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ANDREA NARDINI FABIO RAIMONDO MARIA A. LO GULLO SEBASTIANO SALLEO 《Plant, cell & environment》2010,33(7):1091-1100
Leaf hydraulics of Aesculus hippocastanum L. were measured over the growing season and during extensive leaf mining by the larvae of an invasive moth (Cameraria ohridella Deschka et Dimic) that specifically destroy the palisade tissue. Leaves showed seasonal changes in hydraulic resistance (Rlamina) which were related to ontogeny. After leaf expansion was complete, the hydraulic resistance of leaves and the partitioning of resistances between vascular and extra‐vascular compartments remained unchanged despite extensive disruption of the palisade by leafminers (up to 50%). This finding suggests that water flow from the petiole to the evaporation sites might not directly involve the palisade cells. The analysis of the temperature dependence of Rlamina in terms of Q10 revealed that at least one transmembrane step was involved in water transport outside the leaf vasculature. Anatomical analysis suggested that this symplastic step may be located at the bundle sheath where the apoplast is interrupted by hydrophobic thickening of cell walls. Our findings offer some support to the view of a compartmentalization of leaves into well‐organized water pools so that the transpiration stream would involve veins, bundle sheath and spongy parenchyma, while the palisade tissue would be largely by‐passed with the possible advantage of protecting cells from short‐term fluctuations in water status. 相似文献
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We report measurements of hydraulic conductivity of Vitis oinifera,Oleo europaea and Populus deltoides 1-year-old twigs. Singleserial internodes were tested for the volume flow rate whichwas related to: (a) the xylem tissue cross-sectional area, (b)the vessel lumina cross-sectional area and (c) the leaf surfacearea supplied by a given stem section. From this, whole xylemhydraulic conductivity (Lx), vessel lumina hydraulic conductivity(Lxv) and leaf specific conductivity (LSC) were calculated.All the three parameters turned out to be linearly related toeach other. This is kcause: (a) the leaf surface area (A1) waslinearly related to xylem cross-sectional area (Ax and (b) theratio of the vessel lumina cross-sectional area (Axv) to xylemcross-sectional area (Ax) was approximately constant along thetwigs. Moreover, the hydraulic conductivity of twig segmentswhere buds grow most actively (distal internodes in V. viniferaand proximal ones in O. europaea) was much lower than in therest of the twigs. A possible role played by these constrictedtwig regions is discussed. Key words: Changes, Hydraulic conductivity, Stem 相似文献
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Ultrasound acoustic emissions from dehydrating leaves of deciduous and evergreen trees 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
S. B. KIKUTA M. A. LO GULLO A. NARDINI H. RICHTER S. SALLEO 《Plant, cell & environment》1997,20(11):1381-1390
While drying, detached leaves produced ultrasound acoustic emissions (UAE) comparable to emissions from stem and twig wood. Experiments on Ilex aquifolium L. showed that the main source of these signals was cavitation in the veins, to which conduits and fibres probably both contributed. Regions of the leaf blade with abundant mesophyll and only small veins emitted few signals. More signals were counted on the adaxial side of the midrib than on the abaxial one and on the proximal third than on the distal one, in accordance with the anatomical structure. Sound attenuation was pronounced. Eight species were compared with respect to cavitation behaviour, field water relations and pressure–volume curves, and the data showed differences in cumulative number of events and resistance of leaves to cavitation. Data were generally in good agreement with anatomical structure and habitat preferences. The number of signals per conduit counted on cross-sections was in some leaves much higher than unity, which suggests short xylem elements or an acoustic activity of cells other than conduits. There was no correlation between cavitation threshold or cumulative number of signals and the degree of sclerophylly; unexpectedly, there was a correlation between the cumulative number of signals at a water potential of -1.3 MPa and the bulk modulus of elasticity. 相似文献
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在离体脑片上测定了24个家兔外膝体中继细胞的被动膜特性。它们的静息电位为-62.7±4.1mV(SD);膜输入阻抗为30.4±11.2MΩ。运用Rall的线性电缆模型,计算出这些神经元树突的电紧张长度(L)为0.79±0.13;电压衰减因数(H)为回.33±0.11。说明家兔外膝体中继细胞是电学紧密的,树突远端的电位可扩散到胞体,幅度仅衰减25%左右。 相似文献
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自发性高血压大鼠中枢血管紧张素Ⅱ的变化对中枢肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素含量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
自发性高血压大鼠中枢肾上腺能递质含量异常,然其原因仍不清楚。本工作发现:12周龄易卒中型自发性高血压大鼠(SHRSP)脑桥,下丘脑后部、尾核中去甲肾上腺素(NE)含量及延髓、下丘脑前部,下丘脑后部中肾上腺素(E)含量均高于同龄 Wista Kyoto 大鼠(WKY),SHRSP 中枢 AⅡ含量亦明显高于同龄 WKY;向8周龄 SHRSP 和 WKY 侧脑室慢性灌注巯甲丙脯氨酸,不仅降低动脉血压及各脑区AⅡ含量,亦使中枢 NE 及 E 水平下降,但巯甲丙脯氨酸对 SHRSP 的影响远较对 WKY 明显。结果提示:SHRSP 中枢肾上腺能递质含量增加可能与 SHRSP 中枢 AⅡ量含量升高以及 SHRSP 中枢 AⅡ对中枢肾上腺能递质的促释放调节机制明显易化有关。 相似文献
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易卒中型自发性高血压大鼠中枢和血管中血管紧张素Ⅱ与血压变化关系 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
工作分析了不同年龄易卒中型自发性高血压大鼠(SHRSP)主动脉中血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅡ)含量与收缩压(SBP)间的关系。SHRSP的SBP在12及16周龄时均持续上升,20周龄时不再继续上升但维持在高水平;三个年龄组的SHRSP的主动脉AⅡ含量均明显高于同年龄WKY对照鼠,向SHRSP侧脑室灌注巯甲丙脯氨酸四周不仅降低脑区中AⅡ含量,而且具有明显降压效应,同时显著降低主动脉AⅡ含量及血浆、主动脉中去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素水平,上述结果证实了SHRSP血管中肾素-血管紧张素系统活动的异常与高血压发病学间的密切关系,提示中枢AⅡ可能通过易化外周交感-肾上腺系统活动调节血管中AⅡ水平。 相似文献