应用Percoll梯度分离粘虫和亚洲玉米螟幼虫主要血细胞的类型

昆虫血细胞形态多样,变异复杂,不仅给血细胞的分类带来困难,而且还影响对其生理功能的研究(傅贻玲,1982a、1982b)。为了从细胞和分子水平研究各类血细胞的特性和功能,必须制备一定数量的、形态一致的血细胞样品。因此对昆虫各类血细胞分离技术的研究十分重要,但这方面的研究报道还很少(Cook等,1985;Mead等,1986)。     

国槐尺蠖性信息素的生物学研究

国槐尺蠖(semiothisa cinerearia Bremer et Grey)的性信息素腺体位置通过触角电位、扫描电镜和组织学三种研究技术进行了检查.触角电位证明性信息素腺体位于产卵器.扫描电镜确定在雌蛾腹部第Ⅷ和Ⅸ—Ⅹ节之间的节间膜背面有一囊状结构.触角电位进一步证明这一囊状结构为性信息素腺体.腺体横切显示性信息素腺体细胞特征为核大,细胞体呈柱状,细胞质内有小空泡.触角电位证明雌蛾在暗周期(20:00,21:00和22:00)产生的性信息素比在光周期(8:00、9:00和10:00)多.风洞试验显示雄蛾在暗周期(21:00)比在光周期(9:00)对性信息素提取物的行为反应强烈.田间试验证明性信息素腺体提取物具有诱蛾活性.上述结果为国槐尺蠖性信息素的化学分离和鉴定提供了基础.     

骨陷窝—骨小管系统内液体的流动

基于骨陷窝和骨小管的生理结构特性,并考虑到它们内部骨细胞的存在,研究了它们内部组织液的流动。得到了它们内部压力与流量的关系式,为进一步研究密质骨内力敏（mechanosensory)问题提供了依据。     

重组人角质细胞生长因子-2基因克隆、表达、纯化与活性分析

 从人胚肺二倍体细胞KMB17中抽提总RNA ,经RT PCR扩增获得编码人角质细胞生长因子 2 (keratinocytegrowthfactor 2 ,KGF 2 )的cDNA .克隆于硫氧环蛋白表达载体pThioHisA ,序列分析表明与文献报道一致 .经IPTG诱导 ,在大肠杆菌BL2 1中实现高效表达 ,表达量可达菌体总蛋白 10 %～15 % .菌体超声破碎 ,上清经CM SepharoseFF阳离子交换 ,Heparin Sepharose亲和层析 ,Superdex 75凝胶过滤层析纯化得到重组人KGF 2 ,纯度高于 95 % .生物活性分析表明 ,它能够促进成纤维细胞NIH 3T3的增殖 ,诱导鸡胚背根神经结神经轴突的生长 ,促进鸡胚尿囊膜血管生成 .研究结果表明 ,获得了 95 %纯度的具有生物学活性的重组人KGF 2 ,为进一步的基础与应用研究提供了基础     

电刺激大鼠蓝斑核对尿量的影响

本实验使用单相方波刺激横断颈髓的麻醉大鼠蓝斑核(LC),观察对尿量的影响。结果表明,电刺激大鼠 LC 引起加压反应的同时,尿量明显减少。毁损室旁核区和视上核区可取消或减弱刺激 LC 所引起的抗利尿作用和升压效应。     

中国林蛙Rana chensinensis系统发育及物种形成和分化的研究

运用分支分类法,通过形态、染色体和同工酶性状分析寻找出姐妹群,建立中国林蛙各亚种系统发育分支图。并根据地理分布、古地理和古气候特点,认为中国林蛙起源于西伯利亚勒拿河以东。讨论了中国林蛙的分化及与其近缘种的亲缘关系。根据形态推测起源中心时,应考虑环境变化因素,当分布区环境不变或呈单向性变化时,保留祖征最多的亚种所在地就是该物种的起源中心。     

Phylogeography of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum: contrasting results from mitochondrial and microsatellite data

Phylogeographical studies are typically based on haplotype data, occasionally on nuclear markers such as microsatellites, but rarely combine both. This is unfortunate because the use of markers with contrasting modes of inheritance and rates of evolution might provide a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of a species' history. Here we present a detailed study of the phylogeography of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum , using 1098 bp of the mitochondrial ND2 gene from 45 localities from across its Palaearctic range to infer population history. In addition, we re-analysed a large microsatellite data set available for this species and compared the results of both markers to infer population relationships and the historical processes influencing them. We show that mtDNA, the most popular marker in phylogeography studies, yielded a misleading result, and would have led us to conclude erroneously that a single expansion had taken place in Europe. Only by combining the mitochondrial and microsatellite data sets are we able to reconstruct the species' history and show two colonization events in Europe, one before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and one after it. Combining markers also revealed the importance of Asia Minor as an ancient refugium for this species and a source population for the expansion of the greater horseshoe bat into Europe before the LGM.     

Chemical Components of Aqueous Extracts of Melia azedarach Fruits and Their Effects on The Transcriptome of Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of numerous and varied clinical infections. Crude aqueous extracts of Melia azedarach fruits inhibit the planktonic growth and initial biofilm formation of S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the biofilm topologies became sparse and decreased as the concentration of the aqueous extracts increased. RNA-Seq analyses revealed 532 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after S. aureus exposure to 0.25 g/ml extracts; 319 of them were upregulated, and 213 were downregulated. The majority of DEGs were categorized into abundant sub-groups in the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Finally, untargeted UHPLC-MS/MS analyses of the aqueous extracts of M. azedarach fruits demonstrated a highly complex profile in positive and negative electrospray ionization modes. The extracts primarily consisted of lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and their derivatives, phenylpropanoids, polyketides, organoheterocyclic compounds, and benzenoids annotated by abundant lipid maps and KEGG pathways. Overall, this study provides evidences that the aqueous extracts of M. azedarach fruits can control S. aureus infections and sought to understand the mode of action of these extracts on S. aureus.