青藏高原东缘半湿润沙地典型生态恢复模式的效果比较研究

草地退化与沙化直接影响草地生态系统的功能与服务,植被恢复是沙地恢复治理的重要方式之一,但是探究沙化草地典型生态恢复模式的恢复效果及模式优化研究不足。以野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,以重度沙化草地为对照（CK）,比较研究了青藏高原东缘沙地三种典型生态恢复模式（围栏封育（Fencing enclosure,FE）、布设高山柳沙障（Salix cupularis sandy barrier,SCSB）、布设高山柳沙障+种草（Salix cupularis sandy barrier plus planting grasses,SCSBPPG））对草本植物群落和土壤理化性质的影响。结果显示：（1）与CK相比,FE的地上草本盖度、生物量、Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Weiner多样性指数分别显著提高了13.54倍、13倍、3.09倍和1.80倍,且SCSBPPG的这些指标分别显著提高了11.24倍、10.50倍、1.05倍和0.83倍（P < 0.05）,而SCSB对以上指标影响均不显著。（2）三种典型生态恢复模式对沙地的土壤容重无显著影响,而三种典型生态恢复模式0-10 cm、10-20 cm和20-30 cm土层土壤含水量变化规律一致（SCSBPPG > FE > SCSB）,且SCSBPPG和FE的0-10 cm土层土壤含水量的增加最明显,分别为244.90%、176.92%（P < 0.05）,而SCSB土壤含水量相较于CK无显著差异。（3）该研究区的pH在5.74-6.21之间,FE和SCSBPPG较CK显著降低了0-30 cm各土层土壤pH（P < 0.05）。此外,三种生态恢复模式0-30 cm各土层土壤有机质、全N、全P、全K含量递减变化规律为FE > SCSBPPG > SCSB,FE和SCSBPPG各土层土壤有机质、全N、全P均高于CK,且都在土层10-20 cm增幅最大,FE的最大增幅分别为243.62%、93.94%、68.97%,SCSBPPG的最大增幅分别为118.46%、45.45%、41.38%,而SCSB显著降低了各土层土壤有机质、全N和全P量（P < 0.05）。因此,在青藏高原高寒轻度沙化草地围栏封育有利于其恢复,而重度沙化草地的生态恢复需采用植灌和种草结合的模式。研究结果可为沙地的恢复治理和可持续管理提供依据。     

毛竹和雷竹地下系统结构及生物力学性质

利用植物稳定山体边坡是一种环保、经济、可持续的生物工程措施,符合生态文明建设新理念。以亚热带典型散生竹种毛竹和雷竹地下系统结构为研究对象,描述毛竹和雷竹根系在土壤中的空间分布状况,探究影响毛竹和雷竹地下系统生物力学性质的因素。结果表明:随着土层的深入,3个径级的毛竹和雷竹根系长度和体积所占比重均表现出逐渐减少的趋势,0—40 cm土层中集中了80%以上的根系。毛竹和雷竹径级D≤1 mm根系占全部根系长度的比重均为最大,大小依次为雷竹鞭根(83.62%)雷竹竹根(80.46%)毛竹鞭根(75.70%)毛竹竹根(70.45%),毛竹径级D≥2mm根系体积所占比重最大,分别为竹根78.73%和鞭根70.23%,雷竹径级D≥2mm(43.60%)和D=1—2mm(39.76%)竹根体积比例相当,径级D=1—2mm鞭根体积为最大(50.78%);毛竹和雷竹不同生长阶段竹鞭抗拉强度和弹性模量之间均存在显著差异,中龄竹鞭抗拉强度显著高于幼龄和老龄,而中龄竹鞭的弹性模量显著低于幼龄和老龄,说明生长阶段是影响竹鞭抗拉强度和弹性模量的因素;饱和含水率条件下,毛竹和雷竹根系抗拉强度与直径呈负幂函数关系,12%含水率条件下,毛竹鞭根和雷竹竹根抗拉强度和直径仍然呈负幂函数关系,毛竹竹根和雷竹鞭根抗拉强度和直径关系不显著。毛竹和雷竹地下系统抗剪切强度与干物质量均呈幂函数关系,毛竹抗剪切强度增加趋势高于雷竹。     

