Hierarchically Clustering to 1,033 Genes Differentially Expressed in Mouse Superior Colliculus in the Courses of Optic Nerve Development and Injury

Tempo spatially specific expression of many development-related genes is the molecular basis for the formation of the central nervous system (CNS), especially those genes regulating the proliferation, differentiation, migration, axon growth, and orientation of nerve cells. The development-related genes are usually prominent during the embryonic and newborn stages, but rarely express during the adulthood. These genes are believed to be suitable target genes for promoting CNS regeneration, despite majority of which remains unknown. Hence, the aim of this study was to screen development-related genes which might contribute to CNS regeneration. In this study, 1,033 differentially-expressed genes of superior colliculus in the courses of mouse optic nerve development and injury, as previously identified by cDNA microarrays, were hierarchically clustered to display expression pattern of each gene and reveal the relationships among these genes, and infer the functions of some unknown genes based on function-identified genes with the similar expression patterns. Consequently, the expression patterns of 1,033 candidate genes were revealed at eight time points during optic nerve development or injury. According to the similarity among gene expression patterns, 1,033 genes were divided into seven groups. The potential function of genes in each group was inferred on the basis of the dynamic trend for mean gene expression values. Moreover, the expression patterns of six function-unidentified genes were extremely similar to that of the ptn gene which could promote and guide axonal extension. Therefore, these six genes are temporally regarded as candidate genes related to axon growth and guidance. The results may help to better understand the roles of function-identified genes in the stages of CNS development and injury, and offer useful clues to evaluate the functions of hundreds of unidentified genes.     

我国不同基因型水痘-带状疱疹病毒流行毒株gE基因序列分析

为进一步了解我国不同地区流行的水痘—带状疱疹病毒(VZV)病毒株的基因型分布和分析代表性病毒株gE基因序列。于2010年12月至2011年6月期间,收集来自北京市、长春市、拉萨市和乌鲁木齐市4个地区水痘和带状疱疹患者的疱疹液拭子和皮肤痂片,共计18份。用单个核苷酸多态性(SNP)谱的方法确定病毒株的基因型。然后采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法扩增gE基因的全长片段,并进行测序分析。SNP分析显示18个病毒株的基因型共为4种,其中有7株属于clade2遗传支,1株属于clade3遗传支,4株为clade5遗传支。另有6株病毒兼有不同遗传支的特征,按照目前国际通用的分型方法不能归属于任何明确的遗传支。对不同病毒株gE基因序列分析,除了发现3个国外已有报道的1个同义突变(T660C)和2个反义突变(C119T、C1606A),还发现了3个新的反义突变(C56T、C1109T和C917A)和4个同义突变(C54T、T1075C、T816C和G279A)。首次在我国新疆自治区发现了clade5遗传支的VZV,在长春市还发现了目前尚未能分型的6株病毒。对部分病毒株gE基因序列分析,在gE的e1和c1抗原表位的编码区内中检出1个新型反义突变(C917A),需要进一步研究该突变对该病毒免疫原性和致病性的影响。     

Expression of two types of acetylcholinesterase gene from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, in insect cells

Complementary DNAs encoding two types of acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） were isolated from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The type 1 （Bmacel） and type 2 （Bmace2） ORFs are 2052 and 1917 bp in length, respectively. Both the complete ORFs of the Bmaces and C- terminal truncated forms were recombined into the Bacmid baculovirus vector under the control of the polyhedrin promoter and expressed in Trichoplusia ni （Tn-5B 1-4） cells. The resulting products exhibited ACHE activity and glycosylation of the expressed proteins. An inhibition assay indicated that the ace2-type enzyme was more sensitive than the acel-type enzyme to inhibition by eserine and paraoxon.     

凤尾蕨内生真菌的研究Ⅱ——1株产芦丁内生真菌初步研究

报道了从凤尾蕨属井栏边草(Pteris multifida)根状茎中分离出一内生真菌——菌株JJF006,对其形态特征进行了初步研究,并用TLC对该菌株培养物进行了分析。初步结果表明:该真菌液体培养基中含有芦丁成分。     

意愿价值评估法应用于农业生态补偿研究进展

农业生态补偿是支持和保护农业发展的重要政策激励手段,有关补偿标准的估算及计量方法研究始终是学术界讨论的热点。意愿价值评估法(CVM)是国际社会进行非市场价值评估最广泛采用的陈述偏好方法。由于在农业生态补偿领域应用时间不长,农业产业的弱质性及农民认知水平的差距,导致国内CVM的实证研究面临许多问题和困惑。阐明CVM方法的内涵与理论基础,全面系统地梳理国内外CVM在农业补偿领域的研究进展。以激励农户采纳农业清洁生产技术补偿意愿问卷调查为例,深入探讨CVM应用于农业生态补偿政策评估中存在的假想特性偏差、研究手段偏差及调查实施偏差等。提出通过合理的技术途径和对策措施规避可能的偏差,包括:明确计量模型适用范围、开展效度与信度检验、选择两种尺度评估及处理调查过程偏差的方法等,为破解CVM应用于国内农业生态补偿政策制定中的问题提供方法和思路借鉴。研究指出存在的不足与局限性,以期未来不断完善和拓展。     

