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Masahiko Saito Tomohiro Fukuhara Satoshi Kamimura Hiroyuki Ichikawa Hiroyuki Yoshida Tomoyuki Koganezawa Yutaka Ie Yasunari Tamai Hyung Do Kim Hideo Ohkita Itaru Osaka 《Liver Transplantation》2020,10(7)
Controlling the energetics and backbone order of semiconducting polymers is essential for the performance improvement of polymer‐based solar cells. The use of fluorine as the substituent for the backbone is known to effectively deepen the molecular orbital energy levels and coplanarize the backbone by noncovalent interactions with sulfur of the thiophene ring. In this work, novel semiconducting polymers are designed and synthesized based on difluoronaphthobisthiadiazole (FNTz) as a new family of naphthobisthiadiazole (NTz)–quaterthiophene copolymer systems, which are one of the highest performing polymers in solar cells. The effect of the fluorination position on the energetics and backbone order is systematically studied. It is found that the dependence of the solar cell fill factor on the active layer thickness is very sensitive to the fluorination position. It is thus further investigated and discussed how the structural features of the polymers influence the photovoltaic parameters as well as the diode characteristics and bimolecular recombination. Further, the polymer with fluorine on both the naphthobisthiadiazole and quaterthiophene moieties exhibits a quite high power conversion efficiency of 10.8% in solar cells in combination with a fullerene. It is believed that the results would offer new insights into the development of semiconducting polymers. 相似文献
23.
Hiroshi Katoh Toru Okamoto Takasuke Fukuhara Hiroto Kambara Eiji Morita Yoshio Mori Wataru Kamitani Yoshiharu Matsuura 《Journal of virology》2013,87(1):489-502
Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic foci composed of stalled translation preinitiation complexes induced by environmental stress stimuli, including viral infection. Since viral propagation completely depends on the host translational machinery, many viruses have evolved to circumvent the induction of SGs or co-opt SG components. In this study, we found that expression of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) core protein inhibits SG formation. Caprin-1 was identified as a binding partner of the core protein by an affinity capture mass spectrometry analysis. Alanine scanning mutagenesis revealed that Lys97 and Arg98 in the α-helix of the JEV core protein play a crucial role in the interaction with Caprin-1. In cells infected with a mutant JEV in which Lys97 and Arg98 were replaced with alanines in the core protein, the inhibition of SG formation was abrogated, and viral propagation was impaired. Furthermore, the mutant JEV exhibited attenuated virulence in mice. These results suggest that the JEV core protein circumvents translational shutoff by inhibiting SG formation through an interaction with Caprin-1 and facilitates viral propagation in vitro and in vivo. 相似文献
24.
Maino Tahara Yuri Ito Melinda A. Brindley Xuemin Ma Jilan He Songtao Xu Hideo Fukuhara Kouji Sakai Katsuhiro Komase Paul A. Rota Richard K. Plemper Katsumi Maenaka Makoto Takeda 《Journal of virology》2013,87(1):666-675
Effective vaccination programs have dramatically reduced the number of measles-related deaths globally. Although all the available data suggest that measles eradication is biologically feasible, a structural and biochemical basis for the single serotype nature of measles virus (MV) remains to be provided. The hemagglutinin (H) protein, which binds to two discrete proteinaceous receptors, is the major neutralizing target. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognizing distinct epitopes on the H protein were characterized using recombinant MVs encoding the H gene from different MV genotypes. The effects of various mutations on neutralization by MAbs and virus fitness were also analyzed, identifying the location of five epitopes on the H protein structure. Our data in the present study demonstrated that the H protein of MV possesses at least two conserved effective neutralizing epitopes. One, which is a previously recognized epitope, is located near the receptor-binding site (RBS), and thus MAbs that recognize this epitope blocked the receptor binding of the H protein, whereas the other epitope is located at the position distant from the RBS. Thus, a MAb that recognizes this epitope did not inhibit the receptor binding of the H protein, rather interfered with the hemagglutinin-fusion (H-F) interaction. This epitope was suggested to play a key role for formation of a higher order of an H-F protein oligomeric structure. Our data also identified one nonconserved effective neutralizing epitope. The epitope has been masked by an N-linked sugar modification in some genotype MV strains. These data would contribute to our understanding of the antigenicity of MV and support the global elimination program of measles. 相似文献
25.
Koji Ando Shigetomo Fukuhara Takahiro Moriya Yutaro Obara Norimichi Nakahata Naoki Mochizuki 《The Journal of cell biology》2013,202(6):901-916
Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is responsible for dynamic regulation of endothelial cell (EC) barrier function. Circumferential actin bundles (CAB) promote formation of linear adherens junctions (AJs) and tightening of EC junctions, whereas formation of radial stress fibers (RSF) connected to punctate AJs occurs during junction remodeling. The small GTPase Rap1 induces CAB formation to potentiate EC junctions; however, the mechanism underlying Rap1-induced CAB formation remains unknown. Here, we show that myotonic dystrophy kinase–related CDC42-binding kinase (MRCK)-mediated activation of non-muscle myosin II (NM-II) at cell–cell contacts is essential for Rap1-induced CAB formation. Our data suggest that Rap1 induces FGD5-dependent Cdc42 activation at cell–cell junctions to locally activate the NM-II through MRCK, thereby inducing CAB formation. We further reveal that Rap1 suppresses the NM-II activity stimulated by the Rho–ROCK pathway, leading to dissolution of RSF. These findings imply that Rap1 potentiates EC junctions by spatially controlling NM-II activity through activation of the Cdc42–MRCK pathway and suppression of the Rho–ROCK pathway. 相似文献
26.
