative interpretation, however, is that the walrus is
an early, but not the first, independent divergence from the common
pinniped ancestor.
相似文献
53.
Suzanne Arends Anneke Spoorenberg Pieternella M Houtman Martha K Leijsma Reinhard Bos Cees GM Kallenberg Henk Groen Elisabeth Brouwer Eveline van der Veer 《Arthritis research & therapy》2012,14(2):1-10
Introduction
Statins (hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) are effective in reducing the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, or type II diabetes. Next to their cholesterol-lowering activity, statins have immunomodulatory properties. Based on these properties, we hypothesized that statin use may eventually lead to dysregulation of immune responses, possibly resulting in autoimmunity. We have recently shown in an observational study that statin use was associated with an increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. Our objective was to investigate whether a causal relationship could be established for this finding.Methods
The mouse collagen type II (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) model was used, with immunization, challenge, and euthanasia at days 0, 21, and 42, respectively. Statins were given orally before (day -28 until day 21) or after (day 21 until day 42) CIA induction. Atorvastatin (0.2 mg/day) or pravastatin (0.8 mg/day) was administered. Arthritis was recorded three times a week. Serum anti-CII autoantibodies and cytokines in supernatants from Concanavalin-A-stimulated lymph node cells and CII-stimulated spleen cells were measured.Results
Statin administration accelerated arthritis onset and resulted in 100% arthritic animals, whereas only seven out of 12 nonstatin control animals developed arthritis. Atorvastatin administration after CIA induction resulted in earlier onset than atorvastatin administration before induction, or than pravastatin administration before or after induction. The arthritic score of animals given pravastatin before CIA induction was similar to that of the nonstatin controls, whereas the other groups that received statins showed higher arthritic scores. Atorvastatin administration, especially before CIA induction, increased anti-CII autoantibody production. IL-2 and IL-17 production by lymph node and spleen cells was higher in CIA animals than in PBS controls, but was not affected by statin administration. While IFN?? production was not affected by CIA induction, atorvastatin administration before CIA induction increased the production of this cytokine.Conclusion
These data support previous results from our observational studies, indicating a role for statins in the induction of autoimmunity. 相似文献54.
Edith HC Cup Astrid Kinébanian Ton Satink Allan J Pieterse Henk T Hendricks Rob AB Oostendorp Gert Jan van der Wilt Baziel GM van Engelen 《BMC neurology》2011,11(1):86
Background
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MD1) is one of the most prevalent neuromuscular diseases, yet very little is known about how MD1 affects the lives of couples and how they themselves manage individually and together. To better match health care to their problems, concerns and needs, it is important to understand their perspective of living with this hereditary, systemic disease. 相似文献55.
We developed a new and simple method to collect sections of a whole brown rice kernel for investigation of histological properties. A single kernel of rice was dehydrated through a graded ethanol series, transferred to xylene, and embedded in paraffin. During sectioning of the blocks using a rotary microtome, we used a special adhesive tape to collect and place the sections on slides so they remained flat. The use of the adhesive tape technique combined with autofluorescence characteristics allowed us to visualize cell walls throughout an entire longitudinal or transverse section of a whole rice kernel. We obtained scanning electron microscopy images of the sections to determine section quality. 相似文献
56.
Mark van den Boogaard Rachel PL van Swelm Frans GM Russel Suzanne Heemskerk Johannes G van der Hoeven Rosalinde Masereeuw Peter Pickkers 《Proteome science》2011,9(1):13
Background
Suitable biomarkers associated with the development of delirium are still not known. Urinary proteomics has successfully been applied to identify novel biomarkers associated with various disease states, but its value has not been investigated in delirium patients. 相似文献57.
Eliane R Popa Coen A Stegeman Cees GM Kallenberg Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert 《Arthritis research & therapy》2001,4(2):77-3
Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a form of systemic vasculitis. It is characterized by granulomatous inflammation in the upper and lower airways, vasculitis and necrotizing glomerulonephritis, and is strongly associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies against proteinase 3. Since the etiology of the disease is not clear, treatment, consisting of corticosteroids and immunosuppressives, is nonspecific and associated with severe side effects. Pinpointing the trigger(s) of the disease would highly improve treatment. Clinical evidence shows that an infectious agent, the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, is a risk factor for disease relapse, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of WG. Here we review both clinical and experimental data that either indicate or support a role for S. aureus in WG. 相似文献
58.
Stefan Liebminger Anita Eberl Fernanda Sousa Sonja Heumann Gudrun Fischer-Colbrie Artur Cavaco-Paulo Georg M. Guebitz 《Biocatalysis and Biotransformation》2007,25(2):171-177
A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) model substrate, bis-(benzoyloxyethyl)terephthalate (3PET), was used to screen for micro-organisms producing enzymes hydrolyzing PET. From this screen, a strain growing on 3PET was isolated and identified as Penicillium citrinum. The polyesterase responsible for 3PET and PET hydrolysis was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The polyesterase had a molecular weight of 14.1 kDa, and the Km and Kcat values on 4-nitrophenyl butyrate were 0.57 mM and 0.21 s-1, respectively. Highest enzyme activities were obtained when P. citrinum was grown on a medium containing cutin, which was hydrolyzed by the polyesterase. Surface hydrolysis of PET with the enzyme lead to an increase in hydrophilicity based on rising height (+5.1 cm) and drop dissipation measurements (55 s). Both from PET and 3PET bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthalate and mono-(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthalate were released, while only low amounts of terephthalic acid were liberated. 相似文献
59.
Alexandre ONeill Rita Araújo Margarida Casal Georg Guebitz Artur Cavaco-Paulo 《Enzyme and microbial technology》2007,40(7):1801-1805
The effect of agitation on adsorption, desorption and hydrolytic efficiency of a native and a genetically modified cutinase (L182A) on polyethylene terephthalate fibres is reported in this paper. The effect of mechanical agitation was studied using a shaker bath with orbital agitation and a Rotawash machine with vertical agitation with and without extra steel discs inside the reaction pots. The results obtained indicate that mechanical agitation combined with enzymatic action enhances the adsorption and activity of cutinases towards PET (polyethylene terephthalate) fibres. L182A showed higher adsorption than the native enzyme for all the levels of mechanical agitation. Lower units of L182A lead to similar yields of terephthalic acid formed in all levels of mechanical agitation. The highest increase of hydroxyl surface groups was found for the genetically modified L182A at the lowest level of mechanical agitation with a shaker bath. These results indicate that enzymatic functionalization of PET is favoured with a process with lower levels of mechanical agitation. 相似文献
60.
Suzanne Arends Marianne Hofman Yvo PT Kamsma Eveline van der Veer Pieternella M Houtman Cees GM Kallenberg Anneke Spoorenberg Elisabeth Brouwer 《Arthritis research & therapy》2013,15(4):R99