C-型咽侧体抑制素(AST-C)和促前胸腺激素释放激素(PTTH)基因在家蚕脑组织中的时空表达分析

【目的】咽侧体抑制素在昆虫体内具有重要的调控功能。本研究比较了家蚕Bombyx mori C-型咽侧体抑制素(allatostatin C,AST-C)与促前胸腺激素释放激素(prothoracicotropic hormone,PTTH)基因在不同发育阶段家蚕脑组织中转录表达的模式及其在脑组织的表达定位,以期为家蚕AST-C的功能研究提供重要的线索。【方法】利用脑组织芯片数据分析比较AST-C和PTTH基因在家蚕脑组织中的发育表达特征,RT-PCR验证其芯片数据,分析AST-C在不同发育阶段家蚕中枢神经系统中的表达模式,并用全组织包埋原位杂交技术对AST-C和PTTH在脑组织的表达进行定位。【结果】AST-C和PTTH在不同发育阶段家蚕脑组织中有相似的转录表达模式,且都在脑组织外侧一对神经分泌细胞中表达。【结论】AST-C可能与PTTH以相同的转录表达模式共同参与家蚕的变态发育调控。     

轴浆转运在神经再生中的作用

夹伤坐骨神经阻断标记蛋白在轴浆中的快、慢转运。3天后转运再现。第14天的转运距离与对照相似,说明再生神经的转运动能基本恢复。用快、慢转运测出的14天平均再生速度分别为1.77±0.14与1.96±0.07mm/d,比对照神经的正常生长速度快6.3—7倍,提示再生需要更多的转运物质。进一步发现再生神经中某些标记蛋白(慢转运波W1)的转运速度为10.25±0.66mm/d,约比对照快1倍,因此这些标记蛋白可能包含适应再生需要而加速转运的结构和功能物质。     

Predator perception of detritus and eggsac decorations spun by orb-web spiders Cyclosa octotuberculata:Do they function to camouflage the spiders?

Camouflage is one of the most widespread and powerful strategies that animals use to make detection/recognition more difficult. Many orb-web spiders of the genus Cyclosa add prey remains, plant debris, moults, and/or eggsacs to their webs called web decorations. Web decorations resembling spider body colour pattern have been considered to camouflage the spider from predators. While this camouflage is obvious from a human's perspective, it has rarely been investigated from a predator's perspective. In this s...     

余甘原汁中多酚的大孔树脂提取分离及其抗氧化活性

为研究余甘子多酚的分离提取方法,本文以余甘原汁为原料,采用NKA-Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂,对上样量、洗脱剂、洗脱体积及洗脱速度等条件进行了考察,并对提取物的抗氧化活性进行了对比分析。通过试验确定了余甘原汁多酚的大孔树脂分离提取条件为:上样速度2BV/h,上样量0.8BV,洗脱剂为70%乙醇溶液,洗脱体积3BV,洗脱速度8BV/h,在此条件下NKA-Ⅱ大孔树脂对余甘原汁中多酚的吸附率可达到88.42%,洗脱率为90.93%,提取率为80.39%;对提取物的抗氧化活性分析显示,与分离前的余甘原汁干燥物相比,提取物的多酚和维生素C含量均提高了0.53倍,类超氧化物歧化酶活性(SODL)提高了1.4倍;铁离子还原能力(FRAP)明显高于分离前,对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基及脂质氧化的半抑制浓度(IC50)均显著低于分离前的原汁干燥物,表明通过大孔吸附树脂分离,使余甘原汁中的多酚等抗氧化活性成分得到了有效的分离纯化。     

从噬菌体文库中筛选潜在的GMCSF的拮抗剂(英文)

以粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭＣＳＦ） 为筛选文库的靶分子, 通过高效筛选（Ｈｉｇｈ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｐｕｔｓｃｒｅｅｎｉｎｇ, ＨＴＳ） 方法来筛选多种多肽噬菌体文库, 在一个以噬菌体主要蛋白质为载体的多肽噬菌体文库中筛选到了一些与ＧＭＣＳＦ结合的多肽, 并通过了ＥＬＩＳＡ和微淘选（ｍｉｃｒｏｐａｎｎｉｎｇ） 实验的证实。这些多肽先导化合物经过进一步的优化, 可能成为ＧＭＣＳＦ细胞因子的拮抗剂