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41.
Eduardo L. V. Silveira Mark H. Fogg Rachel M. Leskowitz Hildegund C. Ertl Roger W. Wiseman David H. O'Connor Paul Lieberman Fred Wang Francois Villinger 《Journal of virology》2013,87(24):13904-13910
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a vaccine/immunotherapy target due to its association with several human malignancies. EBNA-1 is an EBV protein consistently expressed in all EBV-associated cancers. Herein, EBNA-1-specific T cell epitopes were evaluated after AdC–rhEBNA-1 immunizations in chronically lymphocryptovirus-infected rhesus macaques, an EBV infection model. Preexisting rhEBNA-1-specific responses were augmented in 4/12 animals, and new epitopes were recognized in 5/12 animals after vaccinations. This study demonstrated that EBNA-1-specific T cells can be expanded by vaccination. 相似文献
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Conrad M. Freuling Katie Hampson Thomas Selhorst Ronald Schr?der Francois X. Meslin Thomas C. Mettenleiter Thomas Müller 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2013,368(1623)
Despite perceived challenges to controlling an infectious disease in wildlife, oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of foxes has proved a remarkably successful tool and a prime example of a sophisticated strategy to eliminate disease from wildlife reservoirs. During the past three decades, the implementation of ORV programmes in 24 countries has led to the elimination of fox-mediated rabies from vast areas of Western and Central Europe. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of 22 European ORV programmes between 1978 and 2010. During this period an area of almost 1.9 million km² was targeted at least once with vaccine baits, with control taking between 5 and 26 years depending upon the country. We examined factors influencing effort required both to control and eliminate fox rabies as well as cost-related issues of these programmes. The proportion of land area ever affected by rabies and an index capturing the size and overlap of successive ORV campaigns were identified as factors having statistically significant effects on the number of campaigns required to both control and eliminate rabies. Repeat comprehensive campaigns that are wholly overlapping much more rapidly eliminate infection and are less costly in the long term. Disproportionally greater effort is required in the final phase of an ORV programme, with a median of 11 additional campaigns required to eliminate disease once incidence has been reduced by 90 per cent. If successive ORV campaigns span the entire affected area, rabies will be eliminated more rapidly than if campaigns are implemented in a less comprehensive manner, therefore reducing ORV expenditure in the longer term. These findings should help improve the planning and implementation of ORV programmes, and facilitate future decision-making by veterinary authorities and policy-makers. 相似文献
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Billie‐Jean Martin Subodh Verma Francois Charbonneau Lawrence M. Title Eva M. Lonn Todd J. Anderson 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2013,21(2):266-273
Objective:
Numerous indexes of adiposity have been proposed and are currently in use in clinical practice and research. However, the correlation of these indexes with measures of vascular health remain poorly defined. This study investigated which measure of adiposity is most strongly associated with endothelial function.Design and Methods:
Data from the Firefighters And Their Endothelium (FATE) study was used. The relationships between three measures of vascular function: flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), hyperemic velocity time integral (VTI), and hyperemic shear stress (HSS), and five measures of adiposity: BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), and body adiposity index (BAI) were tested. Univariate comparisons were made, and subsequently models adjusted for traditional risk factors were constructed.Results:
A total of 1,462 male firefighters (mean age 49 ± 9) without cardiovascular disease comprised the study population. No measure of adiposity correlated with FMD; all five measures of adiposity were negatively correlated with VTI and HSS (P values <0.0001), with WHtR most strongly correlated with VTI, and WC most strongly correlated with HSS (both P < 0.05). In models including all five measures of obesity simultaneously, BMI, WC, and WHtR were all predictive of HSS (all P values <0.05), and BMI and WHR were both predictive of VTI (P values <0.05).Conclusions:
Anthropometric measures of adiposity may help refine estimations of atherosclerotic burden. BMI was most consistently associated with endothelial dysfunction, but measures of adiposity that reflect distribution of mass were additive. 相似文献47.
