全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16077篇 |
免费 | 1243篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
17325篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 128篇 |
2022年 | 86篇 |
2021年 | 220篇 |
2020年 | 191篇 |
2019年 | 168篇 |
2018年 | 425篇 |
2017年 | 402篇 |
2016年 | 478篇 |
2015年 | 594篇 |
2014年 | 629篇 |
2013年 | 954篇 |
2012年 | 1297篇 |
2011年 | 1317篇 |
2010年 | 773篇 |
2009年 | 597篇 |
2008年 | 1083篇 |
2007年 | 1095篇 |
2006年 | 1063篇 |
2005年 | 969篇 |
2004年 | 947篇 |
2003年 | 868篇 |
2002年 | 755篇 |
2001年 | 161篇 |
2000年 | 233篇 |
1999年 | 163篇 |
1998年 | 149篇 |
1997年 | 86篇 |
1996年 | 94篇 |
1995年 | 107篇 |
1994年 | 80篇 |
1993年 | 89篇 |
1992年 | 107篇 |
1991年 | 75篇 |
1990年 | 56篇 |
1989年 | 55篇 |
1988年 | 51篇 |
1987年 | 56篇 |
1986年 | 39篇 |
1985年 | 42篇 |
1984年 | 58篇 |
1983年 | 37篇 |
1982年 | 57篇 |
1981年 | 54篇 |
1980年 | 60篇 |
1979年 | 42篇 |
1978年 | 50篇 |
1977年 | 39篇 |
1976年 | 38篇 |
1975年 | 36篇 |
1974年 | 30篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Summary Two F- mutants deficient in conjugation with F-type donors are isolated and characterized. Phenotypically, these mutants are similar; they have heptose-less lipopolysaccharide and lack some outer membrane protein. Genotypically, they are different. One mutant harbours a point mutation in the 70 to 74 min region, while the other is deleted for the chromosomal region 6.5 to 8.5 min. Comparison of the properties of the conjugation-deficient mutants described in this paper with other such mutants suggests than an outer membrane protein is the receptor for the F-pilus. 相似文献
102.
Treatment of 2,5-anhydro-1-bromo-1-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-1-p-nitrophenylhydrazono-d-ribose with methyl acetylenecarboxylate gave methyl 3-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-β-d-erythrofuranosyl)-1-p-nitrophenylpyrazole- (8) and 5-carboxylate (9). Amidification at C-5 of 8 was easier than at C-4 of 9. Similarly, dimethyl 3-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-β-d-erythrofuranosyl)- 1 - p-nitrophenylpyrazole-4,5-dicarboxylate gave specifically a 5-carbamoyl derivative, the structure of which was established by comparison of the 13C-n.m.r.spectrum with those of a series of glycosylpyrazoles. The correlation between the experimental values of the chemical shifts of the carbon atoms of the pyrazole ring and the values calculated by addition of the contributions of the various groups linked to the ring was better (R 0.98) than the correlations obtained by calculation by the CNDO/2 method of the total electron population (R 0.92) or of the π-electron population of each carbon atom (R 0.85). 相似文献
103.
The manner in which centromere regions of mitotic chromosomes are distributed with respect to the age of their DNA was studied. Cells of the Indian deer, Muntiacus muntjak, were grown in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for two generations and stained with the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33258. Chromatids containing granddaughter DNA appear dim when compared with those containing grandparental DNA. The frequencies of the various anaphase patterns of bright and dim centromere regions were binomially distributed, indicating random distribution of chromatids with respect to the age of their DNA templates. 相似文献
104.
