丽水市早期新冠肺炎无症状感染者SARS-CoV-2全基因组序列分析

对1例新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情流行早期的无症状感染者临床标本进行SARS-CoV-2实验室鉴定和全基因组测定,在分子水平了解新型病毒的基因特点和变异情况,追溯病毒潜在来源.实时荧光定量PCR扩增丽水市庆元县首例确诊患者密切接触者的痰液标本SARS-CoV-2核酸,阳性RNA逆转录为cDNA构建文库后进行基于NGS的宏基因组深度测序,生物学软件分析处理数据.该密接无任何症状及体征,痰液标本SARS-CoV-2核酸阳性.测序数据包含有足够的病毒序列,组装成功后hCoV-19/Lishui/LS556/2020长29 887bp,G+C含量37.99％,在ORF1ab和N区域发现4个SNP,对应1个错义突变和3个同义突变.LS556与SARS-CoV-2参考序列核苷酸/氨基酸同源性在99.2％/97.4％以上,不同序列之间存在4～17个核苷酸差异,与蝙蝠病毒RaTG13核苷酸差异仅3.7％,存在1141个SNP,与穿山甲病毒Guangdong/1相似性90.9％.LS556属于β冠状病毒Lineage B谱系,与LS003和ZJU-06共享完全相同的病毒,与蝙蝠/穿山甲冠状病毒进化上最相关.结合流行病学、核酸诊断、病毒溯源判定其为无症状感染者.LS556组成和结构符合SARS-CoV-2典型的基因特征,为高覆盖率序列,在流行早期与其他SARS-CoV-2基因组具有高度的同一性,突变率保持在较低水平,多数导致氨基酸位点保守置换.     

草莓种苗壮苗指数模型的构建与质量评价

随着我国草莓栽培面积逐年增加,草莓种苗需求量越来越大,为了确保种苗育苗质量,亟需开展壮苗评价的研究。本研究以生长40 d的‘红颜’穴盘苗为对象,在测定地上部和地下部生长、鲜重、干重等16项指标的基础上,分别构建单项指标隶属函数,使用加权模糊评判法计算种苗综合评价指数;利用主成分分析筛选的关键指标组成多个壮苗指数模型,与种苗综合评价指数进行相关性分析后,确定最佳草莓壮苗指数模型并进行验证。结果表明: 随机选取的320株草莓种苗16项指标存在显著差异,综合评价指数为0.165～0.817,可作为壮苗指数模型构建和种苗质量评价的依据。主成分分析将16项指标划分为地上部相关指标、地下部相关指标和色素指标3个主成分,累计贡献率达到79.7%;从每个主成分中选择贡献值最大的3个指标随机组成27种壮苗指数模型,通过相关性分析筛选出与综合评价指数相关性最大的5个壮苗指数模型,其中“地上干重×根系表面积×叶绿素a”的相关性最高,用‘红颜’、‘香野’和‘甜查理’种苗验证相关系数均最大,分别为0.879、0.924和0.975,确定可作为草莓壮苗指数计算模型。以综合评价指数为种苗质量分级依据,可将种苗健壮程度分为3个等级:等级Ⅰ(综合评价指数≥0.5,壮苗指数≥4.0)为优质苗,等级Ⅱ(综合评价指数0.3～0.5,壮苗指数0.5～4.0)为合格苗,等级Ⅲ(综合评价指数≤0.3,壮苗指数≤0.5)为弱苗。研究结果可为草莓或其他种苗壮苗指数计算和种苗健壮程度评价提供理论依据与科学方法。     

Impacts of remotely sensed environmental drivers on coral outplant survival

Globally, coral reefs are degrading due to a variety of stressors including climate change and pollution. Active restoration is an important effort for sustaining coral reefs where, typically, coral fragments are outplanted onto degraded reefs. Coral outplants, however, can experience mortality in response to a range of stressors. We pair results of outplant monitoring observations with satellite‐based measurements of multiple oceanographic variables to estimate the relative importance of each driver to coral outplant survival. We find that when considering mean environmental conditions experienced by outplants during the monitoring period, particulate organic carbon (POC) levels are most important in determining outplant survival, with certain levels of POC beneficial for outplants. Sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) are also important determinants of outplant survival, where survival is greatest in regions with minimal or slightly negative anomalies. Survival also increases with increasing distance to land, likely due to a reduction in negative ridge‐to‐reef effects on coral outplants. When considering the range (min–max) of environmental conditions experienced during the monitoring period, large fluctuations in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and POC are most important in determining outplant survival. Increasing outplant depth can help to counter the negative impacts of large fluctuations in environmental variables. We find that a variety of remotely sensed oceanographic variables have significant impacts on survival and should be considered in coral restoration planning to help evaluate potential restoration sites and ultimately maximize coral outplant survival.     

西伯利亚蝗抗菌肽基因的克隆及表达特性研究

[目的]扩增西伯利亚蝗Gomphocerus sibiricus抗菌肽(attacin)基因,并对其进行生物信息学分析,同时分析西伯利亚蝗不同组织中抗菌肽基因的差异表达.[方法]基于RACE技术从西伯利亚蝗中克隆得到抗菌肽,利用生物信息学软件对西伯利亚蝗抗菌肽的一级结构、二级结构、三级结构、系统进化和亚细胞定位进行分析.采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了西伯利亚蝗抗菌肽基因在马氏管、中肠、后肠、脂肪体和唾液腺中的相对表达量.[结果]克隆获得的抗菌肽基因的开放阅读框为282 bp,编码93个氨基酸,其编码蛋白预测理论分子量为9.98 ku,等电点为9.26.抗菌肽氨基酸序列中存在信号肽序列.基因定量分析显示,抗菌肽基因在西伯利亚蝗的中肠中表达量最高.[结论]attacin在西伯利亚蝗成虫不同组织中差异表达,提示其消化道在防御病原微生物的入侵中起着重要的作用.     

