松毛虫雌性信息素的研究与应用

目前,在我国对松林危害最严重的害虫主要有马尾松毛虫Dendrolimnspunctatus(Walker)、落叶松毛虫D.superaus(Butler)、油松毛虫D.tabulaeformisTsaietLiu、赤松毛虫D.spectabilis(Butler)、思茅松毛虫D.kikuchiiMatsumura、云南松毛虫D.houiLajonqui埁re等。综述6种松毛虫的雌性信息素的成分鉴定、合成、EAG反应,人工合成雌性信息素的田间活性测定,性诱剂在林间的设置技术及种群监测等应用。     

植物绿叶粗蛋白在SDS-PAGE中向负极泳动的富含苯丙氨酸的碱性蛋白的测定

提取菜心(BrassicacampestrisL.ssp.chinensis(L.)Makinovar.utillisTsenetLee)和生菜(LactucasativaL.)绿叶粗蛋白,经SDS-变性后作醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳,证实这两种蔬菜含有分别向负极泳动和向正极泳动的蛋白。菜心绿叶粗蛋白经SDS-PAGE电泳后,从负极电泳缓冲液中获得向负极泳动的蛋白,其苯丙氨酸含量为57.05%,碱性/酸性氨基酸残基的比例为3.04,表明是富含苯丙氨酸的碱性蛋白。     

氧化型胆固醇诱导血管细胞凋亡的机制

氧化型胆固醇（Ch—Ox）能诱导血管细胞凋亡,它是氧化低密度脂蛋白诱导细胞凋亡的主要活性成分之一,在动脉粥样硬化的形成过程中起重要作用。本文综合目前Ch—Ox的细胞毒性作用的研究进展,讨论了Ch-Ox诱导细胞凋亡的可能机制,并对凋亡的两种可能途径及信号转导进行分析,认为Ch-Ox通过线粒体途径诱导细胞凋亡已得到大量研究结果的证明;而通过死亡受体途径的可能性仍有待于进一步研究;胞内钙离子浓度的升高是Ch—Ox诱导细胞凋亡的早期信号转导事件;活性氧在Ch-Ox诱导细胞凋亡过程中也可能作为第二信使发挥重要作用。     

中国刺蕊草属(唇形科)植物一新记录种

报道了中国唇形科(Lamiaceae)刺蕊草属一新记录种--香薷状刺蕊草(Pogostemon elsholtzioides Benth.),该种在中国产于西藏墨脱县,凭证标本保存在PE。该种在喜马拉雅地区分布广泛,与特产于云南西北部地区的狭叶刺蕊草(P. dielsianus Dunn)的主要区别为：花萼钟形,长3~3.5 mm,花萼齿长为花萼筒的1/3~1/2,花冠长约4.5 mm。     

脊髓背角Ⅱ板层长时程增强诱导及维持过程中的突触形态计量学研究

本研究和体视学方法探讨了在C纤维诱发电位长时程增强(long—-term potentiation,LTP)的诱导及维持过程中的脊髓背角Ⅱ板层的突触形念变化。结果显示(1)在LTP形成后30min,Ⅱ板层内的突触后致密物质(postsynaptic density,PSD)增厚,突触间隙增宽;(2)在LTP形成后3h,PSD厚度、突触间隙宽度及突触界面曲率都有明显增加;(3)在LTP诱导和维持全过程中,总突触的数密度比对照组有明显增高。(4)在LTP形成后3h和5h,穿孔性突触的数密度与对照组比较有明显增高。上述结果显示：PSD增厚是LTP诱导阶段的主要形态学变化。突触界面曲率增人及穿孔突触数目增多是LTP维持阶段的主要形态学基础。     

Expression of Smad2 and Smad4, transforming growth factor-beta signal transducers in rat endometrium during the estrous cycle, pre-, and peri-implantation

SMADs are intracellular signaling molecules that transmit signals elicited by members of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. To decipher the mechanism of TGF-β signaling during the estrous cycle and implantation, we performed in situ hybridization to investigate the expression patterns of mRNAs for Smad2 and Smad4 in rat endometrium during the estrous cycle and on Days 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5 of pregnancy. Intense epithelial expression of Smad2 mRNA at diestrus and proestrus was reduced at estrus and metaestrus, while Smad4 maintained its constitutive expression during the estrous cycle. During pre-implantation, both Smads were accumulated in the luminal epithelium and the glandular epithelium. Contrary to the dramatic Smad4 expression, Smad2 was highly down-regulated on Day 2.5 and was increased on Day 3.5. During peri-implantation, both Smads were expressed in the luminal epithelium, subepithelial stroma, and the primary decidual zone. Smad4 was down-modulated on Day 5.5. These results suggest that (a) both Smads are involved in the tissue remodeling of cycling and pregnant rat uteri; (b) TGF-β signaling functions mainly in the epithelium during pre-implantation and Smad2 is involved in the endometrial switch from the neutral phase to the receptive phase; (c) TGF-β signaling is down-regulated at the time when trophoblast invasion begins and both Smads are involved in the formation of the primary decidual zone.     

