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111.
Simulation of drought by polyethylene glycol (PEG) inhibited elongation of epicotyls of Cicer arietinum L. cv. Castellana but had no effect on growth capacity since growth was restored once the inhibitory condition had been removed. The amount of proteins in the cell wall was correlated with the elongation of the epicotyls and decreased when elongation was inhibited. PEG-induced inhibition of elongation had different effects on the various glycanhydrolytic cell wall enzymes. Only α-galactosidase (EC 3. 2. 1. 22) seemed related to the lack of elongation, increasing its activity when elongation was inhibited. The β-galactosidase (EC 3. 2. 1. 23) and β-glucosidase (EC 3. 2. 1. 21) studied did not show changes in their specific activities during the inhibition of elongation. β-Galactosidase is responsible for the autolytic process in Cicer arietinum . This enzyme hydrolyzes specified linkages in the cell wall, releasing sugar constituents. Our present results show that β-galactosidase is not directly related with elongation because no changes could be observed during inhibition of elongation. The autolytic process is related with chemical processes taking place in the cell wall and preceding elongation of the epicotyls, i. e. the loosening process. Cell wall loosening is necessary for elongation to take place but elongation does not necessarily follow loosening if the osmotic conditions are unfavorable 相似文献
112.
The presence of an adenylate translocator in the envelope membranesof proplastids isolated from the cultured cells of tobacco (Nicotianatabacum L. cv. BY2) was examined by means of transport experimentsusing the silicone oil filtering centrifugation technique. Itwas observed that proplastids can import [3H]ATP, [3H]ADP, [3H]AMPand less specifically ADP-[14C]Glc which can eventually be usedfor starch biosynthesis. The effects of specific inhibitorsof the mitochondrial adenylate translocator, i.e. atractyloside,bongkrekic acid and carboxyatractyloside were tested. Similarto the case of amyloplasts isolated from the cultured cellsof sycamore and chloroplasts isolated from spinach leaves, onlyATP and ADP-Glc uptake were shown to be partially inhibitedby carboxyatractyloside. On the other hand, neither atractylosidenor bongkrekic acid exerted a significant inhibitory effecton adenylate uptake. (Received August 8, 1992; Accepted November 26, 1992) 相似文献
113.
Karen B. Strier Francisco D. C. Mendes José Rímoli Adriana O. Rímoli 《International journal of primatology》1993,14(4):513-526
We monitored one group of muriquis, or woolly spider monkeys (Brachyteles arachnoides), over a 9-year period at Fazenda Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The group grew from 22 to 42 individuals due to the births of 21 surviving infants. Eight immigrations involving immature females were offset by emigrations and disappearances. The home range of the group expanded as the group size increased. The group traveled as a cohesive unit during the first 6 years of the study, but recently it has begun to show greater tendencies to fission temporarily into smaller subgroups. Six adult males from the other muriqui group at this site have simultaneously increased their associations with the main study group. These observations indicate that the group is in a state of transition which may lead, ultimately, either to its division into two smaller units or to a more fluid social structure. 相似文献
114.
Ethanol-hypersensitive strains (ets mutants), unable to grow on media containing 6% ethanol, were isolated from a sample of mutagenized Schizosaccharomyces pombe wild-type cells. Genetic analysis of these ets strains demonstrated that the ets phenotype is associated with mutations in a large set of genes, including cell division cycle (cdc) genes, largely non-overlapping with the set represented by the temperature conditional method; accordingly, we isolated some ets non-ts cdc ? mutants, which may identify novel essential genes required for regulation of the S. pombe cell cycle. Conversely, seven well characterized ts cdc ? mutants were tested for their ethanol sensitivity; among them, cdc1–7 and cdc13–117 exhibited a tight ets phenotype. Ethanol sensitivity was also tested in strains bearing different alleles of the cdc2 gene, and we found that some of them were ets, but others were non-ets; thus, ethanol hypersensitivity is an allele-specific phenotype. Based on the single base changes found in each particular allele of the cdc2 gene, it is shown that a single amino acid substitution in the p34cdc2 gene product can produce this ets phenotype, and that ethanol hypersensitivity is probably due to the influence of this alcohol on the secondary and/or tertiary structure of the target protein. Ethanol-dependent (etd) mutants were also identified as mutants that can only be propagated on ethanol-containing media. This novel type of conditional phenotype also covers many unrelated genes. One of these etd mutants, etd1-1, was further characterized because of the lethal cdc ? phenotype of the mutant cells under restrictive conditions (absence of ethanol). The isolation of extragenic suppressors of etd1-1, and the complementation cloning of a DNA fragment encompassing the etd1 + wild-type gene (or an extragenic multicopy suppressor) demonstrate that current genetic techniques may be applied to mutants isolated by using ethanol as a selective agent. 相似文献
115.
Previous investigations into the evolution of the Drosophila opsin gene family are extended by inter- and intraspecific DNA sequence comparisons of the Rh3 locus in the melanogaster subgroup and D. pseudoobscura. Two separate statistical tests of the neutral-mutation hypothesis suggest that random genetic drift is responsible for virtually all of the observed amino acid replacement substitutions within the melanogaster subgroup. Analyses incorporating the D. pseudoobscura sequences are enigmatic due to the accumulation of multiple substitutions, because the McDonald-Kreitman test is not applicable to species comparisons that approach mutational saturation. However, the data from D. pseudoobscura are not inconsistent with selective neutrality. The ratio of amino acid polymorphisms within species to fixed differences between species imply that these are approximately 31 possible neutral single-step amino-acid-replacement substitutions at this locus. Synonymous substitutions are unevenly distributed among the structural domains of the Rh3 gene. Patterns of synonymous polymorphism are analyzed with respect to GC content and codon bias, and are compared to other loci from the same species. 相似文献
116.