响应面法对小球藻Chlorella zofingiensis高产虾青素条件的优化

采用析因设计法(Plackett-burman)对影响Chlorella zofingiensis高产虾青素的相关因素进行评价,发现硝酸钠、光照强度、二价铁离子及醋酸钠浓度对虾青素产量影响显著.利用中心组合设计(central composite design)及响应面分析对影响虾青素产量的关键因素做进一步的优化,得到较佳的试验点为二价铁离子浓度0.41 mmol/L,硝酸钠浓度0.8 mmol/L,醋酸钠浓度37.1 mmol/L,光照强度650 E/m2×s.优化后虾青素产量从7.890mg/L提高到19.81mg/L,比优化前提高了2.5倍.     

不同胰岛素给药方式救治糖尿病酮症酸中毒临床研究

目的：比较不同胰岛素给药方式治疗糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）的临床疗效。方法：82例DKA患者随机分为胰岛素泵持续皮下输液胰岛素（CSⅡ）组和微量泵持续静脉泵入胰岛素（CXqI）组各41例,分别给予胰岛素泵持续皮下输注胰岛素和小剂量胰岛素持续微量泵静脉泵入不同胰岛素给药方式,观察两组治疗后血糖变化、血糖达标时间、尿酮体变化、pH值变化、胰岛素平均日用量、平均低血糖次数及平均住院时间。结果：两组治疗后空腹血糖、餐后血糖显著下降及血糖达标时间显著缩短差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;CSII组尿酮体转阴时间（22．3±7．4）h短于CVII组（32．1±12．1）h（P〈0．01）;CSII组PH值恢复时间（9．4±2．5）h短于CVII组（15．7±3．5）h（P〈0．01）;CSII组平均胰岛素日用量为（47±5）U比CVII组（58＋7）U少（P〈0．01）;CSII组人均低血糖次数为（0．6±O．5）次／人。少于CVII组（1．5±0．8）次／人（P〈O．01）;CSII组住院时间（9．8±1．2）天明显比CVII组（12．5±2．0）天短（P〈0．01）。结论：CSII相较于CVII能更快更有效的纠正代谢紊乱,减少胰岛素日用量,缩短住院时间,从而提高临床疗效。具有较高的安全性及患者依从性。     

What drives interspecies graft union success? Exploring the role of phylogenetic relatedness and stem anatomy

The underlying mechanisms that determine whether two species can form a successful graft union (graft compatibility) remain obscure. Two prominent hypotheses are (1) the more closely related species are, the higher the graft success and (2) the vascular anatomy at the graft junction influences graft success. In this paper these two hypotheses are examined in a systematic way using graft combinations selected from a range of (a) phylogenetically close and more distant legume species, (b) species displaying different germination patterns and (c) scions and rootstocks possessing contrasting stem tissues and vascular patterns. Relatedness of species was not a good predictor of graft compatibility, as vascular reconnection can occur between distantly related species and can fail to occur in some more closely related species. Similarly, neither the stem tissues present at the graft junction nor the vascular anatomy correlated with the success of vascular reconnection. Relatedness and stem anatomy therefore do not appear to be the determining factors in successful vascular reconnection after grafting in legumes. These results are discussed in conjunction with other hypotheses such as the role of auxin.     

丛枝菌根真菌在外来植物入侵演替中的作用与机制

外来植物入侵不仅是环境、经济和社会问题,也是一个生理学和生态学问题,尤其是入侵植物与本地植物、入侵植物和本地土壤生物之间的相互作用决定外来植物入侵程度。丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）作为土壤中一类极为重要的功能生物,在外来植物入侵演替过程中发挥多种不同作用。文章系统总结了AMF对入侵植物个体和群体的影响,入侵植物与本地植物竞争中AMF发挥的促进和抑制作用;探讨了AMF与入侵植物的相互作用关系,以及环境因子对AMF一入侵植物关系的影响：对AMF在外来植物入侵演替中的作用机制进行了讨论。旨在为探索控制生物入侵的新途径、为我国开展外来植物入侵研究与防控实践提供新思路。     

淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生对甜菜夜蛾幼虫血淋巴总糖、蛋白质及虫体脂质含量的影响

为探讨淡足侧沟茧蜂Microplitis pallidipes Szepligeti调控寄主的生理机制,测定了淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生后,甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)幼虫血淋巴总糖、蛋白质及虫体脂类含量的变化。研究结果表明,寄生后连续5 d的观察时间内,甜菜夜蛾幼虫血淋巴总糖含量从寄生后第1天开始就高于未寄生寄主幼虫,且在寄生后第2至5天达到显著水平;除寄生后第3天外,被寄生寄主幼虫血淋巴总蛋白质含量始终低于未寄生幼虫,且在寄生后第1、4、5天达到显著水平;甜菜夜蛾被寄生后,虫体脂质含量始终高于未寄生幼虫,且从寄生后第2天开始达到显著水平。本研究揭示,淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生刺激了寄主甜菜夜蛾幼虫血淋巴总糖合成,但抑制了其蛋白质合成,同时也刺激了甜菜夜蛾虫体脂质合成。