多层螺旋CT在诊断小儿急性阑尾炎中的应用

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT对小儿急性阑尾炎的诊断价值。方法:回顾分析经临床手术病理证实的53例小儿急性阑尾炎的CT表现特点。所有患儿均行多排CT横断面扫描及MPVR重建。结果:53例中,单纯性阑尾炎2例;急性化脓性阑尾炎伴周围炎4例,其中1例合并紫癜;急性化脓性阑尾炎伴穿孔33例,其中1例合并回肠末端美克尔憩室;坏疽性阑尾炎伴穿孔6例;阑尾脓肿8例。CT平扫以及MPVR重建显示阑尾肿大、增粗(直径大于6mm)30例,阑尾内粪石27例,阑尾周围蜂窝织炎23例,阑尾周围脓肿8例,大量腹水6例。结论:多层螺旋CT扫描及重建技术能为小儿阑尾炎的诊断提供有力依据,提高临床术前诊断能力。     

异丙酚静脉联合利多卡因在无痛人流术中的应用

目的:探讨异丙酚静脉联合利多卡因在无痛人流术中的有效性与安全性。方法:ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级人工流产患者80例,随机分为A、B两组,每组40例,A组单纯使用异丙酚,B组用异丙酚联合利多卡因。观察两组病人的诱导剂量、苏醒时间、离院时间,记录诱导前及诱导后2min、手术结束时,SBP、DBP、HR、SpO_2的变化和两组病人的麻醉效果及并发症。结果:两组年龄体重及手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),B组诱导期异丙酚用量明显少于A组(P<0.01)。A组诱导后2min BP下降,HR减慢及SpO_2降低程度较B组明显(P<0.01)。B组麻醉镇痛效果明显优于A组。结论:异丙酚联合利多卡因用于人工流产手术的麻醉安全有效镇痛效果好。     

两种药物性肝炎诊断评分标准的临床应用分析

目的:比较Maria药物性肝损害(1997年)诊断标准和我国常用诊断标准对药物性肝损害的效价。方法:回顾性分析我院2005年1月至2006年4月期间经肝穿病理诊断为药物性肝损害的54例病例,分别按照上述两个标准评分。评价每一标准的准确性。结果:符合Maria药物性肝损害(1997年)诊断标准的(>10分)有45例,占83%;符合我国常用诊断标准的有39例,占72%。结论:两个诊断标准符合率较高,均可做为药物性肝损害的诊断标准,但仍有部分病例不能准确诊断,需进一步完善。     

Effect of physiological heterogeneity of E. coli popula-tion on antibiotic susceptivity test

According to the instantaneous growth rate (dN/dt) of E. coli CVCC249 growing in batch culture, the entire growth progress was distinguished into four phases: accelerating growth phase, constant growth phase, decelerating growth phase and declining phase, in each of which obvious variation in physiological and biochemical properties was detected, including total DNA, total protein, and MTT-dehydrogenase activity, etc., that led to difference in their antibiotic susceptivity. Antibiotic susceptivity of the population sampled from each phase was tested by Concentration-killing Curve (CKC) approach following the formula N=N ₀/{1+exp[r·(x-BC ₅₀)]}, showing as normal distribution at the individual cell level for an internal population, in which the median bactericidal concentration BC ₅₀ represents the mean level of susceptivity, while the bactericidal span BC ₁₋₉₉=(2lnN ₀)/r indicates the variation degree of the antibiotic susceptivity. Furthermore, tested by CKC approach, the antibiotic susceptivity of E. coli CVCC249 population in each physiological phase to gentamicin or enoxacin was various: susceptivity of the population in the constant growth phase and declining phase all increased compared with that in the accelerating growth phase for gentamicin but declined for enoxacin. The primary investigations revealed that the physiological phase should be taken into account in the context of antibiotic susceptivity and research into antimicrobial mechanism. However there are few reports concerned with this study. Further research using different kinds of antibiotics with synchronized continuous culture of different bacterial strains is required. Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. Y2005C58), the Natural Key Technology R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2006BAK02A03-6) and the Youth Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science (2005YQ035)     