Jacqueline Jollés FranÇOise Schoentgen Pierre Jollès Ellen M. Prager Allan C. Wilson 《Journal of molecular evolution》1976,8(1):59-78
Summary The amino acid sequence of lysozyme c from chachalaca egg white was determined. Like other bird lysozymes c, that of the chachalaca has 129 amino acid residues. It differs from other avian lysozymes c by 27 to 31 amino acid substitutions as well as by being devoid of phenylalanine. It contains substitutions at 9 positions which are invariant in the other 7 bird lysozymes of known sequence. Although the chachalaca is classified zoologically in the order Galliformes, which includes chickens and other pheasant-like birds, its lysozyme differs more from those of pheasant-like birds than do the lysozymes c of ducks. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence comparisons confirms that the lineage leading to chachalaca lysozyme c separated from that leading to other galliform lysozymes c before the duck lysozyme c lineage did. This indicates a contrast between protein evolution and evolution at the organismal level. Immunological comparison of chachalacalysozyme c with other lysozymes of known sequence provides further support for the proposal that immunological cross-reactivity is strongly dependent on degree of sequence resemblance among bird lysozymes.103rd communication on lysozymes from the Laboratory of P. Jollès. Supported in part by grants from C.N.R.S. (ER 102), I.N.S.E.R.M. (Groupe de recherche U-116), N.S.F. (GB-42028X), and N.I.H. (GM-21509). 相似文献
105.
106.
107.
J. François 《Journal of insect physiology》1975,21(9):1535-1546
The introduction of inert foreign objects into the thorax of the thysanuran Thermobia domestica provoked the formation of a cellular capsule, the development and fine structure of which were examined.Encapsulation at first simply results from the accumulation of blood cells around the implant. It is possible to distinguish 48 hr later four regions in the cellular capsule: (1) An exterior layer including normal haemocytes. (2) An intermediate layer formed by homogeneous intercellular electron-dense material and by stretched haemocytes. These haemocytes have numerous microtubules, without any granular particles, and are linked together by desmosomes. (3) An interior layer of cells in the process of necrosis and rich in lysosomes. (4) A very thin limiting layer tentatively interpreted as melanin.The large number of haemocytes devoid of the specific features of the fibroblasts and the very important reduction of the acellular material without collagen fibrils distinguish clearly the cellular capsules of the Insecta from the granuloma of the Vertebrata and other groups. 相似文献
108.
109.
Jafar A. Mammadov Wei Chen Ruihua Ren Reetal Pai Wesley Marchione Feyruz Yalçin Hanneke Witsenboer Thomas W. Greene Steven A. Thompson Siva P. Kumpatla 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2010,121(3):577-588
The duplicated and the highly repetitive nature of the maize genome has historically impeded the development of true single
nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in this crop. Recent advances in genome complexity reduction methods coupled with sequencing-by-synthesis
technologies permit the implementation of efficient genome-wide SNP discovery in maize. In this study, we have applied Complexity
Reduction of Polymorphic Sequences technology (Keygene N.V., Wageningen, The Netherlands) for the identification of informative
SNPs between two genetically distinct maize inbred lines of North and South American origins. This approach resulted in the
discovery of 1,123 putative SNPs representing low and single copy loci. In silico and experimental (Illumina GoldenGate (GG)
assay) validation of putative SNPs resulted in mapping of 604 markers, out of which 188 SNPs represented 43 haplotype blocks
distributed across all ten chromosomes. We have determined and clearly stated a specific combination of stringent criteria
(>0.3 minor allele frequency, >0.8 GenTrainScore and >0.5 Chi_test100 score) necessary for the identification of highly polymorphic
and genetically stable SNP markers. Due to these criteria, we identified a subset of 120 high-quality SNP markers to leverage
in GG assay-based marker-assisted selection projects. A total of 32 high-quality SNPs represented 21 haplotypes out of 43
identified in this study. The information on the selection criteria of highly polymorphic SNPs in a complex genome such as
maize and the public availability of these SNP assays will be of great value for the maize molecular genetics and breeding
community. 相似文献
110.
Abstract Chromosomal DNA molecules of Saccharomyces uvarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were separated using Orthogonal Field Alteration Gel Electrophoresis (OFAGE). Hybridization with specific probes of S. cerevisiae chromosomes allowed the identification of seven chromosomes of S. uvarum . The majority of the studied chromosomal DNA molecules show the same OFAGE mobility as the corresponding molecules of S. cerevisiae , with some minor differences.
Hybridizations with two distinct bands of S. uvarum were observed with each URA1 (marker of chromosome XI) and ARG80 (marker of chromosome XIII) probes, demonstrating the presence of at least two copies of these genes in the brewing yeast. 相似文献
Hybridizations with two distinct bands of S. uvarum were observed with each URA1 (marker of chromosome XI) and ARG80 (marker of chromosome XIII) probes, demonstrating the presence of at least two copies of these genes in the brewing yeast. 相似文献