阿尔泰山萨彦岭4种优势树种径向生长对气候因子的响应

气候变化深刻地影响森林树木的生长,而树种对气候变化敏感度的差异可能影响了气候变化下的森林生态系统响应。因此,研究优势树种间生长对气候变化的敏感度差异,对正确认识气候变化下林分生长动态及分布格局十分重要。基于树木年代学的方法,研究了阿尔泰山萨彦岭西伯利亚落叶松（Larix sibirica）、西伯利亚红松（Pinus sibirica）、西伯利亚冷杉（Abies sibirica）以及西伯利亚云杉（Picea obovata）4种优势树种的径向生长-气候关系。结果显示：（1）西伯利亚冷杉径向生长与上一年10-11月、当年1-9月的干旱指数、2-4月的降水显著正相关,与1月的平均温和最高温呈显著负相关关系,与当年4、6月份的水汽压正相关;（2）西伯利亚落叶松径向生长与上一年8月和当年8月的平均温、最高温以及当年8月的最低温显著负相关,而与当年6月的最低温则正相关,与8月份的水汽压显著负相关;（3）西伯利亚红松径向生长与3月降水、7月最低温、上一年10月的水汽压显著正相关;（4）西伯利亚云杉径向生长与6月平均温、最高温、水汽压正相关,与上一年10-11月、当年2-4月和9月的干旱指数正相关,同时与3、4月的降水量显著正相关。西伯利亚冷杉和西伯利亚云杉、西伯利亚云杉和西伯利亚落叶松、西伯利亚云杉和西伯利亚红松对于特定气候因子表现出相似的响应结果,与年表间相关性的结果一致。但差异也是明显的,西伯利亚冷杉和西伯利亚云杉对区域水分变化敏感,而西伯利亚落叶松和西伯利亚红松主要对区域温度变化敏感。综上所述,气候变化下,该区域优势树种对气候变化响应的差异可能导致区域林分动态和格局的改变,因此,多树种径向生长-气候关系研究有助于正确反映森林动态。研究结果可以为区域森林管理与生态保护工作提供理论依据。     

新生儿胆汁淤积症患儿肠道菌群与分娩方式及喂养方式的关系

目的分析新生儿胆汁淤积症患儿肠道菌群特征及其与分娩方式、喂养方式的关系。方法选择2018年6月至2019年6月我院收治的40例新生儿胆汁淤积症患儿作为观察组,选择同期入院的120例健康新生儿作为对照组,比较两组对象肠道菌群分布情况。各组对象进一步按不同喂养方式分为母乳喂养组和混合喂养组,按不同分娩方式分为阴道分娩组和剖宫产组,分析各组新生儿肠道菌群与分娩方式、喂养方式的相关性。结果观察组新生儿粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量及双歧杆菌/大肠埃希菌值[(7.53±0.57)lg copies/g、(8.12±0.71)lg copies/g、1.06±0.18]明显少于对照组[(9.58±0.64)lg copies/g、(8.64±0.75)lg copies/g、1.39±0.22],大肠埃希菌数量[(7.28±0.85)lg copies/g]明显多于对照组[(6.81±0.63)lg copies/g]。观察组中,阴道分娩与剖宫产分娩患儿粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠埃希菌数量及双歧杆菌/大肠埃希菌值差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组中,母乳喂养与混合喂养新生儿粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠埃希菌数量及双歧杆菌/大肠埃希菌值差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论新生儿胆汁淤积症患儿肠道菌群存在异常,且受到分娩方式和喂养方式的影响。     