Characteristics of the microbial community in rhizosphere of Camptotheca acuminata cultured with exotic invasive plant Eupatorium adenophorum

The traditional culture-dependent plate counting and culture-independent small-subunit-ribosomal RNA gene-targeted molecular techniques, Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) and ter-minal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (tRFLP) combined with 16S rDNA clone library were adopted to investigate the impacts of secretion from Camptotheca acuminata (abbreviated to Ca) roots on the quantities and structure of eukaryotic microbes and bacteria in the rhizosphere, and the possi-bility that Ca controls exotic invasive plant Eupatorium adenophorum (Ea). The counting results indi-cated that the number of bacteria increased in turn in rhizospheres of Ea, Ca-Ea mixed culture and Ca, while that of eukaryotic microbes decreased. PCR-SSCP profiles showed eukaryotic microbial bands (corresponding to biodiversity) in rhizosphere of Ea were more complex than those of Ca and CE. Meristolohmannia sp., Termitomyces sp. and Rhodophyllus sp. were the dominant populations in the rhizosphere of Ca. Bacterial terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) profiles showed no difference among three kinds of rhizospheres, and the sequences of the 16S rDNA clone library from Ca rhizospheres were distributed in 10 known phyla, in which phylum Proteobacteria were the absolute dominant group and accounted for 24.71% of the cloned sequences (δ-Proteobacteria accounted for up to 17.65%), and phyla Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes accounted for 16.47% and 10.59% of the cloned sequences, respectively. In addition, high performance liquid chromatography detected a trace amount of camp-tothecin and hydroxycamptothecin in the rhizospheric soil of Ca and CE, but examined neither camp-tothecin nor hydroxycamptothecin in rhizospheric soil of Ea. Therefore, invasion and diffusion of Ea evidently depended on distinguishing the eukaryotic community structure, but not on that of the bac-terial pattern. Ca was able to alter the eukaryotic community structure of invasive Ea by secreting camptothecin and hydroxycamptothecin into rhizospheres, and may benefit the control of overspread of Ea. This study provided theoretical evidence for rhizospheric microbial aspects on substituting Ca for Ea.     

穿龙薯蓣的花序特征研究

花序是影响植物繁殖的关键性状,也在分类学和系统发育研究中起着重要作用。药用植物穿龙薯蓣（Discorea nipponica）的花序类型具有多样型,但目前相关研究资料较少,且常有争议。为明晰穿龙薯蓣的花序类型及特征,本研究以观察测量为主,结合石蜡制片技术,对穿龙薯蓣的花序形态、数量性状及发育过程进行研究。结果表明：穿龙薯蓣雌花形成腋生的穗状花序,具退化雄蕊,具花粉囊,但不产生花粉;雄花序特征与现有资料的描述不尽相同,雄花序生于叶腋或顶生于侧枝,花序主轴为无限花序,侧轴为蝎尾状单歧聚伞花序,整体为形似穗状的混合花序;由于雄株部分侧枝叶片退化,腋生花序向顶逐渐短缩,与顶生花序结合呈圆锥状;雄花序的长度、小花数量、小花密度及花期时间等均高于雌花序。本研究发现,穿龙薯蓣雌雄花序形态与有限花序向无限花序演化过程相符,具原始性,可保证传粉的成功率,增强对环境的适应性。     

