中国外来归化植物的编目现状及有关问题

在简要讨论外来植物相关定义的基础上, 对中国外来归化植物的调查和编目现状进行了概述; 并对近年发表的两篇文章中外来归化植物数据进行了订正。     

SGT1 is not required for plant LRR-RLK-mediated immunity

Plant immune signalling activated by the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or effector proteins is mediated by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat domain-containing receptors (NLRs), which often share cellular components and downstream responses. Many PRRs are leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs), which mostly perceive proteinaceous PAMPs. The suppressor of the G2 allele of skp1 (SGT1) is a core immune regulator required for the activation of NLR-mediated immunity. In this work, we examined the requirement of SGT1 for immune responses mediated by several LRR-RLKs in both Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis. Using complementary genetic approaches, we found that SGT1 is not limiting for early PRR-dependent responses or antibacterial immunity. We therefore conclude that SGT1 does not play a significant role in bacterial PAMP-triggered immunity.     

卵巢早衰患者血清抑制素B、抗苗勒管激素及性激素水平与子宫动脉血流参数的相关性研究

目的:探讨卵巢早衰(POF)患者血清抑制素B(INHB)、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)及性激素水平与子宫动脉血流参数的相关性。方法:选择2018年5月至2020年5月期间我院收治的126例POF患者(POF组)和同期于我院进行体检的85例健康女性志愿者(对照组)。检测所有研究对象血清INHB、AMH以及促黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)水平,经阴道多普勒超声检测子宫动脉血流参数[收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV),血流阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)]。Pearson相关性分析POF患者血清INHB、AMH、LH、FSH、E2水平与PSV、EDV、RI、PI的相关性。结果:POF组血清INHB、AMH、E2水平、PSV、EDV低于对照组(P<0.05),LH、FSH水平、RI、PI高于对照组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示POF患者血清INHB、AMH、E2水平与PSV、EDV呈正相关(P<0.05),与RI、PI呈负相关(P<0.05),LH、FSH与PSV、EDV呈负相关(P<0.05),与RI、PI呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:POF患者血清INHB、AMH、E2水平降低,LH、FSH水平升高,血清INHB、AMH和性激素与子宫动脉血流受限有关。     

Myostatin基因突变激发骨骼肌发育机制研究进展

肌肉生长抑制素基因（myostatin,MSTN）是骨骼肌发育的负调节因子,在不同物种中具有高度保守性。自然突变或通过基因编辑技术对该基因进行操作,均可以获得肌肉异常发达的动物个体。研究表明,MSTN基因突变可以通过多种调控途径影响肌肉发育过程。因此,从成肌细胞增殖、分化、蛋白质合成分解代谢、组蛋白修饰以及巨噬细胞极化等5个方面对MSTN突变促进肌肉发育的机理进行综述,以期为农业动物育种新材料生产及重大恶病质的治疗提供借鉴。     

Cross-scale quality assessment of a mechanistic cation exchange chromatography model

Cation exchange chromatography (CEX) is an essential part of most monoclonal antibody (mAb) purification platforms. Process characterization and root cause investigation of chromatographic unit operations are performed using scale down models (SDM). SDM chromatography columns typically have the identical bed height as the respective manufacturing-scale, but a significantly reduced inner diameter. While SDMs enable process development demanding less material and time, their comparability to manufacturing-scale can be affected by variability in feed composition, mobile phase and resin properties, or dispersion effects depending on the chromatography system at hand. Mechanistic models can help to close gaps between scales and reduce experimental efforts compared to experimental SDM applications. In this study, a multicomponent steric mass-action (SMA) adsorption model was applied to the scale-up of a CEX polishing step. Based on chromatograms and elution pool data ranging from laboratory- to manufacturing-scale, the proposed modeling workflow enabled early identification of differences between scales, for example, system dispersion effects or ionic capacity variability. A multistage model qualification approach was introduced to measure the model quality and to understand the model's limitations across scales. The experimental SDM and the in silico model were qualified against large-scale data using the identical state of the art equivalence testing procedure. The mechanistic chromatography model avoided limitations of the SDM by capturing effects of bed height, loading density, feed composition, and mobile phase properties. The results demonstrate the applicability of mechanistic chromatography models as a possible alternative to conventional SDM approaches.     

