全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1015篇 |
免费 | 104篇 |
专业分类
1119篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 20篇 |
2015年 | 22篇 |
2014年 | 24篇 |
2013年 | 39篇 |
2012年 | 48篇 |
2011年 | 52篇 |
2010年 | 24篇 |
2009年 | 27篇 |
2008年 | 50篇 |
2007年 | 35篇 |
2006年 | 34篇 |
2005年 | 44篇 |
2004年 | 35篇 |
2003年 | 39篇 |
2002年 | 30篇 |
2001年 | 30篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 24篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 18篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 14篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1960年 | 6篇 |
1936年 | 18篇 |
1933年 | 13篇 |
1932年 | 8篇 |
1931年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有1119条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
62.
Menco BERT PH. M. Cunningham ANNE M. Qasba PANKAJ Levy NINA Reed RANDALL R. 《Brain Cell Biology》1997,26(10):691-706
Two different polyclonal antibodies were raised to synthetic peptides corresponding to distinct putative odour receptors of rat and mouse. Both antibodies selectively labelled olfactory cilia as seen with cryofixation and immunogold ultrastructural procedures. Regions of the olfactory organ where label was detected were consistent with those found at LM levels. Immunopositive cells were rare; only up to about 0.4% of these receptor cells were labelled. Despite chemical, species, and topographic differences both antibodies behaved identically in their ultrastructural labelling patterns. For both antibodies, labelling was very specific for olfactory cilia; both bound amply to the thick proximal and the thinner and long distal parts of the cilia. Dendritic knobs showed little labelling if any. Dendritic receptor cell structures below the knobs, supporting cell structures, and respiratory cilia did not immunolabel. There were no obvious differences in morphology between labelled and unlabelled receptor cells and their cilia. Labelling could be followed up to a distance of about 15 μm from the knobs along the distal parts of the cilia. When labelled cells were observed, this signal was detectable in two, sometimes three, sections taken through these cells while being consistently absent in neighbouring cells. This pattern argues strongly for the specificity of the labelling. In conclusion, very few receptor cells labelled with the antibodies to putative odour receptors. Additionally the olfactory cilia, the cellular regions that first encounter odour molecules and that are thought to transduce the odorous signal, displayed the most intense labelling with both antibodies. Consequently, the results showed these cilia as having many copies of the putative receptors. Finally, similar patterns of subcellular labelling were displayed in two different species, despite the use of different antibodies. Thus, this study provides compelling evidence that the heptahelical putative odour receptors localize in the olfactory cilia. 相似文献
63.
Enzymatic methylation of in vitro synthesized apocytochrome c enhances its transport into mitochondria 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
64.
John M J Kirwan Douglas G Tincello Jonathan J O Herod Olive Frost Robert E Kingston 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》2002,324(7330):148-151
ObjectiveTo examine referral pathways from primary care for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and to identify factors related to survival at 18 months.DesignRetrospective review of patient notes.SettingGeneral practices and receiving hospitals within Mersey region.Subjects135 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer identified from an audit in the Mersey area between 1992 and 1994.Results105 (78%) women first presented to their general practitioner within four weeks of the onset of symptoms. 99 (73%) women were referred to hospital by their general practitioners within four weeks of presentation, and 95 (70%) were seen in hospital within two weeks of referral. Multivariate analysis with survival as the dependent variable identified age (odds ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.93 to 0.99) cancer stage III or more (0.15, 0.05 to 0.43), and non-specific symptoms (0.36, 0.14 to 0.89) as significant variables.ConclusionMost patients attended their general practitioner within four weeks and were referred within two weeks. No evidence was found that delays in referral or diagnosis adversely affected survival at 18 months. Stage of disease at surgery was the most important adverse factor. An effective screening programme is the most likely method to improve survival.
What is already known on this topic
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in the United Kingdom75% of patients present with advanced incurable disease, and five year survival is 30%The Department of Health recommends that everyone suspected of having ovarian cancer should be seen within two weeks of referral by their general practitionerWhat this study adds
78% of patients have had symptoms for less than 4 weeks when they present to general practice and are referred to hospital within four weeks of presentation70% of patients are seen in hospital within two weeks of the referralDelay by patients and general practitioners does not affect survival beyond 18 months 相似文献65.
