全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2300篇 |
免费 | 216篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 18篇 |
2021年 | 38篇 |
2020年 | 25篇 |
2019年 | 31篇 |
2018年 | 38篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 41篇 |
2015年 | 80篇 |
2014年 | 108篇 |
2013年 | 126篇 |
2012年 | 144篇 |
2011年 | 153篇 |
2010年 | 87篇 |
2009年 | 65篇 |
2008年 | 115篇 |
2007年 | 126篇 |
2006年 | 130篇 |
2005年 | 118篇 |
2004年 | 105篇 |
2003年 | 115篇 |
2002年 | 107篇 |
2001年 | 31篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 31篇 |
1998年 | 31篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 21篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 24篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 19篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 18篇 |
1979年 | 19篇 |
1978年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 23篇 |
1976年 | 20篇 |
1975年 | 15篇 |
1973年 | 16篇 |
1972年 | 13篇 |
1971年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有2516条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
61.
Metaphase chromosomes of D. nasutoides were hybridized situ with 3H-cRNA synthesized from the four satellites which make up 50–60% of the total DNA of this species. All four satellites were localized in the large, metacentric, heterochromatic chromosome four. They did not, however, appear to hybridize to centromeric or other constitutive heterochromatin, nor did they, with the exception of satellite I, seem to hybridize in the specific regions of chromosome four which, on the basis of C, Q, and H banding and AT contents, were predicted to contain some of these satellites. —Comparison of grain patterns with the results of fluorescent staining indicated that satellite-bearing heterochromatin was not always associated with other fractions of constitutive heterochromatin in interphase nuclei and was, at least partially, decondensed in some larger nuclei. 相似文献
62.
Frances P. Schulter 《American journal of physical anthropology》1976,44(3):453-468
A comparative study was made to determine race and sex differences in the temporal bone, to investigate growth relationships, and to establish a basis for phylogenetic studies of the temporal bone and the temporal lobe of the brain. Data on Eskimo, Indian, and white crania were collected from radiographs and directly from the skulls. Of the 25 variables studied, only the minimum diameter of porus failed to demonstrate some difference among the races. Variation between sexes was found for all measurements except the cranial base angle (of deflection) and three angles related to the petrous pyramids. Correlation coefficients indicated that none of the angles are related in any consistent manner to the other variables studied. This is interpreted as further evidence of cranial base stability. The Indians have the lowest, longest squamae, differing most from the whites. The position of squama is more anterior in the Eskimos. Females of each race possess more anteriorly positioned squamae than males. When the squama is more anteriorly located, the porus is in a more posterior position within the squama itself. Strong race variation exists in the shape of porus. In order to establish a basis for phylogenetic studies of the temporal lobe of the brain better reference points for reflecting its size and shape must be found. 相似文献
63.
The polymorphic HL-A histocompatibility system has been studied in North American black families. The family studies show that haplotype frequencies differ between black and white populations. Seven haplotypes (W28,W5; W28,W17; W28, undefined four; W23,W5; W19,W5; undefined LA,W5; and undefined LA, undefined four) were significantly more frequent in blacks than whites, while haplotypes 1,8 and 3,7 were significantly less frequent. Some of these differences may be accounted for by differences in gene frequencies between the two groups; other differences may be explained by linkage disequilibrium in the white population. No significant linkage disequilibrium between the LA and FOUR loci was found in the black population. 相似文献
64.
Salman Gailani William F. McLimans Annie Nussbaum Frances Robinson Oliver Roholt 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1976,12(5):363-372
Summary Two thin film culture systems, the controlled environment steady state system (SS) and the rocker tube configuration of that
system (RT), were used to identify some of the conditions that appear to maintain morphologic and functional characteristics
of cells of human bone marrow explants in vitro. The systems configuration assured continual gassing, control and easy monitoring
of the cultures. Cytocentrifuge preparations of media of specimens cultured in RT disclosed, though in decreasing numbers,
various hematopoietic cells for periods exceeding one month. Hematopoietic cells shed from specimens cultured in the SS system
were retained in the culture tubes; cells of the myelocytic series predominated for the first 2 weeks while an increasing
number of monocytes and macrophages appeared in the media of older cultures. Histologic examination of cultured explants disclosed
preservation of the marrow architecture and the persistence of hematopoietic cells. Specimens cultured in RT tubes tended
to be less cellular than similar cultures placed in dialysis bags or as cultured in the SS system. Immunoglobulins (Ig) were
released into the culture media at a constant rate throughout the period of culture. Specimens that were cultured at a controlled
pH of 7.4 released 2 to more than 4 times as much Ig as similar specimens maintained at a pH level of 7.1. There were no definitive
differences in Ig levels in the cultures maintained at comparable pH levels and overlaid with various CO2 concentrations, i.e. 2%, 5%, 10%; similarly, no differences in Ig levels were found in specimens cultured in media containing
fetal bovine sera as opposed to horse sera.
