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31.
Gastón Gordillo 《American anthropologist》2002,104(1):262-277
In this article, I examine how hegemonic fields and the forms of contention they generate are active forces in the production of places. I focus my analysis on an indigenousgroupof the Argentinean Chaco, theTobaof the Pilcomayo River, and their recent struggles to gain control over the municipality of the region, locally known as la comuna. I examine how these struggles reproduce and simultaneously contest forms of state hegemony and, in so doing, define the contours of la comuna in tension with another place: the surrounding bush where the Toba focus their hunting and gathering practices. Because of the hegemonic values that inform these struggles, I argue that in this process the bush is being reconfigured in a contradictory way: on the one hand, as a locality gradually undermined by the influence of productivist discourses and, on the other hand, as a place of autonomy from "the government" This tense spatial configuration, in turn, informs Toba political discourses and practices. A central point of this article is that hegemony has spatial dimensions that are crucial in the unfolding of processes of ideological domination, accommodation, and resistance. {Key words: hegemony, place, ethnic politics, Argentina. Gran Chaco, Toba] 相似文献
32.
Background
The foodborne, gram-positive pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, is capable of causing lethal infections in compromised individuals. In the post genomic era of L. monocytogenes research, techniques are required to identify and validate genes involved in the pathogenicity and environmental biology of the organism. The aim here was to develop a widely applicable method to tag L. monocytogenes strains, with a particular emphasis on the development of multiple strain competitive index assays. 相似文献33.
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35.
Acid α-glucosidase (GAA) is a lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyzes glycogen to glucose. Deficiency of GAA causes Pompe disease. Mammalian GAA is synthesized as a precursor of ~ 110,000 Da that is N-glycosylated and targeted to the lysosome via the M6P receptors. In the lysosome, human GAA is sequentially processed by proteases to polypeptides of 76-, 19.4-, and 3.9-kDa that remain associated. Further cleavage between R200 and A204 inefficiently converts the 76-kDa polypeptide to the mature 70-kDa form with an additional 10.4-kDa polypeptide. GAA maturation increases its affinity for glycogen by 7-10 fold. In contrast to human GAA, processing of bovine and hamster GAA to the 70-kDa form is more rapid. A comparison of sequences surrounding the cleavage site revealed human GAA contains histidine at 201 while other species contain hydrophobic amino acids at position 201 in the otherwise conserved sequence. Recombinant human GAA (rhGAA) containing the H201L substitution was expressed in 293 T cells by transfection. Pulse chase experiments in 293 T cells expressing rhGAA with or without the H201L substitution revealed rapid processing of rhGAAH201L but not rhGAAWT to the 70-kDa form. Similarly, when GAA precursor was endocytosed by human Pompe fibroblasts rhGAAH201L but not rhGAAWT was rapidly converted to the 70-kDa mature GAA. These studies indicate that the amino acid at position 201 influences the rate of conversion of 76-kDa GAA to 70-kDa GAA. The GAA sequence rather than the lysosomal protease environment explains the predominance of the 76-kDa form in human tissues. 相似文献
36.
Savita Khanna Sabyasachi Biswas Yingli Shang Eric Collard Ali Azad Courtney Kauh Vineet Bhasker Gayle M. Gordillo Chandan K. Sen Sashwati Roy 《PloS one》2010,5(3)
Background
Chronic inflammation is a characteristic feature of diabetic cutaneous wounds. We sought to delineate novel mechanisms involved in the impairment of resolution of inflammation in diabetic cutaneous wounds. At the wound-site, efficient dead cell clearance (efferocytosis) is a pre-requisite for the timely resolution of inflammation and successful healing.Methodology/Principal Findings
Macrophages isolated from wounds of diabetic mice showed significant impairment in efferocytosis. Impaired efferocytosis was associated with significantly higher burden of apoptotic cells in wound tissue as well as higher expression of pro-inflammatory and lower expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Observations related to apoptotic cell load at the wound site in mice were validated in the wound tissue of diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Forced Fas ligand driven elevation of apoptotic cell burden at the wound site augmented pro-inflammatory and attenuated anti-inflammatory cytokine response. Furthermore, successful efferocytosis switched wound macrophages from pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory mode.Conclusions/Significance
Taken together, this study presents first evidence demonstrating that diabetic wounds suffer from dysfunctional macrophage efferocytosis resulting in increased apoptotic cell burden at the wound site. This burden, in turn, prolongs the inflammatory phase and complicates wound healing. 相似文献37.
