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51.
Joseph Minton 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1936,2(3963):1287-1288
52.
Frank G. Nordlie 《Hydrobiologia》2000,434(1-3):165-182
A wide variety of teleost fishes occur in tidal marshes of Atlantic and Gulf coasts of Florida, few of which breed in these habitats or remain there for extended periods of time. A significant fraction of teleosts that do so are members of one of five families. Eleven representative species belonging to these families, whose reproduction and development are considered here, include: Adinia xenica, Fundulus confluentus, F. grandis and F. similis (Fundulidae); Cyprinodon variegatus, Floridichthys carpio and Jordanella floridae (Cyprinodontidae); Gambusia holbrooki and Poecilia latipinna (Poeciliidae); Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae); and Dormitator maculatus (Eleotridae). Spawning or birth locations, patterns of growth and development, times of use of the salt marsh as a nursery area, and development of salinity tolerances/osmotic regulatory capabilities were evaluated for each, considering these in the context of variability of environmental conditions, especially of salinity. Five different patterns of reproduction are shown by these 11 species, and only A. xenica appears to be limited to reproducing in the salt marsh environment. Some of these species are capable of reproducing throughout the year. Several of the species are annuals, most others live only 2 or 3 years. Eight species (those other than M. cephalus, A. xenica and G. holbrooki) were found to show no size relationship, large juvenile to adult sizes, in osmotic regulatory capabilities. 相似文献
53.
Elliott C. Kulakowski Joseph Maturo Stephen W. Schaffer 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》1981,210(1):204-209
Cardiac sarcolemma preparations of both pig and rat ventricles were found to possess two sets of taurine-binding components. The two proteins from pig heart were solubilized with the detergent Ammonyx-Lo. Characterization of these solubilized proteins revealed that both components are glycoproteins and retain the binding properties observed for the membrane isolate. However, the characterization also revealed several differences between the proteins including their binding specificities, their affinities for taurine, their binding isotherms, and their molecular sizes. Possible functions of these two taurine-binding proteins are discussed. 相似文献
54.
New techniques for enzymatic dissociation of mammalian tastecells allowed us to study, for the first time, the morphologyof murine taste receptor cells using high resolution scanningelectron microscopy. Cell shape varied from spindle to bipolarto lamellar, similar to shapes previously described in cellsfrom amphibian taste buds. Cell length varied from 19 to 65µm (39 ± 19 µm), with width averaging 6 ±3.4 µm. A rare picture of the apical microvilli of a tastereceptor cell, and a view of microvilli within a taste pore,suggest that at any given time, five to eight taste cells maybe exposed to the oral cavity. Assuming a cell life-span of10 days, and 50 cells per bud, all of which eventually reachthe taste pore, one can calculate that the average cell is exposedto the oral environment for 相似文献
55.
Qingfeng Chen Corey S. Westfall Leslie M. Hicks Shiping Wang Joseph M. Jez 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(39):29780-29786
The GH3 family of acyl-acid-amido synthetases catalyze the ATP-dependent formation of amino acid conjugates to modulate levels of active plant hormones, including auxins and jasmonates. Initial biochemical studies of various GH3s show that these enzymes group into three families based on sequence relationships and acyl-acid substrate preference (I, jasmonate-conjugating; II, auxin- and salicylic acid-conjugating; III, benzoate-conjugating); however, little is known about the kinetic and chemical mechanisms of these enzymes. Here we use GH3-8 from Oryza sativa (rice; OsGH3-8), which functions as an indole-acetic acid (IAA)-amido synthetase, for detailed mechanistic studies. Steady-state kinetic analysis shows that the OsGH3-8 requires either Mg2+ or Mn2+ for maximal activity and is specific for aspartate but accepts asparagine as a substrate with a 45-fold decrease in catalytic efficiency and accepts other auxin analogs, including phenyl-acetic acid, indole butyric acid, and naphthalene-acetic acid, as acyl-acid substrates with 1.4–9-fold reductions in kcat/Km relative to IAA. Initial velocity and product inhibition studies indicate that the enzyme uses a Bi Uni Uni Bi Ping Pong reaction sequence. In the first half-reaction, ATP binds first followed by IAA. Next, formation of an adenylated IAA intermediate results in release of pyrophosphate. The second half-reaction begins with binding of aspartate, which reacts with the adenylated intermediate to release IAA-Asp and AMP. Formation of a catalytically competent adenylated-IAA reaction intermediate was confirmed by mass spectrometry. These mechanistic studies provide insight on the reaction catalyzed by the GH3 family of enzymes to modulate plant hormone action. 相似文献
56.
The climbing habit has evolved independently in many plant taxa, offering vines the ability to compete with non-climbing vegetation
for resources such as light, nutrients, and water. This review examines the structural and functional characteristics that
allow climbing plants to (1) achieve widespread dispersal, (2) transport large amounts of water throughout vessels, (3) maintain
high photosynthesis levels through a large leaf area to biomass ratio, (4) achieve rapid vertical and horizontal expansion
by fast growth rates and various climbing mechanisms and (5) survive and recover from disturbances. Due to the competitive
effects of vines on trees, management of vine growth is used to preserve tropical timber plantations, combat invasive weeds,
and promote rainforest recovery. In order to sustainably manage the vines into the future, it is necessary to understand the
mechanisms by which they can alter tropical forest succession and the impacts of various management techniques. 相似文献
57.
58.
Edmund H. Frank Boyce W. Burge Boleslaw H. Liwnicz Linda J. Lotspeich Jocelyn C. White Steven L. Wechsler Frank H. Mayfield Jeffrey T. Keller 《Experimental cell research》1983,146(2):371-376
Cells from cranial and spinal arachnoid membranes of humans were grown in culture. Their growth characteristics, morphology and details of their cytoskeletal composition are described. Arachnoid membranes, obtained at autopsy, were finely minced and incubated in tissue culture medium. Monolayers of cells of homogeneous morphology grew from these tissue fragments. The cells were flat and polygonal. They divided slowly to form non-overlapping monolayers of low cell density. Electron microscopic examination of cultured arachnoid cells revealed numerous desmosome-like tight junctions and abundant intermediate filaments (tonofilaments). Both morphological features are characteristic of arachnoid cells in situ, but not of cells in the fibroblast-rich dura mater. Immunofluorescence microscopy with monoclonal antibodies demonstrated cytokeratin in the cytoplasm of primary cultures of arachnoid cells. Thus we demonstrated that these cultured cells retained certain of the specific differentiated properties of arachnoid cells in situ and that they are not fibroblasts (which lack tight junctions and cytokeratins). To our knowledge, there have been no previous reports of in vitro growth of arachnoid cells. This in vitro model should be useful in studying the response of arachnoid cells to a variety of substances thought to be involved in the chronic inflammatory condition of the meninges known as arachnoiditis. 相似文献
59.
Frank Spencer 《American anthropologist》1998,100(3):805-806
Huxley: From Devil's Disciple to Evolution's High Priest. Adrian Desmond. Reading. MA: Addison-Wesley. 1997.820 pp. 相似文献
60.