Mn-SOD对CHO细胞电离辐射敏感性的影响

近年来的研究发现,IL-1和TNF是重要的辐射防护因子,因IL-1和TNF都能选择性诱导Mn-SOD的高度表达,因此认为Mn-SOD可能有辐射防护作用.通过转染有义和反义Mn-SOD cDNA于CHO细胞,进一步说明了Mn-SOD在抗电离辐射损伤中的作用.研究表明,转染有义Mn-SOD cDNA可降低细胞对电离辐射的敏感性, 而转染反义Mn-SOD cDNA的细胞克隆对电离辐射的敏感性升高.     

GISH and BAC-FISH study of apomictic Beta M14

Apomixis is a means of asexual reproduction by which plants produce embryos without fertilization and meiosis, therefore the embryo is of clonal and maternal origin. Interspecific hybrids between diploid B. vulgaris (2n=2x=18) and tetraploid B. corolliflora (2n=4x=36) were established, and then backcrossed with B. vulgaris. Among their offspring, monosomic addition line M14 (2n=2x=18+1) was selected because of the apomictic phenotype. We documented chromosome transmission from B. corolliflora into M14 by using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Suppression of cross-hybridization by blocking DNA was not necessary, indicating that the investigated Beta genome contains sufficient species-specific DNA, thus enabling the determination of genomic composition of the hybrids. We analyzed BAC microarrays of B. corolliflora chromosome 9 by using fluorescence-specific mRNA of B.vulgaris and Beta M14. BAC clones 16-M11 and 26-L15 were detected as fluorescence-specifics of BAC DNA of Beta M14. Then both BAC clones 16-M11 and 26-L15 were in situ hybridized to M14 chromosomes. The two hybridized BAC clones were located close to the telomere region of the long arm of a single chromosome 9, and showed hemizygosity. The results of BAC microarrays showed that these developments of embryo and endosperm have conservative expression patterns, indicating that sexual reproduction and apomixis have an interrelated pathway with common regulatory components and that the induction of a modified sexual reproduction program may enable the manifestation of apomixis in Beta species. It would be sufficient for the expression of apomixes with those apomictic-specific genes on chromosome 9 of B. corolliflora.     

雅砻江短须裂腹鱼胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼的形态发育

当前短须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax wangchiachii)已被列为雅砻江和金沙江的增殖放流保护鱼类,为探讨两水系的环境差异对其早期发育产生的影响,本文以雅砻江短须裂腹鱼为研究对象,通过人工授精获得受精卵,对胚胎和早期仔鱼的形态发育特征进行了观察,并与已有报道的金沙江短须裂腹鱼胚胎与仔鱼早期发育研究进行比较。研究结果显示,雅砻江短须裂腹鱼卵径(2.70±0.02)mm,较金沙江短须裂腹鱼大0.34 mm;初孵仔鱼全长(11.36±0.22)mm,比金沙江短须裂腹鱼长2.7 mm;在水温(14±1)℃时,两水系的短须裂腹鱼胚胎发育时序基本一致,但听囊等部分功能器官的发育时序存在差异;胚胎发育历时181 h,积温2 539.98 h℃,分别比金沙江短须裂腹鱼早73 h和低1 025 h℃;出膜后1~9 d,仔鱼的鳃、口、胸鳍、尾鳍、鳔、肠道等功能器官先后形成,第9天卵黄囊吸收基本完全,与金沙江短须裂腹鱼一致。比较表明,两水系短须裂腹鱼早期发育特征基本相同,但卵径大小、孵化历时、部分器官发育时序存在一定差异,可能是二者为适应环境而做出不同的选择。     

藏北尼阿木底遗址发现的似阿舍利石器——兼论晚更新世人类向青藏高原的扩张

2013年夏,在藏北那曲地区申扎县羌塘高原旧石器调查中,从规模恢弘的尼阿木底遗址地表暴露的、数以万计的石制品中,分别采集到似阿舍利类型"手斧"9件和"薄刃斧"2件。本文对尼阿木底遗址所见的这类器物进行了细致的观察与分析,认为它们只是旧石器时代晚期勒瓦娄哇技术产品的石核,或偶尔为之的、与手斧和薄刃斧形似的石制品,并非真正意义上的手斧与薄刃斧。尼阿木底遗址不存在从选料、剥片、加工出成品,到使用、损坏和废弃等各个阶段的、明确的阿舍利类型石器工业产品生产体系的工艺链条,换言之,在尼阿木底生活的古人脑海中,并不存在一个加工阿舍利类型手斧和薄刃斧等工具的"概念模板"(Mental template)。联系到青藏高原其他地区以前所报道的同类材料,我们认为在青藏高原腹地目前所见的旧石器遗址中,还没有真正意义上的阿舍利石器工业类型的遗存。晚更新世末期时,来自于印巴次大陆方向的早期占领者,沿着喜马拉雅山脉、冈底斯山脉和昆仑山脉三条东西走向的巨大山系之间的通道,自高原西南方向开始向高原腹地扩张,其间阿舍利石器工业技术在非洲和欧亚大陆早已消弭,当时的青藏高原腹地并不具备重新产生该类石器工业技术的土壤。