Armengol-Díaz Javier Esparcia Angeles Vicente Eduardo Miracle Maria Rosa 《Hydrobiologia》1993,255(1):381-388
Vertical distribution of planktonic rotifers is described in relation to temperature and oxygen in Lake La Cruz, a single-doline, closed karstic lake (121 m diameter and 25 m maximum depth) which shows iron meromixis. Samples were taken by peristaltic pumping at 10 cm depth intervals in the oxycline zone from June 1987 to September 1988. A model of rotifer vertical structure in stratified lakes is proposed. Rotifers concentrate their populations at the depths with intense gradients. As stratification develops some rotifer populations show a downward migration following the thermocline and some others show an upward migration following the oxycline. The production-respiration balance in the lake, and so the position of the oxycline with respect to the thermocline and the layer of maximum production, depends on meteorological conditions. A shift in the dominance of congeneric or related species can occur in consecutive years. In Lake La Cruz, mixing conditions and subterranean inflow in spring were much more intense in 1988 than 1987, and the distance between production and decomposition depths was smaller in 1988. Anuraeopsis miraclei, an oxycline-bound species with high abundance in 1987, was displaced by A. fissa in 1988. A. fissa, which was a metalimnetic species during early summer, reached peak densities (3 × 104 ind l–1) at the oxycline, equaling the abundance of A. miraclei the preceeding year. 相似文献
117.
Javier Turnay Nieves Olmo alfredo Jiménez María A. Lizarbe José G. Gavilanes 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1993,122(1):39-47
-Sarcin is a ribosome inactivating protein produced by the mouldAspergillus giganteus. The effect of this protein on eight different tumour cell lines has been studied in the absence of any agent affecting membrane permeability. The protein is cytotoxic for all the tumour cell lines considered. -Sarcin modifies the cell proliferation pattern by inhibiting the protein biosynthesis of the cultured cells. No membrane damage produced by -sarcin has been observed by measuring lactic dehydrogenase leakage. Alteration on the cell mitochondrial activity has not been detected upon treatment with -sarcin. Differences on the extent of the protein binding to the cells have been observed by flow cytometric measurements. The kinetic analysis of the protein biosynthesis inhibition produced by -sarcin reveals an -sarcin concentration-dependent lag phase followed by a first order decrease of the protein synthesis rate. This parameter is dependent on the external -sarcin concentration. A saturable component for the action of -sarcin is also deduced from these experiments. Results are discussed in terms of the protein passage across the cell membrane as the potential rate-limiting step for the action of -sarcin. 相似文献
118.
Rhodobacter capsulatus E1F1 showed high cytosolic urease activity when growing on urea, purines, and purine metabolites as nitrogen source. Molecular mass ofR. capsulatus enzyme is similar to that of other bacteria and greatly differs from that of jack bean. Kinetic parameters of partially purifiedR. capsulatus enzyme resemble those described in other bacterial ureases. The activity was inhibited by metal-chelating agents and by mercurials. Urease fromR. capsulatus E1F1 was negligible in nitrogen-starved cells or in cells cultured with nitrate, ammonium, or amino acids. Moreover, ammonium inhibited both the urea uptake and the urease activity expression inR. capsulatus cells. 相似文献
119.
J. Carlos Roseiro Francisco M. Gírio Alida Kará M.T. Amaral Collaço 《Journal of applied microbiology》1993,75(4):381-386
By reducing the concentration of nitrogen (from 5.0 to 2.5 mmol 1-1 ), batch cultures of Xanthomonas campestris induced the enzyme UDP-glucose dehydrogenase and stimulated the Entner-Doudoroff pathway enzyme glucose-6-P dehydrogenase. The surplus energy generation was directed to xanthan biosynthesis resulting in a 10% polysaccharide increase. The nitrogen restriction led to a higher consumption of nitrogen (93%) whereas glucose consumption did not surpass 75% utilization. Low concentrations of both magnesium and sulphur exerted a negative effect on xanthan formation. Both restrictions reduced the phosphomannose isomerase enzyme activity by 10-fold turning the mannose transference presumably into the rate-limiting step for xanthan biosynthesis. Conversely, the rate of synthesis of glucuronic acid residues did not affect the rate of xanthan biosynthesis. Polysaccharide synthesis in magnesium and sulphur cultures was negatively affected in comparison with cell formation as the cell volumetric production rate increased from 0.037 to 0.091 g 1-1 h-1 and the xanthan volumetric production rate dropped from 0.133 g 1-1 h-1 to the minimum obtained at 0.083 g 1-1 h-1 . The efficiency of the carbon substrate conversion was also greatly changed. 相似文献
120.
Martina Ferraguti Sergio Magallanes Jéssica Jiménez-Peñuela Josué Martínez-de la Puente Luz Garcia-Longoria Jordi Figuerola Jaime Muriel Tamer Albayrak Staffan Bensch Camille Bonneaud Rohan H. Clarke Gábor Á. Czirják Dimitar Dimitrov Kathya Espinoza John G. Ewen Farah Ishtiaq Wendy Flores-Saavedra László Zsolt Garamszegi Olof Hellgren Dita Horakova Kathryn P. Huyvaert Henrik Jensen Asta Križanauskienė Marcos R. Lima Charlene Lujan-Vega Eyðfinn Magnussen Lynn B. Martin Kevin D. Matson Anders Pape Møller Pavel Munclinger Vaidas Palinauskas Péter L. Pap Javier Pérez-Tris Swen C. Renner Robert Ricklefs Sergio Scebba Ravinder N. M. Sehgal Manuel Soler Eszter Szöllősi Gediminas Valkiūnas Helena Westerdahl Pavel Zehtindjiev Alfonso Marzal 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2023,32(5):809-823