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51.
Anaerobic metabolism of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) by a denitrifying bacterium 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The anaerobic metabolism of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) was studied in a denitrifying bacterium. Cells grown with
2-hydroxybenzoate were simultaneously adapted to degrade benzoate. Extract of these cells formed benzoate or benzoyl-CoA when
incubated under reducing conditions with salicylate, MgATP, and coenzyme A, suggesting a degradation of 2-hydroxybenzoate
via benzoate or benzoyl-CoA. This suggestion was supported by enzyme activity measurements. In extracts of 2-hydroxybenzoate-grown
cells, the following enzyme activities were detected: two CoA ligases, one specific for 2-hydroxybenzoate, the other for benzoate,
and two different enzyme activities catalyzing the reductive transformation of 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA. These findings suggest
a degradation of salicylic acid by two new enzymes, 2-hydroxybenzoate-CoA ligase (AMP-forming) and 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase
(dehydroxylating), catalyzing (1) 2-hydroxybenzoate + MgATP + CoASH → 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + MgAMP + PPi (2) 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + 2[H] → benzoyl-CoA + H2O Benzoyl-CoA was dearomatized by reduction of the ring. This represents another case in which benzoyl-CoA is a central intermediate
in anaerobic aromatic metabolism.
Received: 1 February 1996 / Accepted: 24 February 1996 相似文献
52.
M Hollstein K Rice M S Greenblatt T Soussi R Fuchs T Srlie E Hovig B Smith-Srensen R Montesano C C Harris 《Nucleic acids research》1994,22(17):3551-3555
53.
In 1981–1992, the breeding fauna of 153 fishponds was studies in three fishpond regions in south Bohemia (Czechoslovakia). On each pond, all water and wetland birds were censused by the Two-check method, which consists of adult birds counts during each breeding season (the first in the second part of May, and the second in the second part of June). We assessed the numbers of all species living in water and wetland habitats in the breeding season.The decline in abundances (expressed as number of individuals) of ducks (Anatinae), grebes (Podicipediformes), Coot (Fulica atra), Moorhen (Galinulla chloropus), Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus) were the most marked changes recorded. Marked increase in abundances was found in Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) during the whole decade, whereas in Graylag Goose (Anser anser) the increase was restricted to the first half of the period under study. Numbers of charadriform and passeriform birds fluctuated in the dependence of water level variation. 相似文献
54.
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56.
Eric Glasgow †Robert K. Druger †Chana Fuchs †Edward M. Levine †Suzanne Giordano † Nisson Schechter 《Journal of neurochemistry》1994,63(2):470-481
Abstract: In efforts to determine the primary structure of intermediate filament proteins in the goldfish visual pathway, we isolated clones from a retinal λgt11 cDNA expression library that represent goldfish vimentin. We show that there are at least two forms of goldfish vimentin, designated as vimentin α and vimentin β. RNase protection assays indicate that vimentin α mRNA is expressed in low amounts in retina, optic nerve, and brain and in higher amounts in spinal cord. In contrast, vimentin β mRNA is expressed in low amounts in retina, optic nerve, brain, and spinal cord and in very high amounts in eye lens. Immunohistochemical studies show that in the optic nerve, vimentin α is mainly restricted to blood vessels, meninges, and septa. Light staining is observed with this antibody in an astrocytic glial pattern throughout the optic nerve. Two-dimensional gel analysis shows that all of these goldfish vimentins are low abundant components of optic nerve cytoskeletal preparations. 相似文献
57.