健康体检人群甲状腺结节多普勒超声检查结果及影响因素分析

目的:研究健康体检人群甲状腺结节多普勒超声检查结果及影响因素。方法:将从2018年1月~2019年12月,于医院接受体检的健康体检人员5270例纳入研究,对所有受试者均进行多普勒超声检查,分析超声检查结果和体检人群基线资料的关系,分析甲状腺结节多普勒超声特征。采用单因素以及多因素Logistic回归分析健康体检人群甲状腺结节的影响因素。结果:在5270例健康体检人群中,甲状腺结节检出率为51.86%(2733/5270),女性甲状腺结节检出率为52.83%(2355/4458),高于男性的46.55%(378/812),且随着年龄的不断增长,健康体检人群甲状腺结节检出率呈逐渐升高趋势(均P<0.05)。甲状腺结节患者的多普勒超声检查特征以低回声以及结节直径<2 cm为主(均P<0.05),但是结节数目以及病变部位比较无明显差异(均P>0.05)。经单因素分析发现:吸烟、甲状腺疾病家族史、高血压及糖尿病的健康体检人员甲状腺结节检出率高于不吸烟、无甲状腺疾病家族史、无高血压及无糖尿病的健康体检人员(均P<0.05),而不同民族、受教育年限、体质量指数(BMI)、是否饮酒的健康体检人员甲状腺结节检出率比较无统计学差异(均P>0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析发现:女性、年龄、吸烟、甲状腺疾病家族史、高血压及糖尿病均是健康体检人群甲状腺结节发生的独立危险因素(均OR>1,P<0.05)。结论:甲状腺结节多普勒超声检查特征以低回声以及结节直径≤2 cm为主,其影响因素包括年龄、性别、吸烟、甲状腺疾病家族史、高血压及糖尿病,值得临床重点关注。     

基于专利分析的生物传感器发展态势研究*

生物传感器将固定化的生物敏感材料作为识别元件,具有体积小、专一性强、响应快、准确度高等特点,市场应用前景广阔。近年来,生物传感器技术发展迅速,研究成果不断涌现。为更好地了解我国生物传感器研究现状,进一步促进生物传感器行业健康快速发展,基于IncoPat专利数据库,利用ITGinsight作为文献分析工具,对全球范围内生物传感器领域的总体研究态势、区域布局、技术构成及研究热点等方面进行专利分析,并对核心专利进行识别。结果表明,我国生物传感器领域的专利数量排在世界前列,但科研实力存在区域分布不均衡、企业研发实力不强、关键核心技术不足等问题。针对这些问题,提出我国生物传感器技术的未来发展策略。     

核酸试纸条检测方法研究进展*

凝胶电泳、实时荧光PCR等常规核酸检测方法存在操作繁琐、设备昂贵、反应时间长等局限性。随着核酸检测市场规模的大幅提升,常规检测方法已无法满足临床诊断、检验检疫的需求。核酸试纸条(nucleic acid detection strip,NADS)是一种新兴的核酸检测方法,具有灵敏度高、操作便捷、结果可视化、成本低且耗时短等优势,在基础研究与临床诊断等领域受到广泛关注。综述近年来NADS的检测方法及研究进展,系统总结该技术的原理、应用及临床潜在转化价值,以期为NADS的进一步开发、利用提供借鉴。     

研究报告：缓激肽上调豚鼠肠道黏膜下神经丛环氧合酶2的表达

目的缓激肽和缓激肽B2受体在肠神经系统中起重要作用。缓激肽通常参与肠道的炎症反应和神经保护,这种作用取决于缓激肽诱导前列腺素的形成。环氧合酶1 (COX1)和环氧合酶2 (COX2)催化花生四烯酸转化为前列腺素。本研究旨在探讨缓激肽刺激对豚鼠肠神经前列腺素E2 (p GE2)释放和COX2表达的影响及信号机制。方法本文通过免疫荧光检测肠神经细胞中COX2与神经细胞标志物Anti-Hu和ch AT的表达;采用PCR及蛋白质印迹(Western blot)检测不同条件下缓激肽刺激对COX2表达的影响;使用缓激肽B1受体的选择性拮抗剂Leu-8和B2受体的选择性拮抗剂HOE-140,研究缓激肽影响COX2表达的信号机制;利用COX2选择性拮抗剂NS398和COX1拮抗剂FR12207,观察COX2在缓激肽诱导p EG2释放的作用。结果 COX2与神经细胞标志物Anti-Hu和ch AT在肠神经细胞上共同表达,缓激肽可通过B2受体诱导肠神经细胞COX2的表达。缓激肽刺激引起的肠神经细胞p GE2的释放与COX2表达升高密切相关。结论缓激肽通过B2R影响肠道黏膜下神经丛COX2的表达,肠道缓激肽...