抗虫和感虫大豆混播对产量及害虫种群发生和昆虫群落多样性影响

[目的]利用大豆高抗虫和高感虫品种混播,明确有效控害保产的最优比例,以实现大豆生产中有效的害虫生态防控和提高大豆产量.[方法]本研究选取高抗(Lamar;R)和与高感(JLNMH;S)斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura的大豆品种,进行不同比例的种子混播种植(即R、S单作,90％R和10％S(9R1S)、80％R和20％S(8R2S)、70％R和30％S(7R3S)、50％R和50％S(5R5S)混播),探究对大豆产量和主要害虫种群发生及昆虫群落多样性的影响.[结果]不同比例混播处理间斜纹夜蛾和筛豆龟蝽Megacopta cribraria的百株虫量无显著差异,但均显著低于S单作.混播处理8R2S和9R 1S以及R单作下昆虫群落多样性指数(H)和均匀度指数(E)显著高于其他试验处理,而优势度指数(C)显著低于其他试验处理.此外,昆虫群落丰富度指数(D)随着高感虫大豆混播比例的增加而降低;其中,混播处理8R2S和9R1S,以及R单作都显著高于S单作.对于大豆产量,混播处理显著影响大豆百株籽粒重,但对千粒重的影响不明显.其中,R单作和9R1S混播方式下大豆百株籽粒重最高,且有随着高抗虫品种(R)混播比例的增加而提高的趋势.[结论]高抗虫和高感虫品种混播可有效降低大豆主要害虫发生,且R混播比例≥80％能有效提高昆虫群落多样性、均匀度和丰富度,并对大豆产量提高有利.大豆生产中,建议采用80％以上的高抗虫品种与高感虫品种混播以实现大豆控害保产的生态防控效果.     

蜻蜓目昆虫资源价值

从内禀价值、生态价值、经济价值和社会价值四个层次,总结和探讨了蜻蜓目昆虫资源价值。蜻蜓目昆虫是古老而进化成功的昆虫,遗传资源丰富,是生态系统中不可或缺的消费者,也是优良的生态环境指示生物,适用于对水陆环境的评价;作为食用昆虫优质原料、中医动物药原材料、天敌昆虫生防资源和未来科技仿生对象,可为人类创造较好的经济价值;还与人类的精神文化世界息息相关,逐渐形成了独具魅力的昆虫文化现象,具有现实的和潜在的资源价值。     

靶向白介素-1α基因沉默的Hela229稳定细胞系的构建

目的：构建针对IL-1α基因的shRNA表达载体,筛选能够抑制Hela229细胞内源性IL-1α表达的shRNA,建立无内源性IL-1d表达的Hela229稳定细胞系.方法：根据shRNA的设计原则,以IL-1 αcDNA oligo为模板设计一段21 bp核苷酸目标序列,构建成siRNA的DNA模板并克隆到shRNA表达载体pRNAT-U6.1/Neo中,获得靶向抑制IL-1α基因的重组shRNA质粒,转染Hela229细胞,经G418筛选后获得单克隆稳定细胞株,用ELISA方法在蛋白水平上检测IL-1α基因的沉默效果.结果：经酶切鉴定和测序分析确定IL-1 α-shRNA重组质粒构建正确,ELISA筛选出能够显著抑制内源性IL-1α表达的shRNA,获得沉默内源性IL-1 α表达的单克隆稳定的Hela229细胞株.结论：靶向IL-1α基因的重组shRNA表达质粒可显著抑制Hela229细胞内源性IL-1α的表达,成功构建靶向IL-1α基因沉默的Hela229稳定细胞系.     

A muscle-path-plane method for representing muscle contraction during joint movement

Traditional muscle paths (the straight-line model and the viapoint-line model) emphasise either the mechanical properties that arouse joint movement or the morphological characteristics of the muscles. To consider both the factors, a muscle-path-plane (MPP) method is introduced to model the paths of muscles during joint movement. This method is based on the premise that there is a MPP, constructed by origin, insertion and MPP control point, which represents the major direction of the muscle contraction for an arbitrary joint configuration at any time. Then, we can calculate the functions and the lengths of the muscle paths during instantaneous joint movement in MPP by mathematical approaches. Taking the triceps brachii as an example, the lengths of its paths during elbow flexion are calculated and compared with the relative studies reported in the literature. It is concluded that this method can provide an insight into the simulation of the muscle contraction.