We present simulation results on a simple model to describe the hydrogen bonding in proteins with helical structures. The approximation distinguishes between ! helices, where each amino acid interacts with another one located four residues apart, 3 10 structures, where the number of amino acids in between is three, and the ? arrangement, in which that number is five. We found that the main features of the system are determined by the most stable structure (the ! helix) and that the other type of hydrogen bonds appears just below the denaturation temperature of the peptide. The probability of finding a 3 10 -type bond is greater at the beginning or at the end of the peptide chain, irrespectively of its length, while in short peptides the existence of those bonds increases appreciably the denaturation temperature, promoting stability. On the other hand, the temperature of denaturation decreases with the length of the peptide to reach a value independent of the number of amino acid residues. 相似文献
38.
Francisco J.L. Gordillo Carlos Jimnez Madeleine Goutx Xavier Niell 《Journal of plant physiology》2001,158(3)
Lipid class composition was analysed in the green macroalga Ulva rigida grown under normal (350 ppm) and high (10,000 ppm) CO2 levels, and in nitrate saturated and nitrogen limited conditions. A new protocol for the extraction of lipids has been defined. Culture conditions altered the fate of assimilated carbon, and significant changes were observed in protein and total lipid content in particular. A CO2-enriched atmosphere conditioned the effects of nitrogen limitation on lipid class composition, revealing deep qualitative changes in carbon metabolism. Triglycerides accumulated at high CO2 and under nitrogen limitation, while chloroplast-related lipids showed an inverse response. Changes in phospholipids could be related to carbon availability as they did not respond to nitrogen limitation. The ratio sterols/acetone-mobile polar lipids followed a negative linear relation with the optimum quantum yield for photosynthetic electron transport (Fv/Fm), and was considered as an index of the «light status» of the cell. The specificity of the response of lipid classes to growth conditions in U. rigida emphasizes the potential role of lipid class analyses as a diagnostic tool for environmental stress. 相似文献
39.
Alejandra Rumi Diego Eduardo Gutiérrez Gregoric Néstor Landoni Javiera Cárdenas Mancilla Sandra Gordillo Jorge Gonzalez 《Molluscan research.》2015,35(3):143-152
The Glacidorbidae, a family restricted to the Gondwanan realm (Tasmania, southeastern and southwestern Australia, and southern Argentina and Chile), previously included five genera with 20 identified species; 19 of them are Australian, with one genus and species, Gondwanorbis magallanicus (Meier-Brook & Smith, 1976), from South America. Here we describe two new species of Gondwanorbis: Gondwanorbis fueguensis n. sp. from the freshwater gastropods province of Southern Patagonia (Argentina) and Gondwanorbis tricarinatus n. sp. from Chile, and a new genus and species from the freshwater gastropods province of northern Patagonia (Argentina), Patagonorbis nahuelhuapensis n. sp and n. gen.http://www./zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:62EA0972-3AEF-4188-8E6D-F10895CE2BEF 相似文献
40.
López-Kleine L Torres-Avilés F Tejedor FH Gordillo LA 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2012,93(5):2091-2098
Interesting biological information as, for example, gene expression data (microarrays), can be extracted from publicly available
genomic data. As a starting point in order to narrow down the great possibilities of wet lab experiments, global high throughput
data and available knowledge should be used to infer biological knowledge and emit biological hypothesis. Here, based on microarray
data, we propose the use of cluster and classification methods that have become very popular and are implemented in freely
available software in order to predict the participation in virulence mechanisms of different proteins coded by genes of the
pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. Confidence of predictions is based on classification errors of known genes and repetitive prediction by more than three
methods. A special emphasis is done on the nonlinear kernel classification methods used. We propose a list of interesting
candidates that could be virulence factors or that participate in the virulence process of S. pyogenes. Biological validations should start using this list of candidates as they show similar behavior to known virulence factors. 相似文献