江西特有植物区系、地理分布及生活型研究

对江西特有植物的种类、区系成分、地理分布、生活型进行了研究,并绘制了江西特有植物分布图。研究结果表明,江西省内共有124种特有植物分布,隶属于40科60属,以鳞毛蕨科Dryopteridaceae、蔷薇科Rosaceae、槭树科Aceraceae、山茶科Theaceae、金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae、禾本科Gramineae、木兰科Magnoliaceae等类群最为集中;区系组成上以热带-亚热带成分与温带成分并重,两种类型的区系成分所占比重为76.5%,构成江西特有植物区系的主体;特有植物省内分布不均衡,明显呈现出庐山、井冈山、南岭山地、武夷山四大分布中心;特有植物生活型分析显示,多年生草本植物、落叶乔木、落叶灌木3种类型为生活型谱的主体。     

民勤梭梭人工林天然更新的生态条件

针对民勤绿洲梭梭人工林天然更新不良现状,从群落天然更新的必要条件出发,通过对种子萌发、幼苗存活与生长所需生态条件的对比研究,对民勤梭梭人工林天然更新生态条件与限制因子进行了分析,结果表明:民勤多年(1971—2002年)平均降水量为116mm,是适宜梭梭生长的区域,但降雨的季节变化却影响到梭梭天然更新的进行;梭梭的更新与所处的立地类型关系密切,不同立地条件下梭梭人工林植株生长、母株结实状况和土壤水分都存在较大的差异,立地类型是影响梭梭人工林更新的另一影响因素。     

意大利蝗对四种寄主植物的选择机制

意大利蝗(Calliptamus italicus)是新疆草原的优势危害蝗虫种类之一。本研究利用GC-MS和嗅觉仪分析了意大利蝗对其寄主植物冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)、沙漠绢蒿(Seriphidium santolinum)、黄花苜蓿(Medicago falccata)、黄花草木樨(Melilotus officinali)的选择机制。结果表明:4种植物所含的主要挥发油为萜类和醇类化合物,萜类化合物含量从高到低依次为冷蒿(51.76%)、黄花苜蓿(20.52%)、黄花草木樨(19.46%)、沙漠绢蒿(9.00%);醇类化合物含量从高到低依次为黄花草木樨(33.48%)、沙漠绢蒿(20.26%)、黄花苜蓿(16.80%)、冷蒿(1.74%);不同寄主植物对意大利蝗的引诱效果不同,引诱率从高到低依次为冷蒿(56.00%)、沙漠绢蒿(36.12%)、黄花苜蓿(30.47%)和黄花草木樨(10.00%);意大利蝗对4种寄主植物的采食量与植物体内总黄酮含量的关系表明,食量与植物体内总黄酮的含量呈负相关(r=-0.601),意大利蝗喜食黄酮类化合物含量较低的冷蒿,而对黄酮类化合物含量较高的黄花草木樨表现出驱避。研究表明,寄主植物中所含的萜类化合物对意大利蝗有明显的引诱作用,而醇类和黄酮类化合物则对意大利蝗有明显的驱避作用。     

川西米亚罗林区冷杉林群落特征与生态因子的关系

冷杉林是川西高山峡谷地区的地带性植被。以米亚罗林区的森林小班数据为基础,分析了该地区天然冷杉林的树高、胸径和蓄积量随不同生态因子的变化趋势及分布格局,并探讨了冷杉林最适宜的分布环境。结果表明:冷杉林的树高和胸径随着海拔的升高均呈现单峰曲线变化趋势,蓄积量则随着海拔梯度的升高呈波动上升趋势,这些现象可能与小环境的变化、人为干扰有关;冷杉林的适宜生态因子范围为:海拔3500～4000m、土壤厚度50～79cm、坡度40°～49°的中、上位阴坡和半阴坡;海拔3800～3900m为冷杉林的最集中分布区域,该区域中影响冷杉林群落特征的生态因子排序为坡位、土壤厚度、坡度、坡向。     

C-反应蛋白——关联心血管疾病与炎症的重要分子

炎症在心血管疾病（cardiovascular disease,CVD）的各个阶段中均发挥着重要作用。C-反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）是一种典型的人类急性期蛋白,由5个相同的亚基构成,在临床上被广泛用作炎症的非特异性标识物。近年的研究显示,CRP不仅是CVD发病风险的灵敏标识,而且直接参与调控与CVD相关的炎症过程。基于对已有研究发现的回顾和分析,文章指出CRP的单体形式（monomeric CRP, mCRP）是调控局部炎症过程的主要CRP异构体。     

口服伊曲康唑治疗婴儿泛发性皮肤黏膜念珠菌病1例

随着低体重儿存活率的提高以及抗生素的广泛应用,婴儿皮肤、黏膜念珠菌病的患病率在逐年上升.本院1例9个月男婴,因喂养不当而诱发泛发性皮肤、黏膜念珠菌病,采用口服伊曲康唑100 mg隔日1次,治疗14 d后痊愈.     

