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101.
Dhivya Kumar Addison Rains Vicente Herranz-Prez Quanlong Lu Xiaoyu Shi Danielle L. Swaney Erica Stevenson Nevan J. Krogan Bo Huang Christopher Westlake Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo Bradley K. Yoder Jeremy F. Reiter 《The Journal of cell biology》2021,220(9)
Cells inherit two centrioles, the older of which is uniquely capable of generating a cilium. Using proteomics and superresolved imaging, we identify a module that we term DISCO (distal centriole complex). The DISCO components CEP90, MNR, and OFD1 underlie human ciliopathies. This complex localizes to both distal centrioles and centriolar satellites, proteinaceous granules surrounding centrioles. Cells and mice lacking CEP90 or MNR do not generate cilia, fail to assemble distal appendages, and do not transduce Hedgehog signals. Disrupting the satellite pools does not affect distal appendage assembly, indicating that it is the centriolar populations of MNR and CEP90 that are critical for ciliogenesis. CEP90 recruits the most proximal known distal appendage component, CEP83, to root distal appendage formation, an early step in ciliogenesis. In addition, MNR, but not CEP90, restricts centriolar length by recruiting OFD1. We conclude that DISCO acts at the distal centriole to support ciliogenesis by restraining centriole length and assembling distal appendages, defects in which cause human ciliopathies. 相似文献
102.
The control of cell cycle progression has been studied in asynchronous cultures using image analysis and time lapse techniques. This approach allows determination of the cycle phase and signaling properties of individual cells, and avoids the need for synchronization. In past studies this approach demonstrated that continuous cell cycle progression requires the induction of cyclin D1 levels by Ras, and that this induction takes place during G2 phase. These studies were designed to understand how Ras could induce cyclin D1 levels only during G2 phase. First, in studies with a Ras-specific promoter and cellular migration we find that endogenous Ras is active in all cell cycle phases of actively cycling NIH3T3 cells. This suggests that cyclin D1 induction during G2 phase is not the result of Ras activation specifically during this cell cycle period. To confirm this suggestion oncogenic Ras, which is expected to be active in all cell cycle phases, was microinjected into asynchronous cells. The injected protein induced cyclin D1 levels rapidly, but only in G2 phase cells. We conclude that in the continuously cycling cell the targets of Ras activity are controlled by cell cycle phase, and that this phenomenon is vital to cell cycle progression. 相似文献
103.
J. K. Tomberlin G. C. Rains & M. R. Sanford 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2008,128(2):249-257
Classical conditioning, a form of associative learning, was first described in the vertebrate literature by Pavlov, but has since been documented for a wide variety of insects. Our knowledge of associative learning by insects began with Karl vonFrisch explaining communication among honeybees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Since then, the honey bee has provided us with much of what we understand about associative learning in insects and how we relate the theories of learning in vertebrates to insects. Fruit flies, moths, and parasitic wasps are just a few examples of other insects that have been documented with the ability to learn. A novel direction in research on this topic attempts to harness the ability of insects to learn for the development of biological sensors. Parasitic wasps, especially Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), have been conditioned to detect the odors associated with explosives, food toxins, and cadavers. Honeybees and moths have also been associatively conditioned to several volatiles of interest in forensics and national security. In some cases, handheld devices have been developed to harness the insects and observe conditioned behavioral responses to air samples in an attempt to detect target volatiles. Current research on the development of biological sensors with insects is focusing on factors that influence the learning and memory ability of arthropods as well as potential mathematical techniques for improving the interpretation of the behavioral responses to conditioned stimuli. Chemical detection devices using arthropod‐based sensing could be used in situations where trained canines cannot be used (such as toxic environments) or are unavailable, electronic devices are too expensive and/or not of sufficient sensitivity, and when conditioning to target chemicals must be done within minutes of detection. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief review of the development of M. croceipes as a model system for exploring associative learning for the development of biological sensors. 相似文献
104.
An apparatus was designed for simultaneous measurement of rates of N2 fixation estimated by C2H2-C2H4 assay (N2[C2H2] fixation) and NO3− absorption by roots of intact, nodulated soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). The principal design features include: (a) a gas-tight mist chamber in which nodulated roots can be exposed simultaneously to C2H2 in the gas phase and to a liquid phase containing NO3− sprayed in a fine mist; and (b) provision for sampling the gas phase for C2H4 determination, and the liquid phase for NO3− determination. 相似文献
105.
106.
D. M. Logue I. O. Abiola D. Rains N. W. Bailey M. Zuk W. H. Cade 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2010,277(1693):2571-2575
Prevailing models of animal communication assume that signalling during aggressive conflict mitigates the costs of fighting. We tested this assumption by staging dyadic encounters between male field crickets, Teleogryllus oceanicus, under three conditions: (i) both males could sing aggressive songs, (ii) neither male could sing, and (iii) one male could sing but the other could not. We conducted experiments on males from a Hawaiian population from Kauai that has recently evolved signal loss, and males from a Hawaiian population from the Big Island that has not. Among both populations, interactions between two silent males were characterized by higher levels of aggression than interactions involving one or two singing males. Because the level of aggression is strongly related to the cost of fighting, these data demonstrate that signalling mitigates the cost of fighting. In mixed trials, we found no statistically significant differences between the behaviour of calling and non-calling males in either population. We conclude that there is no evidence that the Kauai population exhibits special adaptations to alleviate the costs of signal loss. Finally, we found that males were much more likely to signal after their opponent''s retreat than after their own retreat. Aggressive song therefore meets the definition of a ‘victory display’. 相似文献
107.
108.
Parasitic Wasps Learn and Report Diverse Chemicals with Unique Conditionable Behaviors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Olson D.M.; Rains G.C.; Meiners T.; Takasu K.; Tertuliano M.; Tumlinson J.H.; Wackers F.L.; Lewis W.J. 《Chemical senses》2003,28(8):739
Chemical Senses, 28, 545549 Regrettably, an error occurred in Figure 3 of this 相似文献