Seasonal changes of resistance to fenvalerate and cypermethrin in the larval parasitoid Cotesia plutellae （Hymenoptera： Braconidae）

The seasonal changes of insecticide resistance and stability in hymenopteran Cotesia plutellae, collected from Jianxin, Fuzhou-City, and Shangjie, Minhou-County, Fujian, China, were assessed by using a dry residual film method. The resistance to two insecticides in the field populations of C. plutellae was not stable under insecticide-free conditions in the insectarium. Compared with susceptible F11 progeny of C. plutellae in the insectarium, the resistance ratios （RR） in F0 parents were 18.4 for fenvalerate and 11.4 for cypermethrin based on LC50 at 9 hours, and 32.8 for fenvalerate and 28.5 for cypermethrin based on LC50 at 24 hours when the parasitoids were left in contact with the insecticides for 1 hour and mortalities were recorded at 9 and 24 hours, respectively. However, the RR in a field population of C. plutellae were 9.2 for fenvalerate and 12.7 for cypermethrin, if the parasitoids were left in contact with the insecticides for 24 hours. The resistances to the two pyrethroids in other field populations collected from Jianxin and Shangjie from November 2000 and July 2004 were also determined. Significant seasonal variations of resistance to the two insecticides in the field populations of C. plutellae were found. The RR were 3.0-18.4 for fenvalerate and 4.8-20.6 for cypermethrin in Jianxin populations from November 2000 to April 2002 based on LC50 at 9 h, and 2.3-13.6 for fenvalerate and 3.6-16.0 for cypermethrin in Shangjie populations from May 2002 to July 2004 based on LC50 at 24 hours. The resistance levels were high in spring and autumn and decreased sharply in summer. In addition, significant recovery from the knocked-down caused by the insecticides was found in the F0 and field populations of C. plutellae which were resistant to fenvalerate and cypermethrin if the parasitoids were left in contact with the pyrethroids for 1 hour. However, no recovery was found in susceptible F11 progeny.     

脑桥呼吸调整中枢向延髓Botzinger复合体轴突投射的研究

实验在３３只成年猫上进行。Ｂｏｔｚｉｎｇｅｒ复合体内微量注入麦角辣根过氧化酶（ＷＧＡ－ＨＲＰ,３０－６０ｎｌ,５％,９例）后,在脑桥呼吸调整中枢结合臂外侧核及Ｋｏｌｌｉｋｅｒ－Ｆｕｓｅ核观察到大量ＨＲＰ标记神经元。在２０例动物中,检测了９１个在呼吸调整中枢记录到的呼吸神经元对电刺激Ｂｏｔｚｉｎｇｅｒ复合体的反应。其中１３个神经元（吸气性１１个,跨时相２个）可被逆行兴奋。实验结果表明,发自脑桥呼吸调整中枢神经元的轴突可投射到Ｂｏｔｚｉｎｇｅｒ复合体,这一投射通路可能与呼吸调节有关。     

仙鹤藓属（Atrichum）藓类植物组织培养再生体系的建立

报道了仙鹤藓（Atrichum undulatum(Hedw.)P.Beauv.)和仙鹤藓小形变种（Atrichum undulatum var.minus(Hedw.)Par.)的组织培养再生体系的建立。为研究仙鹤藓属（Atrichum)藓类愈伤组织的诱导和再分化,将仙鹤藓和仙鹤藓小形变种原丝体接种在含有4%葡萄糖和0.2-2.0mg/L 6-BA的MS培养基上,培养一个月后,成功地诱导出疏松、易碎的绿色愈伤组织。愈伤组织诱导和常规继代培养较适合的培养基为含4%葡萄糖和1-2mg/L 6-BA的MS培养基。当将继代培养5次的脱分化藓类愈伤组织转移到含4%葡萄糖但无任何激素的MS培养基上时,能再分化形成原丝体,而在无任何碳源的Benecke培养基土培养时,能再分化形成经原丝体阶段发育来的直立配子体。     

促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)鞘内注射易化大鼠甩尾反射及其与吗啡的交互作用

本实验采用 Yaksh 和 Rudy 的慢性埋植套管鞘内注射的方法,观察了 TRH 对大鼠甩尾反射的直接作用以及与吗啡的相互作用。鞘内注射1μg、5μg和10μgTRH 能产生时程长的缩短甩尾潜伏期的效应,且这种效应呈剂量反应关系。在鞘内注射 TRH 的情况下,皮下或鞘内注射吗啡仍可产生吗啡的镇痛效应。先注射吗啡,TRH 不能翻转吗啡的延长甩尾潜伏期的效应。结合本文及文献上的其他结果说明:TRH 作用于脊髓靠近传出的部分,而吗啡则作用于脊髓靠近传入的部分。     

LcMKK,a MAPK kinase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycium chinense</Emphasis>, confers cadmium tolerance in transgenic tobacco by transcriptional upregulation of ethylene responsive transcription factor gene

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element to plants. Ethylene is an important phytohormone in the regulation of plant growth, development and stress response. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation has been observed in plants exposed to Cd stress and was suggested to be involved in ethylene biosynthesis. We hypothesized that there may be a link between MAPK cascades and ethylene signalling in Cd-stressed plants. To test this hypothesis, the expression of LcMKK, LchERF and LcGSH1 genes, endogenous ethylene accumulation, GSH content and Cd concentration in Lycium chinense with or without Cd stress treatment were studied. Our results showed that LcMKK gene expression can be induced by the treatment of Cd in L. chinense. The transgenic tobacco expressing 35S::LcMKK showed greater tolerance to Cd stress and enhanced expression of NtERF and NtGSH1 genes, indicating that LcMKK is associated with the enhanced expression level of ERF and GSH synthesis-related genes in tobacco. We also found that endogenous ethylene and GSH content can be induced by Cd stress in L. chinense, and inhibited by cotreatment with PD98059, an inhibitor of MAPK kinase. Evidences presented here suggest that under Cd stress, GSH accumulation occurred at least partially by enhanced LcMKK gene expression and the ethylene signal transduction pathways might be involved in this accumulation.     