Supported by U.S.P.H.S. Grant CA-5834 from the National Cancer Institute.
Department of Medicine A.
Department of Cell Physiology
Department of Immunology and Immunochemistry. 相似文献
65.
66.
67.
Munoz Frances M. Patel Priya A. Gao Xinghua Mei Yixiao Xia Jingsheng Gilels Sofia Hu Huijuan 《Purinergic signalling》2020,16(1):97-107
Purinergic Signalling - Astrocytes mediate a remarkable variety of cellular functions, including gliotransmitter release. Under pathological conditions, high concentrations of the purinergic... 相似文献
68.
Pamela McElwee Katherine Calvin Donovan Campbell Francesco Cherubini Giacomo Grassi Vladimir Korotkov Anh Le Hoang Shuaib Lwasa Johnson Nkem Ephraim Nkonya Nobuko Saigusa Jean‐Francois Soussana Miguel Angel Taboada Frances Manning Dorothy Nampanzira Pete Smith 《Global Change Biology》2020,26(9):4691-4721
Interlocked challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation require transformative interventions in the land management and food production sectors to reduce carbon emissions, strengthen adaptive capacity, and increase food security. However, deciding which interventions to pursue and understanding their relative co‐benefits with and trade‐offs against different social and environmental goals have been difficult without comparisons across a range of possible actions. This study examined 40 different options, implemented through land management, value chains, or risk management, for their relative impacts across 18 Nature's Contributions to People (NCPs) and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We find that a relatively small number of interventions show positive synergies with both SDGs and NCPs with no significant adverse trade‐offs; these include improved cropland management, improved grazing land management, improved livestock management, agroforestry, integrated water management, increased soil organic carbon content, reduced soil erosion, salinization, and compaction, fire management, reduced landslides and hazards, reduced pollution, reduced post‐harvest losses, improved energy use in food systems, and disaster risk management. Several interventions show potentially significant negative impacts on both SDGs and NCPs; these include bioenergy and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, afforestation, and some risk sharing measures, like commercial crop insurance. Our results demonstrate that a better understanding of co‐benefits and trade‐offs of different policy approaches can help decision‐makers choose the more effective, or at the very minimum, more benign interventions for implementation. 相似文献
69.
Rupert A. Collins Giulia Trauzzi Katherine M. Maltby Thomas I. Gibson Frances C. Ratcliffe Jane Hallam Sophie Rainbird James Maclaine Peter A. Henderson David W. Sims Stefano Mariani Martin J. Genner 《Journal of fish biology》2021,99(4):1446-1454
The accuracy and reliability of DNA metabarcoding analyses depend on the breadth and quality of the reference libraries that underpin them. However, there are limited options available to obtain and curate the huge volumes of sequence data that are available on public repositories such as NCBI and BOLD. Here, we provide a pipeline to download, clean and annotate mitochondrial DNA sequence data for a given list of fish species. Features of this pipeline include (a) support for multiple metabarcode markers; (b) searches on species synonyms and taxonomic name validation; (c) phylogeny assisted quality control for identification and removal of misannotated sequences; (d) automatically generated coverage reports for each new GenBank release update; and (e) citable, versioned DOIs. As an example we provide a ready-to-use curated reference library for the marine and freshwater fishes of the U.K. To augment this reference library for environmental DNA metabarcoding specifically, we generated 241 new MiFish-12S sequences for 88 U.K. marine species, and make available new primer sets useful for sequencing these. This brings the coverage of common U.K. species for the MiFish-12S fragment to 93%, opening new avenues for scaling up fish metabarcoding across wide spatial gradients. The Meta-Fish-Lib reference library and pipeline is hosted at https://github.com/genner-lab/meta-fish-lib . 相似文献
70.