Selbstfertile Diploide aus Polyploiden selbststeriler Petunien; Die Duplikation desS-Locus

Summary Crosses between self-incompatible triploidPetunia hybrida-plants and selfincompatible diploid ones produce self-compatible trisomics.Self-pollinations of the self-compatible trisomics give a great number of self-compatible diploid individuals which are constant self-compatible in further generations.It is supposed that self-compatibility is caused by a duplication of theS-locus. According to the results the duplication as well of identical as of not identicalS-Alleles must cause the break-down of the inhibition-reaction.Further it is supposed that the influence of the alleles in a duplicated locus both in pollen tubes and in styles is not sufficient to eliminate the inhibition-effect of normalS-genes which are presented in the reaction partner.

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Dissertation der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln.     

PHYSIOLOGICAL ONTOGENY : A. CHICKEN EMBRYOS. XIV. THE HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION OF THE BLOOD OF CHICKEN EMBRYOS AS A FUNCTION OF TIME.

We have studied by means of glass electrodes the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood of chicken embryos from 8 to 20 days. When plotted as a curve, the average data show that a constant change takes place in the measurement, being acid at the beginning of this period and becoming alkaline toward its end. The acid reaction we think was characteristic not only of the embryos of fowl, but of the fetuses of cats and indeed as Warburg has shown of rapidly growing tissue in general. We have suggested the possibility, though we have no data to substantiate the suggestion, that the hydrogen ion concentration may under conditions like these, seeing that the curve of change resembles that of oxygen consumption, be expressive of changes in the rate of metabolism.     

消炎痛对四氯化碳损伤大鼠肝的保护作用

本工作发现,消炎痛一次预处理能诱导大鼠肝脏对毒性物质损伤产生保护作用。用四氯化碳造成大鼠急性肝损伤模型,若预先皮下注射消炎痛一次,则血清谷丙转氨酶、胆红素及死亡率都显著降低,肝组织学检查也见损伤程度明显减轻。这一保护效应具有剂量依从关系,10mg/kg消炎痛剂量产生最好的保护效应。此种保护效应在消炎痛注射后12h左右产生,持续约一周。     

Cerebrospinal Fluid PKR Level Predicts Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the proapoptotic kinase R (PKR) and its phosphorylated PKR (pPKR) are increased in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but whether CSF PKR concentrations are associated with cognitive decline in AD patients remain unknown. In this study, 41 consecutive patients with AD and 11 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from our Memory Clinic were included. A lumbar puncture was performed during the following month of the clinical diagnosis and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) evaluations were repeated every 6 months during a mean follow-up of 2 years. In AD patients, linear mixed models adjusted for age and sex were used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between MMSE scores and baseline CSF levels of Aβ peptide (Aβ 1-42), Tau, phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau 181), PKR and pPKR. The mean (SD) MMSE at baseline was 20.5 (6.1) and MMSE scores declined over the follow-up (-0.12 point/month, standard error [SE] = 0.03). A lower MMSE at baseline was associated with lower levels of CSF Aβ 1–42 and p-Tau 181/Tau ratio. pPKR level was associated with longitudinal MMSE changes over the follow-up, higher pPKR levels being related with an exacerbated cognitive deterioration. Other CSF biomarkers were not associated with MMSE changes over time. In aMCI patients, mean CSF biomarker levels were not different in patients who converted to AD from those who did not convert.These results suggest that at the time of AD diagnosis, a higher level of CSF pPKR can predict a faster rate of cognitive decline.     

DNA Vaccine Delivered by a Needle-Free Injection Device Improves Potency of Priming for Antibody and CD8+ T-Cell Responses after rAd5 Boost in a Randomized Clinical Trial

Background

DNA vaccine immunogenicity has been limited by inefficient delivery. Needle-free delivery of DNA using a CO₂-powered Biojector® device was compared to delivery by needle and syringe and evaluated for safety and immunogenicity.

Methods

Forty adults, 18–50 years, were randomly assigned to intramuscular (IM) vaccinations with DNA vaccine, VRC-HIVDNA016-00-VP, (weeks 0, 4, 8) by Biojector® 2000™ or needle and syringe (N/S) and boosted IM at week 24 with VRC-HIVADV014-00-VP (rAd5) with N/S at 10¹⁰ or 10¹¹ particle units (PU). Equal numbers per assigned schedule had low (≤500) or high (>500) reciprocal titers of preexisting Ad5 neutralizing antibody.

Results

120 DNA and 39 rAd5 injections were given; 36 subjects completed follow-up research sample collections. IFN-γ ELISpot response rates were 17/19 (89%) for Biojector® and 13/17 (76%) for N/S delivery at Week 28 (4 weeks post rAd5 boost). The magnitude of ELISpot response was about 3-fold higher in Biojector® compared to N/S groups. Similar effects on response rates and magnitude were observed for CD8+, but not CD4+ T-cell responses by ICS. Env-specific antibody responses were about 10-fold higher in Biojector-primed subjects.

Conclusions

DNA vaccination by Biojector® was well-tolerated and compared to needle injection, primed for greater IFN-γ ELISpot, CD8+ T-cell, and antibody responses after rAd5 boosting.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00109629","term_id":"NCT00109629"}}NCT00109629     

用DNA内在分子电荷来探测DNA

随着生命科学的发展,DNA的标记和检测已经成为关键的瓶颈技术。利用DNA内在的分子电荷,并结合半导体传感器技术,可以对DNA分子电荷状态进行快速检测,为基因诊断开辟全新的技术途径。