A physiological role for cyanate-induced carbonic anhydrase in Escherichia coli. 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
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M B Guilloton A F Lamblin E I Kozliak M Gerami-Nejad C Tu D Silverman P M Anderson J A Fuchs 《Journal of bacteriology》1993,175(5):1443-1451
Cyanate induces expression of the cyn operon in Escherichia coli. The cyn operon includes the gene cynS, encoding cyanase, which catalyzes the reaction of cyanate with bicarbonate to give ammonia and carbon dioxide. A carbonic anhydrase activity was recently found to be encoded by the cynT gene, the first gene of the cyn operon; it was proposed that carbonic anhydrase prevents depletion of bicarbonate during cyanate decomposition due to loss of CO2 by diffusion out of the cell (M. B. Guilloton, J. J. Korte, A. F. Lamblin, J. A. Fuchs, and P. M. Anderson, J. Biol. Chem. 267:3731-3734, 1992). The function of the product of the third gene of this operon, cynX, is unknown. In the study reported here, the physiological roles of cynT and cynX were investigated by construction of chromosomal mutants in which each of the three genes was rendered inactive. The delta cynT chromosomal mutant expressed an active cyanase but no active carbonic anhydrase. In contrast to the wild-type strain, the growth of the delta cynT strain was inhibited by cyanate, and the mutant strain was unable to degrade cyanate and therefore could not use cyanate as the sole nitrogen source when grown at a partial CO2 pressures (pCO2) of 0.03% (air). At a high pCO2 (3%), however, the delta cynT strain behaved like the wild-type strain; it was significantly less sensitive to the toxic effects of cyanate and could degrade cyanate and use cyanate as the sole nitrogen source for growth. These results are consistent with the proposed function for carbonic anhydrase. The chromosomal mutant carrying cynS::kan expressed induced carbonic anhydrase activity but no active cyanase. The cynS::kan mutant was found to be much less sensitive to cyanate than the delta cynT mutant at a low pCO2, indicating that bicarbonate depletion due to the reaction of bicarbonate with cyanate catalyzed by cyanase is more deleterious to growth than direct inhibition by cyanate. Mutants carrying a nonfunctional cynX gene (cynX::kan and delta cynT cynX::kan) did not differ from the parental strains with respect to cyanate sensitivity, presence of carbonic anhydrase and cyanase, or degradation of cyanate by whole cells; the physiological role of the cynX product remains unknown. 相似文献
58.
Multiple copies of genes coding for electron transport proteins in the bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea. 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
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H McTavish F LaQuier D Arciero M Logan G Mundfrom J A Fuchs A B Hooper 《Journal of bacteriology》1993,175(8):2445-2447
The genome of Nitrosomonas europaea contains at least three copies each of the genes coding for hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) and cytochrome c554. A copy of an HAO gene is always located within 2.7 kb of a copy of a cytochrome c554 gene. Cytochrome P-460, a protein that shares very unusual spectral features with HAO, was found to be encoded by a gene separate from the HAO genes. 相似文献
59.
Werner Sieghart Chike Item rea Buchstaller Karoline Fuchs Harald Höger Dieter Adamiker 《Journal of neurochemistry》1993,60(1):93-98
Abstract: Polyclonal antibodies were raised to synthetic peptides having amino acid sequences corresponding with the N- or C-terminal part of the γ-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA ) receptor α5 -subunit. These anti-peptide α5 (2–10) or anti-peptide α5 (427–433) antibodies reacted specifically with GABAA receptors purified from the brains of 5–10-day-old rats in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were able to dose-dependently immunoprecipitate up to 6.3 or 13.1% of the GABAA receptors present in the incubation, respectively. In immunoblots, each of these antibodies reacted with the same two protein bands with apparent molecular mass of 53 or 57 kDa. After exhaustive treatment of purified GABAA receptors with N -Glycanase, each of these antibodies identified two proteins with apparent molecular masses of 46 and 48 kDa. Additional treatment of GABAA receptors with neuraminidase and O -Glycanase resulted in an apparently single protein with molecular mass of 47 kDa, which again was identified by both the anti-peptide α5 (2–10) and the anti-peptide α5 (427–433) antibody. These results indicate the existence of at least two different α5 -sub-units of the GABAA receptor that differ in their carbohydrate content. In contrast to other α- or β-subunits of GABAA receptors so far investigated, at least one of these two α5 -subunits contains O-linked carbohydrates. 相似文献
60.