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81.
Eight of nine cats inoculated with strain ME-49 and challenged with three different strains of Toxoplasma were immune to oocyst shedding, as ascertained with bioassays of their feces. In a second experiment, only toxoplasma asexual stages were seen in H&E stained gut sections of cats treated with suppressive doses of sulfamerazine and pyrimethamine starting 2 days after oral inoculation with cysts of the strain ME-49 and killed 6 days later. In a third experiment, four cats were similarly inoculated and treated for 20 days. Six weeks later, the cats received an oral homologous challenge with cysts, and none shed toxoplasma oocysts. An acceptable level of cross-protection was achieved with strain ME-49, and therefore, it can be used as a candidate strain from which antigens could be tested for enteric protection. 相似文献
82.
Job FM van Boven Eline Tommelein Koen Boussery Els Mehuys Stefan Vegter Guy GO Brusselle Maureen PMH Rutten-van M?lken Maarten J Postma 《Respiratory research》2014,15(1):66
Background
The PHARMACOP-intervention significantly improved medication adherence and inhalation technique for patients with COPD compared with usual care. This study aimed to evaluate its cost-effectiveness.Methods
An economic analysis was performed from the Belgian healthcare payer’s perspective. A Markov model was constructed in which a representative group of patients with COPD (mean age of 70 years, 66% male, 43% current smokers and mean Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second of % predicted of 50), was followed for either receiving the 3-month PHARMACOP-intervention or usual care. Three types of costs were calculated: intervention costs, medication costs and exacerbation costs. Outcome measures included the number of hospital-treated exacerbations, cost per prevented hospital-treated exacerbation and cost per Quality Adjusted Life-Year. Follow-up was 1 year in the basecase analysis. Sensitivity and scenario analyses (including long-term follow-up) were performed to assess uncertainty.Results
In the basecase analysis, the average overall costs per patient for the PHARMACOP-intervention and usual care were €2,221 and €2,448, respectively within the 1-year time horizon. This reflects cost savings of €227 for the PHARMACOP-intervention. The PHARMACOP-intervention resulted in the prevention of 0.07 hospital-treated exacerbations per patient (0.177 for PHARMACOP versus 0.244 for usual care). Results showed robust cost-savings in various sensitivity analyses.Conclusions
Optimization of current pharmacotherapy (e.g. close monitoring of inhalation technique and medication adherence) has been shown to be cost-saving and should be considered before adding new therapies. 相似文献83.
Liane FM Finotelo Paulo JS Amaral Julio C Pieczarka Edivaldo HC de Oliveira Alcides Pissinati Michaela Neusser Stephan Müller Cleusa Y Nagamachi 《BMC evolutionary biology》2010,10(1):189
Background
The New World monkey (Platyrrhini) subfamily Pitheciinae is represented by the genera Pithecia, Chiropotes and Cacajao. In this work we studied the karyotypes of Pithecia irrorata (2n = 48) and Cacajao calvus rubicundus (2n = 45 in males and 2n = 46 in females) by G- and C-banding, NOR staining and chromosome painting using human and Saguinus oedipus whole chromosome probes. The karyotypes of both species were compared with each other and with Chiropotes utahicki (2n = 54) from the literature. 相似文献84.
Direct anti-metastatic efficacy by the DNA enzyme Dz13 and downregulated MMP-2, MMP-9 and MT1-MMP in tumours 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The DNA enzyme Dz13, targeted against the oncogene c-Jun, is capable of inhibiting various model tumours in mice albeit in
ectopic models of neoplasia. In previous studies using orthotopic models of disease, the inhibitory effects of Dz13 on secondary
growth was a direct result of growth inhibition at the primary lesion site. Thus, the direct and genuine effects on metastasis
were not gauged. In this study, Dz13 was able to inhibit both locoregional and distal metastasis of tumour cells in mice,
in studies where the primary tumours were unaffected due to the late and clinically-mimicking nature of treatment commencement.
In addition, the effect of Dz13 against tumours has now been extended to encompass breast and prostate cancer. Dz13 upregulated
the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and decreased expression of MT1-MMP (MMP-14) in cultured tumour cells. However,
in sections of ectopic tumours treated with Dz13, both MMP-2 and MMP-9 were downregulated. Thus, not only is Dz13 able to
inhibit tumour growth at the primary site, but also able to decrease the ability of neoplastic cells to metastasise. These
findings further highlight the growing potential of Dz13 as an antineoplastic agent. 相似文献
85.
A Freyre J Falcón O Correa S El Elhou J Mendez C Gedda 《The Journal of parasitology》1999,85(4):746-748
A 10% transplacental transmission rate was observed in litters from 89 Wistar rats chronically infected with Toxoplasmosis gondii, as judging from bioassays. The rats had been fed T. gondii 2 mo prior to mating. Six of 7 isolates of T. gondii were transplacentally transmitted. The frequency of transmission did not appear to be affected by the strain of T. gondii or the size of the inoculum. 相似文献
86.
87.
R H Waldman P A Wigley FM Small 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1970,105(6):1477-1483