A study of connective tissue macromolecules in skin of mice with goldthioglucose-induced obesity.

The effect of obesity on the connective tissue composition of skin was investigated in mice with goldthioglucose (GTG)-induced obesity. Four months after GTG treatment, the obese animals were sacrificed. Acid mucopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, collagen, and elastin were analyzed in the skin and compared to the controls. Total MPS in the skin from obese animals decreased, reflected mostly in hyaluronic acid. Chondroitin showed an increase over controls. The content of soluble glycoproteins varied; total carbohydrate and sialic acid of the glycoprotein tended to increase with obesity. Collagen and elastin both tended to decrease with obesity.     

Suppression of antibody synthesis to dinitrophenylated bovine gamma globulin in contact-sensitized guinea pigs.

The anti-DNP response to DNP-BGG is substantially suppressed in guinea pigs sensitized to DNCB. The degree of antibody suppression varies with the mode of skin sensitization and with the degree of conjugation of the challenging immunogen. Suppression of the anti-HSA response was also induced by the prior injection of CFA.     

An unusual receptor in the octopus

The epithelium of the rim of the octopus sucker is the site of several different types of primary receptors. One is a non-ciliated cell with unusual characteristics. (1) The surface of the cell is extremely irregular with finger-like extensions of cytoplasm, especially far reaching in the basal region. (2) The slender neck contains a canal whose apical opening is in contact with the environment. This canal is lined with microvilli and contains granular material in an electron-dense matrix. (3) Patches of presumed glycogen granules occur throughout the cell, being especially abundant in the outer reaches of the cytoplasmic extensions. Their presence, together with numerous mitochondria and free ribosomes, indicate a high intrinsic metabolism. (4) Small fascicles of microtubules are randomly situated throughout the perikaryon. They gather into a coherent system of larger and larger bundles which ultimately enter the axon leading from the cell. This axon extends some distance in the basal region of the epithelium before crossing the subepithelial space to enter the infundibular muscle. Possible functions of this cell are discussed. On the basis of its specific position on the sucker and its intrinsic morphology we suggest that it is a mechanoreceptor involved in shape and/or negative pressure discrimination.     

A spectroscopic examination on intermolecular interaction of ergosterol with lecithin

The ergosterol and lecithin absorption IR-spectra were studied in a nonpolar anhydrous medium. The thermodynamical and spectral characteristics of dimeric associates and the enthalpy value for trimeric associates of this sterol are determined. Thermodynamical and spectral parameters of ergosterol intermolecular associates with lecithin in a nonpolar anhydrous medium are found. It is established that the intermolecular interaction of lecithin with ergosterol occurs according to the mechanism of hydrogen bond. A conclusion is drawn that the presence of binary bonds and methyl groups in the cyclic and aliphatic parts of the sterol molecule affects greatly the structure of the model membrane and its strength. It is shown that under conditions of the experiment the oxygen of the phosphate group contributes to formation of the molecular associates of lecithin with sterols and not that of the carbonyl group. The obtained experimental data may be at use when studying structural disturbances of native membranes in norm and with different pathologies.     

Scrotal circumference measurements in 764 beef bulls.

A total of 764 breeding soundness examinations was conducted on beef bulls utilizing the method of examination and criteria for classifying bulls of the Society for Theriogenology. In addition to this examination each bull was subjected to scrotal circumference measurement and to weighing. Classification of the bulls according to breeding soundness potentials was as follows: 88% of the bulls were satisfactory potential breeders, 8% of the bulls were questionable potential breeders and 4% of the bulls were unsatisfactory potential breeders. The proportions of bulls in each classification; satisfactory, questionable, or unsatisfactory; were not different among the four breeds evaluated. The majority of bulls evaluated in this study were between 14 and 36 months of age and weighed between 900 and 1500 pounds. For the ages and weights evaluated, scrotal circumference measurement variances were not closely related to age and weight differences. There was a tendency shown for “Questionable” and “Unsatisfactory Potential Breeders” to have smaller scrotal circumference measurements. The study indicates that Angus, Charolais, Horned Hereford and Polled Hereford bulls of breeding ages and weights should have scrotal circumference measurements of at least 32 centimeters in order to be classified as “Satisfactory Potential Breeders”.