Yoshio Osada Sohsuke Yamada Atsunori Nabeshima Yasunobu Yamagishi Kenji Ishiwata Susumu Nakae Katsuko Sudo Tamotsu Kanazawa 《Experimental parasitology》2013
Some parasitic helminths are known to protect their hosts from allergic and autoimmune disorders. Here, we tested the effects of a gastrointestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp), on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) in mice. Hp infection significantly suppressed hyperglycemia induced by multiple low-dose administration of STZ, but did not affect hyperglycemia induced by single high-dose administration of STZ. In the multiple low dose model, Hp infection prevented a decrease in pancreatic islet size. The augmentation of TNF-α and IL-1β expression in the pancreas was abrogated by Hp infection. The genetic absence of IL-10 or STAT6 did not abrogate the anti-hyperglycemic effect of Hp. Hp has a suppressive effect on immune mechanism-mediated experimental T1D via Th2 polarization-independent mechanisms. 相似文献
27.
Chisato Kusunoki Liu Yang Takeshi Yoshizaki Fumiyuki Nakagawa Atsushi Ishikado Motoyuki Kondo Katsutaro Morino Osamu Sekine Satoshi Ugi Yoshihiko Nishio Atsunori Kashiwagi Hiroshi Maegawa 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2013,430(1):225-230
Oxidative stress is produced in adipose tissue of obese subjects and has been associated with obesity-related disorders. Recent studies have shown that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω3-PUFA) has beneficial effects in preventing atherosclerotic diseases and insulin resistance in adipose tissue. However, the role of ω3-PUFA on adipocytes has not been elucidated. In this study, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with ω3-PUFA and its metabolites, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or 4-hydroxy hexenal (4-HHE). ω3-PUFA and its metabolites dose-dependently increased mRNA and protein levels of the anti-oxidative enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1); whereas no changes in the well-known anti-oxidant molecules, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, were observed. Knockdown of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) significantly reduced EPA, DHA or 4-HHE-induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression. Also, pretreatment with ω3-PUFA prevented H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in a HO-1 dependent manner. In conclusion, treatment with EPA and DHA induced HO-1 through the activation of Nrf-2 and prevented oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This anti-oxidant defense may be of high therapeutic value for clinical conditions associated with systemic oxidative stress. 相似文献
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29.
Ren Matsuba Minako Imamura Yasushi Tanaka Minoru Iwata Hiroshi Hirose Kohei Kaku Hiroshi Maegawa Hirotaka Watada Kazuyuki Tobe Atsunori Kashiwagi Ryuzo Kawamori Shiro Maeda 《PloS one》2016,11(4)
AimWe performed a replication study in a Japanese population to evaluate the association between type 2 diabetes and six susceptibility loci (TMEM154, SSR1, FAF1, POU5F1, ARL15, and MPHOSPH9) originally identified by a transethnic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 2014.MethodsWe genotyped 7,620 Japanese participants (5,817 type 2 diabetes patients and 1,803 controls) for each of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction invader assay. The association of each SNP locus with the disease was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf the six SNPs examined in this study, four (rs6813195 near TMEM154, rs17106184 in FAF1, rs3130501 in POU5F1 and rs4275659 near MPHOSPH9) had the same direction of effect as in the original reports, but two (rs9505118 in SSR1 and rs702634 in ARL15) had the opposite direction of effect. Among these loci, rs3130501 and rs4275659 were nominally associated with type 2 diabetes (rs3130501; p = 0.017, odds ratio [OR] = 1.113, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.019–1.215, rs4275659; p = 0.012, OR = 1.127, 95% CI 1.026–1.238, adjusted for sex, age and body mass index), but we did not observe a significant association with type 2 diabetes for any of the six evaluated SNP loci in our Japanese population.ConclusionsOur results indicate that effects of the six SNP loci identified in the transethnic GWAS meta-analysis are not major among the Japanese, although SNPs in POU5F1 and MPHOSPH9 loci may have some effect on susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in this population. 相似文献
30.
Takemoto T Nishio Y Sekine O Ikeuchi C Nagai Y Maeno Y Maegawa H Kimura H Kashiwagi A 《FEBS letters》2007,581(2):218-222
In rodents a high-fructose diet induces metabolic derangements similar to those in metabolic syndrome. Previously we suggested that in mouse liver an unidentified nuclear protein binding to the sterol regulatory element (SRE)-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) promoter region plays a key role for the response to high-fructose diet. Here, using MALDI-TOF MASS technique, we identified an X-chromosome-linked RNA binding motif protein (RBMX) as a new candidate molecule. In electrophoretic mobility shift assay, anti-RBMX antibody displaced the bands induced by fructose-feeding. Overexpression or suppression of RBMX on rat hepatoma cells regulated the SREBP-1c promoter activity. RBMX may control SREBP-1c expression in mouse liver in response to high-fructose diet. 相似文献