用肝素释放细胞表面受体结合的LDL并比较兔及人血清LDL结合能力

应用人血清清蛋白代替LDS,建立了肝素释放细胞表面与受体结合的LDL的方法,并比较了人及家兔LDL结合家兔细胞表面受体的能力。在37℃不同保温时间(从0—180分钟),肝素释放的细胞表面受体~(125)I-LDL量增加缓慢而通过受体进入细胞的LDL量增加迅速。在37℃以不同剂量的LDL(13—78μg/ml)与细胞保温2小时,肝素释放的细胞表面受体LDL量也增加缓慢,而进入细胞的量增加更为迅速。结果显示LDL在细胞表面受体部位不断进入细胞内并迅速被新的LDL分子所取代,但当LDL增至78μg/ml时逐渐变慢,与Goldstein观察相似。肝素释放的~(125)LDL量在加入量约50 μg/ml时呈现平坦,与Goldstein观察相似。这说明用人血清清蛋白代替LDS同样可以观察到LDL受体的饱和特性。在同一实验条件下。肝素释放家兔的~(125)I-LDL比人高l倍,家兔通过受体进入细胞的~(125)I-LDL比人高1.7倍。二者差别非常显著(P<0.001)。显示兔血清LDL的结构可能在某些方面不同于人。     

仙鹤藓属(Atrichum)藓类植物组织培养再生体系的建立

报道了仙鹤藓(Atrichum undulatum(Hedw.)P.Beauv.)和仙鹤藓小形变种(Atrichum undulatum var.minus(Hedw.)Par.)的组织培养再生体系的建立.为研究仙鹤藓属(Atrichum)藓类愈伤组织的诱导和再分化,将仙鹤鲜和仙鹤藓小形变种原丝体接种在含有4%葡萄糖和0.2～2.0 mg/L 6-BA的MS培养基上,培养一个月后,成功地诱导出疏松、易碎的绿色愈伤组织.愈伤组织诱导和常规继代培养较适合的培养基为含4%葡萄糖和1～2 mg/L6-BA的MS培养基.当将继代培养5次的脱分化藓类愈伤组织转移到含4%葡萄糖但无任何激素的MS培养基上时,能再分化形成原丝体,而在无任何碳源的Benecke培养基上培养时,能再分化形成经原丝体阶段发育来的直立配子体.     

金属硫蛋白抗内皮素损伤膜蛋白的电子顺磁共振自旋标记研究

以大鼠红细胞膜为研究对象,以脂肪酸自旋标记物５ＮＳ,１６ＮＳ插入膜脂,蛋白自旋标记物ＭＳＬ标记膜蛋白,观察内皮素（ＥＴ）损伤后膜脂流动性、膜蛋白构象的变化及金属硫蛋白（ＭＴ）抗ＥＴ保护生物膜作用。结果表明ＥＴ（１×１０－９,１０－８及１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对膜脂流动性无明显影响,但在５×１０－９及１×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度下均改变膜蛋白构象,而且对膜蛋白构象的影响呈剂量依赖性。１×１０－５ｍｏｌ／ＬＭＴ能抵抗５×１０－９ｍｏｌ／ＬＥＴ对膜蛋白损伤,保护生物膜。     

大鼠尾核微量注射γ—氨基丁酸对尾核痛反应神经元放电的影响

在５３只成年Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠上,用玻璃微电极引导神经元放电,观察了尾核内注射γ－氨基丁酸后,尾核痛反应经元放电的变化和印防己毒素对ＧＡＢＡ作用的阻断效应。尾核内每２分钟分别注射ＧＡＢＡ２５,５０,１００μｇ／２μｌ,尾核痛兴奋神经元诱发放电频率减少,潜伏期延长;痛抑制神经元放诱发放电频率减少,潜伏期延长;痛抑制神经元放电抑制时程缩短,放电频率增加。ＰＥＮ和ＰＩＮ电活动反应与ＧＡＢＡ剂量间呈量效关系     

半散养东北虎繁殖期PAE编码行为谱的构建

2006—2007年,采用全事件记录法、目标动物取样法和行为取样法对泰山东北虎园半散养东北虎繁殖期的各种行为进行了观察。基于以"姿势-动作-环境"(posture-act-environment,PAE)为轴心,以行为生态功能为依据的PAE编码系统,对半散养东北虎的行为进行分类和系统编码并构建PAE行为谱。研究结果区分和定义了14种姿势、47种动作和98种行为型;并将所区分、命名和编码的所有行为型归类于摄食、排遗、调温、发情、交配、分娩、冲突、育幼、通讯、聚群、休息、运动和杂类等13类;由此构建了基于PAE编码系统的半散养东北虎首个繁殖期行为谱。