解磷菌对设施土壤金属元素有效含量及黄瓜秧苗金属元素吸收量的影响

通过向设施土壤中添加解磷菌和秸秆,达到活化土壤中作物所需金属元素的含量,促进作物对中微量元素吸收的目的。试验设置对照、秸秆、解磷菌、解磷菌+秸秆4个处理,在不同时间测试土壤及秧苗中钙、镁、铜、铁、锌等的含量,确定解磷菌及秸秆对设施土壤金属元素含量及黄瓜秧苗吸收量的影响。试验结果表明,秸秆、解磷菌、秸秆+解磷菌处理能明显增加黄瓜秧苗吸收钙、镁、铁、铜的能力,对锌的吸收没有影响,其中秸秆+解磷菌处理对黄瓜秧苗吸收钙、镁、铜影响最大,促进作用分别达到6.26%、8.25%和11.57%,3种处理对设施土壤中有效钙、镁、铁的含量没有影响,但是能明显提高土壤中有效铜、锌的含量,盛果后期有效铜含量分别比对照提高12.19%、15.41%、16.49%,盛果后期有效锌含量分别比对照区提高38.8%、33.26%、56.81%。     

Migration sources and pathways of the pest species Sogatella furcifera in Yunnan,China, and across the border inferred from DNA and wind analyses

The migration sources and pathways of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) in topologically complex regions like Yunnan, China, and adjacent montane areas have long been a challenging task and a bottleneck in effective pest forecast and control. The present research reinvestigated this issue using a combination of mtDNA and long‐term historical wind field data in an attempt to provide new insights. Genetic analyses showed that the 60 populations of S. furcufera collected across Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan lack genetic structure and geographic isolation, while spatial analysis of haplotype and diversity indices discovered geographic relevance between populations. Migration rate analysis combined with high‐resolution 10‐year wind field analysis detected the following migration sources, pathways, and impacted areas which could explain the outbreak pattern in Yunnan. (a) Dominating stepwise northward migrations originated from northern Indochina, southern Yunnan, and central‐eastern Yunnan, impacting their northern areas. (b) Concurring summer–autumn southward (return) migration originated from nearly all latitude belts of Sichuan and Yunnan mainly impacting central and southern Yunnan. (c) Regular eastward and summer–autumn westward migrations across Yunnan. The northward migration reflects the temporal rhythm of gradual outbreaks from the south to the north in a year, while the return migration may explain the repeated or very severe outbreaks in the impacted areas. To form a better pest forecast and control network, attention must also be paid to the northern part of Yunnan to suppress the impact of return migration in summers and autumns.     

Rice calli may decelerate its metabolism to adapt hormone free medium

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - This report focuses on the crucial role of lipids and starch metabolism in the growth and ultrastructure of the cell wall (CW) in rice calli....     

Integrative hormone and transcriptome analysis underline the role of abscisic acid in seed shattering of weedy rice

Plant Growth Regulation - Weedy rice is one of the most severe weeds in paddy fields, characterized by its high degree of seed shattering. Abscisic acid (ABA) serves as an abscission-accelerating...     

Reliable Method for Fabricating Tissue‐Mimicking Materials With Designated Relative Permittivity and Conductivity at 128 MHz

Artificial materials that can simultaneously mimic the relative permittivity and conductivity of various human tissues are usually used in medical applications. However, the method of precisely designing these materials with designated values of both relative permittivity and conductivity at 3 T MRI resonance frequency is lacking. In this study, a reliable method is established to determine the compositions of artificial dielectric materials with designated relative permittivity and conductivity at 128 MHz. Sixty dielectric materials were produced using oil, sodium chloride, gelatin, and deionized water as the main raw materials. The dielectric properties of these dielectric materials were measured using the open‐ended coaxial line method at 128 MHz. Nonlinear least‐squares Marquardt–Levenberg algorithm was used to obtain the formula, establishing the relationship between the compositions of the dielectric materials and their dielectric properties at 128 MHz. The dielectric properties of the blood, gall bladder, muscle, skin, lung, and bone at 128 MHz were selected to verify the reliability of the obtained formula. For the obtained formula, the coefficient of determination and the expanded uncertainties with a coverage factor of k = 2 were 0.991% and 4.9% for relative permittivity and 0.992% and 6.4% for conductivity. For the obtained artificial materials measured using the open‐ended coaxial line method, the maximal difference of relative permittivity and conductivity were 1.0 and 0.02 S/m, respectively, with respect to the designated values. In conclusion, the compositions of tissue‐mimicking material can be quickly determined after the establishment of the formulas with the expanded uncertainties of less than 10%. Bioelectromagnetics. 2021;42:86–94. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.