(NH4)2SO4对瓜尔豆幼苗在不同光照下耐冷性的影响

通过温室穴盘育苗试验,研究叶面喷施(NH₄)₂SO₄对低温胁迫12 h后不同光通量密度（PFD）条件下,瓜尔豆幼苗在常温培养过程中幼苗生存及叶片SOD活性、POD活性和MDA含量的影响。结果表明：低温处理一夜后,在温室自然光照（强光）下进行常温恢复时,瓜尔豆叶片中SOD和POD活性始终显著低于对照,MDA含量显著高于对照,幼苗死亡率显著高于对照;在90 μmol·m^-2·s^-1弱光下恢复2～4 d后,叶片中保护酶活性显著高于对照,MDA含量保持较低水平,幼苗均正常生长。叶面喷施(NH₄)₂SO₄能显著提高低温处理后的植株叶片抗氧化酶类活性,减少叶片中MDA的产生,降低幼苗死亡率,0.2% (NH₄)₂SO₄处理效果最好,其次为0.4%(NH₄)₂SO₄。短期低温后,使植物处在弱光环境下能减少活性氧的发生,为植物抗氧化系统达到新的平衡提供有利条件,从而减轻甚至消除低温伤害。     

Screening for basic drugs in equine urine using direct-injection differential-gradient LC-LC coupled to hybrid tandem MS/MS

A rapid, selective and robust direct-injection LC/hybrid tandem MS method has been developed for simultaneous screening of more than 250 basic drugs in the supernatant of enzyme hydrolysed equine urine. Analytes, trapped using a short HLB extraction column, are refocused and separated on a Sunfire C(18) analytical column using a controlled differential gradient generated by proportional dilution of the first column's eluent with water. Independent data acquisition (IDA) was configured to trigger a sensitive enhanced product ion (EPI) scan when a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) survey scan signal exceeded the defined criteria. The decision on whether or not to report a sample as a positive result was based upon both the presence of a MRM response within the correct retention time range and a qualitative match between the EPI spectrum obtained and the corresponding reference standard. Ninety seven percent of the drugs targeted by this method met our detection criteria when spiked into urine at 100 ng/ml; 199 were found at 10 ng/ml, 83 at 1 ng/ml and 4 at 0.1 ng/ml.     

魏氏拟尾柱虫休眠包囊及其细胞器超微结构的观察

为研究纤毛虫休眠状态下细胞的分化及其胞器的特征,本文以透射电镜术显示,魏氏拟尾柱虫（Ｐａｒａｕｒｏｓｔｙｌａｗｅｉｓｓｅｉ）休眠包囊中,颗粒层壁内有小泡,表膜位置偶见小泡样结构,大部分线粒体以多个相互聚集在一起,自噬泡将线粒体等胞器包裹在内经历消化过程,细胞内膜系统十分发达。作者推测,颗粒层及表厝小泡可能是休眠细胞经由表膜进行物质交换的结构,自噬泡消化现象可能是细胞中物质和能量来源的主要途径。     

Measuring temporal variation in reproductive output reveals optimal resource allocation to reproduction in the northern grass lizard, Takydromus septentrionalis

We measured the reproductive output of Takydromus septentrionalis collected over 5 years between 1997 and 2005 to test the hypothesis that reproductive females should allocate an optimal fraction of accessible resources in a particular clutch and to individual eggs. Females laid 1–7 clutches per breeding season, with large females producing more, as well as larger clutches, than did small females. Clutch size, clutch mass, annual fecundity, and annual reproductive output were all positively related to female size (snout–vent length). Females switched from producing more, but smaller eggs in the first clutch to fewer, but larger eggs in the subsequent clutches. The mass-specific clutch mass was greater in the first clutch than in the subsequent clutches, but it did not differ among the subsequent clutches. Post-oviposition body mass, clutch size, and egg size showed differing degrees of annual variation, but clutch mass of either the first or the second clutch remained unchanged across the sampling years. The regression line describing the size–number trade-off was higher in the subsequent clutch than in the first clutch, but neither the line for first clutch, nor the line for the second clutch varied among years. Reproduction retarded growth more markedly in small females than in large ones. Our data show that: (1) trade-offs between size and number of eggs and between reproduction and growth (and thus, future reproduction) are evident in T. septentrionalis ; (2) females allocate an optimal fraction of accessible resources in current reproduction and to individual eggs; and (3) seasonal shifts in reproductive output and egg size are determined ultimately by natural selection.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 91 , 315–324.