Lieberman JA Frost NA Hoppert M Fernandes PJ Vogt SL Raivio TL Blanpied TA Donnenberg MS 《Journal of bacteriology》2012,194(7):1646-1658
Type IV pili (T4P) are filamentous surface appendages required for tissue adherence, motility, aggregation, and transformation in a wide array of bacteria and archaea. The bundle-forming pilus (BFP) of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a prototypical T4P and confirmed virulence factor. T4P fibers are assembled by a complex biogenesis machine that extrudes pili through an outer membrane (OM) pore formed by the secretin protein. Secretins constitute a superfamily of proteins that assemble into multimers and support the transport of macromolecules by four evolutionarily ancient secretion systems: T4P, type II secretion, type III secretion, and phage assembly. Here, we determine that the lipoprotein transport pathway is not required for targeting the BfpB secretin protein of the EPEC T4P to the OM and describe the ultrastructure of the single particle averaged structures of the assembled complex by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, we use photoactivated localization microscopy to determine the distribution of single BfpB molecules fused to photoactivated mCherry. In contrast to findings in other T4P systems, we found that BFP components predominantly have an uneven distribution through the cell envelope and are only found at one or both poles in a minority of cells. In addition, we report that concurrent mutation of both the T4bP secretin and the retraction ATPase can result in viable cells and found that these cells display paradoxically low levels of cell envelope stress response activity. These results imply that secretins can direct their own targeting, have complex distributions and provide feedback information on the state of pilus biogenesis. 相似文献
66.
The nucleotide sequences of five finP alleles from various IncF plasmids (finP types I to V) as well as of three finP mutations were determined and compared. The finP gene specificity could be attributed to a variable, six-to-seven-nucleotide loop located between inverted repeats, and the sequence data were consistent with the product of finP being an RNA molecule rather than a protein. The finP mutations interrupted a proposed finP promoter or destabilized a predicted stem-and-loop structure in the finP RNA molecule. 相似文献
67.
Phenotypic hypersusceptibility to multiple protease inhibitors and low replicative capacity in patients who are chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 下载免费PDF全文
Martinez-Picado J Wrin T Frost SD Clotet B Ruiz L Brown AJ Petropoulos CJ Parkin NT 《Journal of virology》2005,79(10):5907-5913
Increased susceptibility to the protease inhibitors saquinavir and amprenavir has been observed in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with specific mutations in protease (V82T and N88S). Increased susceptibility to ritonavir has also been described in some viruses from antiretroviral agent-naive patients with primary HIV-1 infection in association with combinations of amino acid changes at polymorphic sites in the protease. Many of the viruses displaying increased susceptibility to protease inhibitors also had low replication capacity. In this retrospective study, we analyze the drug susceptibility phenotype and the replication capacity of virus isolates obtained at the peaks of viremia during five consecutive structured treatment interruptions in 12 chronically HIV-1-infected patients. Ten out of 12 patients had at least one sample with protease inhibitor hypersusceptibility (change =0.4-fold) to one or more protease inhibitor. Hypersusceptibility to different protease inhibitors was observed at variable frequency, ranging from 38% to amprenavir to 11% to nelfinavir. Pairwise comparisons between susceptibilities for the protease inhibitors showed a consistent correlation among all pairs. There was also a significant relationship between susceptibility to protease inhibitors and replication capacity in all patients. Replication capacity remained stable over the course of repetitive cycles of structured treatment interruptions. We could find no association between in vitro replication capacity and in vivo plasma viral load doubling time and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell counts at each treatment interruption. Several mutations were associated with hypersusceptibility to each protease inhibitor in a univariate analysis. This study extends the association between hypersusceptibility to protease inhibitors and low replication capacity to virus isolated from chronically infected patients and highlights the complexity of determining the genetic basis of this phenomenon. The potential clinical relevance of protease inhibitor hypersusceptibility and low replication capacity to virologic response to protease inhibitor-based therapies deserves to be investigated further. 相似文献
68.
69.
70.
Muscle surfaces of pork were inoculated with a mixture of Yersinia enterocolitica and Staphylococcus aureus , and chicken muscle with Campylobacter jejuni or a mixture of Salmonella typhimurium and Staph. aureus . The surface growth at 20°C was followed microscopically. Organisms grew as discrete colonies bound together by a glycocalyx which differed between bacterial species. On prolonged incubation colonies spread peripherally and tended to coalesce, while still retaining their colony structure. Staphlycoccus aureus colonies were very small and remained so. The glycocalyx was considered critical in maintaining the dense populations of bacteria on the meat surfaces. 相似文献