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61.
62.
Yu. S. Khairulina M. V. Molotkov K. N. Bulygin D. M. Graifer A. G. Ven’yaminova L. Yu. Frolova J. Stahl G. G. Karpova 《Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry》2008,34(6):691-697
Protein S3 fragments were determined that crosslink to modified mRNA analogues in positions +5 to +12 relative to the first nucleotide in the P-site bound codon in model complexes mimicking states of ribosomes at the elongation and translation termination steps. The mRNA analogues contained a Phe codon UUU/UUC at the 5′-termini that could predetermine the position of the tRNAPhe on the ribosome by the P-site binding and perfluorophenylazidobenzoyl group at a nucleotide in various positions 3′ of the UUU/UUC codon. The crosslinked S3 protein was isolated from 80S ribosomal complexes irradiated with mild UV light and subjected to cyanogen bromide—induced cleavage at methionine residues with subsequent identification of the crosslinked oligopeptides. An analysis of the positions of modified oligopeptides resulting from the cleavage showed that, in dependence on the positions of modified nucleotides in the mRNA analogue, the crosslinking sites were found in the N-terminal half of the protein (fragment 2–217) and/or in the C-terminal fragment 190–236; the latter reflects a new peculiarity in the structure of the mRNA binding center in the ribosome, unknown to date. The results of crosslinking did not depend on the type of A-site codon or on the presence of translation termination factor eRF1. 相似文献
63.
Hsin-Chou Yang Mei-Chu Huang Ling-Hui Li Chien-Hsing Lin Alice LT Yu Mitchell B Diccianni Jer-Yuarn Wu Yuan-Tsong Chen Cathy SJ Fann 《BMC bioinformatics》2008,9(1):196
Background
Microarray-based pooled DNA experiments that combine the merits of DNA pooling and gene chip technology constitute a pivotal advance in biotechnology. This new technique uses pooled DNA, thereby reducing costs associated with the typing of DNA from numerous individuals. Moreover, use of an oligonucleotide gene chip reduces costs related to processing various DNA segments (e.g., primers, reagents). Thus, the technique provides an overall cost-effective solution for large-scale genomic/genetic research. However, few publicly shared tools are available to systematically analyze the rapidly accumulating volume of whole-genome pooled DNA data. 相似文献64.
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67.
The development of respiratory trees in the holothurian Apostichopus japonicus has been studied using light and electron microscopy. Primordial respiratory trees emerge in 2–3-mm-long animals (2 months
after fertilization). They arise as two independent outgrowths from the dorsal wall of the anterior part of the cloaca. Upon
first emerging and throughout the course of development, the left respiratory tree is longer than the right one. A common
base develops in 4-mm-long animals (2–3 months after fertilization). In yearlings, the left respiratory tree grows into gaps
between the loops of the intestinal tube interlaced with intestinal hemal vessels. The developing coelomic and luminal epithelia
have ultrastructural peculiarities. The luminal epithelium of respiratory trees has been shown for the first time to comprise
nerve cells and their processes. Characteristic structural features of the epithelia are shown to begin developing as early
as in 4-mm-long animals (2–3 months after fertilization). In yearlings, the respiratory trees demonstrate definitive structural
patterns and are entirely functional. 相似文献
68.
B. D. Eliseev E. Z. Alkalaeva P. N. Kryuchkova S. A. Lekomtsev Wei Wang Ai-Hua Liang L. Yu. Frolova 《Molecular Biology》2011,45(4):614-618
In species with variant genetic codes, one or two stop codons encode amino acid residues and are not recognized by the intrinsic
class I translation termination factor (eRF1). Ciliata include a large number of species with variant genetic codes. The stop
codon specificity of the Blepharisma japonicum translation termination factor eRF1 was determined in an in vitro eukaryotic translation system and in an in vivo assay (a
dual reporter system). It was shown that eRF1 of B. japonicum retained specificity to all three stop codons, although the efficiency of peptydyl-tRNA hydrolysis in the presence of UGA
was reduced in the in vitro assay. Since Heterotrichea (including B. japonicum) are the earliest diverged lineage in the phylogenetic tree of ciliates, B. japonicum probably possesses a universal genetic code similar to the putative ciliate ancestor group. 相似文献
69.
Eliseev BD Alkalaeva EZ Kriuchkova PN Lekomtsev SA Wang W Liang AH Frolova LIu 《Molekuliarnaia biologiia》2011,45(4):668-672
We have determined the type of stop codon specificity of Blepharisma japonicum translation termination factor eRF1 in an in vitro reconstituted eukaryotic translation system and in in vivo assay (the dual reporter system). We have shown that B. japonicum eRF1 retained specificity towards all three stop codons although efficiency of peptydyl-tRNA hydrolysis in the presence of UGA is reduced in an in vitro assay. We suggest that since the heterotrich B. japonicum represents the earliest diverged lineage on phylogenetic tree of ciliates, B. japonicum has the universal genetic code as ancestor group for all ciliates. 相似文献
70.
A tumor was found for the first time in a musselMytilus trossulus from aheavily polluted area of Nakhodka Bay, Sea of Japan. Tumor cells were found in the connective tissue of different organs
and also in gill vessels and hemal sinuses of the visceral mass. They were both attached and diffuse. The tumor was at an
advanced stage, replacing the normal connective tissue cells, and formed nodes. The tumor cells were polymorphic, with a high
nucleocytoplasmic ratio, and had a prominent nucleolus. The size of their nuclei was three to five times that of the nuclei
of agranular hemocytes. The mitotic activity of the tumor cells was more than an order of magnitude higher than in the normal
cells: The mean mitotic index was 1.4±0.5%, ranging from 0.97 to 2.3% in different organs. The mitotic indices in the connective
tissue cells of three normal mussels were 0, 0, and 0.12%. A significant proportion (up to 78%) of the mitotic cells were
at metaphase. The frequency of abnormal mitoses was 17%. Metaphases with displaced (often multiple) chromosomes constituted
71% of abnormal mitoses; anaphases, 8%; and tri- and tetrapolar mitoses, 11%. The tumor described is similar to diffuse sarcomatoid
diseases of mussels from other geographical regions. 相似文献