PrPc介导的细胞信号转导

朊病毒病的发生是由于细胞正常朊蛋白PrPc转变成了异常构象的PrPc形式。PrPc的生理学功能目前尚不完全明确,可能与铜离子代谢、脂质摄取以及细胞信号传递有关。PrPc可以与小窝蛋白相互作用而活化Fyn非受体酪氨酸激酶从而引起下游信号通路的转导;可以作为受体与PrPc键合多肽结合后激活cAMP／PKA信号通路;以及引起细胞内钙离子浓度变化而活化信号通路。     

冬凌草中一个苯丙醇酯新化合物

通过多种色谱手段,从冬凌草95％乙醇提取物中分离得到一个新化合物。运用多种波谱技术（1D、2D—NMR和MS）,该新化合物鉴定为2-氨基-3-苯丙基2-苯甲酰氨基-3-利胆醇酯（苯丙醇酯）。     

蒺藜皂苷对动脉粥样硬化大鼠动脉壁ICAM-1、VCAM-1、PPARα、PPARγ基因表达的影响

观察全草蒺藜皂苷（tribu saponin from Tribulus terrestris,STT）对实验性动脉粥样硬化（atherosclerosis,AS）大鼠动脉壁中ICAM-1、VCAM-1、PPARα和PPARγ基因表达的影响,以探讨STT抗AS的机制。应用高脂饲料饮食配合注射维生素D,建立SD大鼠AS模型,并设立正常组、模型组、辛伐他汀组和蒺藜皂苷低、中、高剂量组。采用半定量RT-PCR的方法检测各组动物动脉壁中ICAM-1、VCAM-1、PPARα和PPARγ基因的表达,分析造模及各给药大鼠ICAM-1、VCAM-1、PPARα和PPARγ基因表达的变化。与正常组相比,模型组ICAM-1和VCAM-1基因的表达量明显增加（P〈0．01）,而PPARα和PPARγ基因的表达量明显降低（P〈0．01）;与模型组相比,辛伐他汀及各STT药均能降低ICAM-1和VCAM-1基因的表达量（P〈0．01～P〈0．05）,并能增加PPARα和PPARγ基因的表达量（P〈0．01）。提示STT能下调实验性AS大鼠动脉壁ICAM-1和VCAM-1基因的表达及上调PPARα和PPARγ基因表达,这可能是STT抗AS的作用机制之一。     

卫星搭载对甘草种子萌发中生理特性的影响

为探讨卫星搭载处理对甘草种子萌发中生理特性的影响,本文运用卫星搭载技术对甘草种子进行太空诱变处理,考察了卫星搭载后甘草种子（卫星1号,GF）在干旱胁迫条件下,萌发过程中的发芽率、胚根长势、可溶性蛋白变化以及过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活力,并与地面对照组种子（地面组,GN）进行了比较。结果表明,在干旱胁迫条件下（水势－1．0MPa）,飞行组种子的发芽率、胚根长势要高于地面对照组,其萌发过程中的过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活力也高于地面对照组。卫星搭载处理后,甘草种子的抗旱性能增强。     

不同开口饵料对西伯利亚鲟仔鱼生长、存活和体成分的影响

分别采用水丝蚓（Limnodrilus sp.）、卤虫无节幼体（Artemia nauplii）、枝角类（Moina sp.）和人工饲料饲养西伯利亚鲟仔鱼30 d,研究不同开口饵料对西伯利亚鲟仔鱼生长、存活率和体成分的影响.结果表明：卤虫无节幼体为西伯利亚鲟最适开口饵料,仔鱼的存活率最高（96.67%）; 投喂水丝蚓组生长速度最快;而人工饲料组生长速度明显低于其他组,且成活率最低.不同开口饵料组间仔鱼体成分差异显著,人工饲料组水分含量最高,且粗蛋白和粗灰分含量最低.采用卤虫无节幼体为西伯利亚鲟仔鱼开口饵料,然后采用水丝蚓进行强化培育,能获得较好的生长速度和存活率.     