Wan C. Tan Jean Bourbeau Paul Hernandez Kenneth R. Chapman Robert Cowie J. Mark FitzGerald Shawn Aaron Darcy D. Marciniuk Francois Maltais A. Sonia Buist Denis E. O’Donnell Don D. Sin 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Background
The relationship between patient-reported symptoms and objective measures of lung function is poorly understood.Aim
To determine the association between responsiveness to bronchodilator and respiratory symptoms in random population samples.Methods
4669 people aged 40 years and older from 8 sites in Canada completed interviewer-administered respiratory questionnaires and performed spirometry before and after administration of 200 ug of inhaled salbutamol. The effect of anthropometric variables, smoking exposure and doctor-diagnosed asthma (DDA) on bronchodilator responsiveness in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and in forced vital capacity (FVC) were evaluated. Multiple logistic regression was used to test for association between quintiles of increasing changes in FEV1 and in FVC after bronchodilator and several respiratory symptoms.Results
Determinants of bronchodilator change in FEV1 and FVC included age, DDA, smoking, respiratory drug use and female gender [p<0.005 to p<0.0001 ]. In subjects without doctor-diagnosed asthma or COPD, bronchodilator response in FEV1 was associated with wheezing [p for trend<0.0001], while bronchodilator response for FVC was associated with breathlessness. [p for trend <0.0001].Conclusions
Bronchodilator responsiveness in FEV1 or FVC are associated with different respiratory symptoms in the community. Both flow and volume bronchodilator responses are useful parameters which together can be predictive of both wheezing and breathlessness in the general population. 相似文献48.
Larson Boundenga Boris Makanga Benjamin Ollomo Aude Gilabert Virginie Rougeron Bertrand Mve-Ondo Céline Arnathau Patrick Durand Nancy Diamella Moukodoum Alain-Prince Okouga Lucresse Delicat-Loembet Lauriane Yacka-Mouele Nil Rahola Eric Leroy Cheikh Tidiane BA Francois Renaud Franck Prugnolle Christophe Paupy 《PloS one》2016,11(2)
Re-examination, using molecular tools, of the diversity of haemosporidian parasites (among which the agents of human malaria are the best known) has generally led to rearrangements of traditional classifications. In this study, we explored the diversity of haemosporidian parasites infecting vertebrate species (particularly mammals, birds and reptiles) living in the forests of Gabon (Central Africa), by analyzing a collection of 492 bushmeat samples. We found that samples from five mammalian species (four duiker and one pangolin species), one bird and one turtle species were infected by haemosporidian parasites. In duikers (from which most of the infected specimens were obtained), we demonstrated the existence of at least two distinct parasite lineages related to Polychromophilus species (i.e., bat haemosporidian parasites) and to sauropsid Plasmodium (from birds and lizards). Molecular screening of sylvatic mosquitoes captured during a longitudinal survey revealed the presence of these haemosporidian parasite lineages also in several Anopheles species, suggesting a potential role in their transmission. Our results show that, differently from what was previously thought, several independent clades of haemosporidian parasites (family Plasmodiidae) infect mammals and are transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes. 相似文献
49.
Collins C. Iwuji Joanna Orne-Gliemann Joseph Larmarange Nonhlanhla Okesola Frank Tanser Rodolphe Thiebaut Claire Rekacewicz Marie-Louise Newell Francois Dabis ANRS TasP trial group 《PLoS medicine》2016,13(8)
BackgroundThe 2015 WHO recommendation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all immediately following HIV diagnosis is partially based on the anticipated impact on HIV incidence in the surrounding population. We investigated this approach in a cluster-randomised trial in a high HIV prevalence setting in rural KwaZulu-Natal. We present findings from the first phase of the trial and report on uptake of home-based HIV testing, linkage to care, uptake of ART, and community attitudes about ART.ConclusionsHome-based HIV testing was well received in this rural population, although men were less easily contactable at home; immediate ART was acceptable, with good viral suppression and retention. However, only about half of HIV-positive people accessed care within 6 mo of being identified, with nearly two-thirds accessing care by 12 mo. The observed delay in linkage to care would limit the individual and public health ART benefits of universal testing and treatment in this population.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01509508相似文献50.
Germana Bancone Nongnud Chowwiwat Raweewan Somsakchaicharoen Lalita Poodpanya Paw Khu Moo Gornpan Gornsawun Ladda Kajeechiwa May Myo Thwin Santisuk Rakthinthong Suphak Nosten Suradet Thinraow Slight Naw Nyo Clare L. Ling Jacher Wiladphaingern Naw Lily Kiricharoen Kerryn A. Moore Nicholas J. White Francois Nosten 《PloS one》2016,11(3)