中国厚厉螨科二新种(蜱螨亚纲,中气门亚目)(英文)

记述厚厉螨科2新种:长白厚厉螨Pachylaelaps changbaiensis sp.nov.和桓仁厚绥螨Pachyseius huanrenensis sp.nov.,模式标本保存于辽宁省沈阳农业大学植物保护学院.     

In Vitro Physiological Responses of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum to Exogenously Applied Syringic Acid

ABSTRACT. Plant–microbe interactions are often accompanied by allelochemicals, such as syringic acid, released from the host plant. To explore the role of phenolic acids released from crop host plants in response to pathogen invasion, we examined the allelopathic effect of an artificially applied syringic acid on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum . We demonstrated that the growth and the conidial germination rate of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum were stimulated at lower concentrations of syringic acid, though inhibited by higher dosage compared with control. The yield of fungus mycotoxin was increased from 60.9% to 561.5%. We conclude that syringic acid can be considered as a allelochemical inducer, stimulating the relative virulence factors of invading pathogens.     

Description of the Rare Marine Ciliate, Uronychia multicirrus Song, 1997 (Ciliophora; Euplotida) based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and SS rRNA Gene Sequence

ABSTRACT. A population of the marine euplotid ciliate, Uronychia multicirru s Song 1997 , found in the littoral zone of the Daya Bay, Guangdong, South China, was investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation method. This species is diagnosed by possessing a long row of ventral cirri, which has never been seen in all other known congeners. Divisional process, described based on protargol-impregnated specimens, is typical of the genus regarding its general pattern: (1) the oral primordia in both proter and opisthe develop de novo in two subcortical pouches, while the UM-anlage forms de novo (i.e. does not develop from the oral primordium); (2) five frontoventral-transverse (FVT)-cirral anlagen develop in a primary-mode on the cell surface, and almost all the cirri are derived from the FVT-anlagen, except the first frontal cirri, which are formed de novo in both dividers; (3) the species characteristic ventral row derives from the right-most FVT-anlage; (4) the parental structures do not take part in the construction of the marginal anlagen, and (5) the caudal cirri originate in the right-most two dorsal kineties in a multi-segmentation mode. The small subunit rRNA gene of U. multicirrus (GenBank accession number: EU267929) is 1,773 bp and differs by 0.9–1.41% from its closely related congeners.     

Discovery of three new species of Drosophila obscura species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Mount Kinabalu in Borneo

We describe three new species of the Drosophila obscura species group, D. hypercephala , D. hideakii and D. quadrangula Gao & Toda, spp. nov., all discovered from high altitudes (>1500 m) on Mt Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. These are the southernmost distribution records of the D. obscura group in the Oriental Region. The three new species are each morphologically similar to different species of the Old World D. obscura species subgroup. This suggests that they are descendants of different founder species that independently colonized the tropics from the subtropical or temperate zones during the glacial ages. The new species D. hypercephala is hypercephalic not only in males but also, although less distinct, in females, unlike other hypercephalic drosophilid species in which only males are hypercephalic. This new finding of a hypercephalic species from the subgenus Sophophora , of which species are relatively easy to culture in the laboratory and include the model species such as D. melanogaster and D. pseudoobscura , will promote genetic analyses on the development and the evolution of hypercephaly.     

Patt1, a novel protein acetyltransferase that is highly expressed in liver and downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma,enhances apoptosis of hepatoma cells

Protein acetylation is increasingly recognized as an important post-translational modification. Although a lot of protein acetyltransferases have been identified, a few putative acetyltransferases are yet to be studied. In this study, we identified a novel protein acetyltransferase, Patt1, which belongs to GNAT family. Patt1 exhibited histone acetyltransferase activity and auto-acetylation activity. Deletion and mutation analysis of the predicted acetyltransferase domain in Patt1 showed that the conserved Glu139 was an important residue for its protein acetyltransferase activity. Furthermore, we found that Patt1 was highly expressed in liver and significantly downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. In addition, we showed that overexpression of Patt1 enhanced the apoptosis of hepatoma cells dependent on its acetyltransferase activity, whereas knockdown of Patt1 significantly protected Chang liver cells from apoptosis. These data suggest that Patt1 might be involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, and could be served as a potential therapy target for hepatocellular carcinoma.