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221.
222.
We sampled 0-group sole juveniles (N = 174) in September and October 2003 in 9 major nurseries located along the French Atlantic coast (English Channel and Bay of Biscay). 0-group sole were infected with 3 genera of digenean metacercariae, Timoniella spp. (Acanthostomidae), Prosorhynchus crucibulum and Prosorhynchus sp. A (Bucephalidae), Podocotyle sp. (Opecoelidae), and an unidentified species of Digenea. Parasite infection levels in the English Channel nurseries were lower, and the community composition was different from Bay of Biscay nurseries. We hypothesize that the difference between geographic areas was due to differences in first intermediate host communities and, to a lesser extent, because of lower temperatures in the English Channel compared to the Bay of Biscay. For the Bay of Biscay nurseries, mean total parasite abundance was strongly negatively correlated with mean annual river flow. This relationship may be the result of the more upstream location of 0-group sole nurseries in estuaries so that fish were further from local points of parasite transmission than those in embayed nurseries. Digenean metacercariae load may be influenced by 3 major local factors, i.e. abundance and proximity of the first intermediate hosts and cercariae dispersal capacities. 相似文献
223.
Let the concept of trait be functional! 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
Cyrille Violle Marie-Laure Navas Denis Vile Elena Kazakou Claire Fortunel Irène Hummel Eric Garnier 《Oikos》2007,116(5):882-892
In its simplest definition, a trait is a surrogate of organismal performance, and this meaning of the term has been used by evolutionists for a long time. Over the last three decades, developments in community and ecosystem ecology have forced the concept of trait beyond these original boundaries, and trait-based approaches are now widely used in studies ranging from the level of organisms to that of ecosystems. Despite some attempts to fix the terminology, especially in plant ecology, there is currently a high degree of confusion in the use, not only of the term "trait" itself, but also in the underlying concepts it refers to. We therefore give an unambiguous definition of plant trait, with a particular emphasis on functional trait. A hierarchical perspective is proposed, extending the "performance paradigm" to plant ecology. "Functional traits" are defined as morpho-physio-phenological traits which impact fitness indirectly via their effects on growth, reproduction and survival, the three components of individual performance. We finally present an integrative framework explaining how changes in trait values due to environmental variations are translated into organismal performance, and how these changes may influence processes at higher organizational levels. We argue that this can be achieved by developing "integration functions" which can be grouped into functional response (community level) and effect (ecosystem level) algorithms. 相似文献
224.
Rayane Rafei Monzer Hamze Hélène Pailhoriès Matthieu Eveillard Laurent Marsollier Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou Fouad Dabboussi Marie Kempf 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2015,81(7):2359-2367
The presence of Acinetobacter baumannii outside hospitals is still a controversial issue. The objective of our study was to explore the extrahospital epidemiology of A. baumannii in Lebanon. From February 2012 to October 2013, a total of 73 water samples, 51 soil samples, 37 raw cow milk samples, 50 cow meat samples, 7 raw cheese samples, and 379 animal samples were analyzed by cultural methods for the presence of A. baumannii. Species identification was performed by rpoB gene sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility was investigated, and the A. baumannii population was studied by two genotyping approaches: multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and blaOXA-51 sequence-based typing (SBT). A. baumannii was detected in 6.9% of water samples, 2.7% of milk samples, 8.0% of meat samples, 14.3% of cheese samples, and 7.7% of animal samples. All isolates showed a susceptible phenotype against most of the antibiotics tested and lacked carbapenemase-encoding genes, except one that harbored a blaOXA-143 gene. MLST analysis revealed the presence of 36 sequence types (STs), among which 24 were novel STs reported for the first time in this study. blaOXA-51 SBT showed the presence of 34 variants, among which 21 were novel and all were isolated from animal origins. Finally, 30 isolates had new partial rpoB sequences and were considered putative new Acinetobacter species. In conclusion, animals can be a potential reservoir for A. baumannii and the dissemination of new emerging carbapenemases. The roles of the novel animal clones identified in community-acquired infections should be investigated. 相似文献
225.
Maeve O’Leary-Barrett Robert O. Pihl Eric Artiges Tobias Banaschewski Arun L. W. Bokde Christian Büchel Herta Flor Vincent Frouin Hugh Garavan Andreas Heinz Bernd Ittermann Karl Mann Marie-Laure Paillère-Martinot Frauke Nees Tomas Paus Zdenka Pausova Luise Poustka Marcella Rietschel Trevor W. Robbins Michael N. Smolka Andreas Str?hle Gunter Schumann Patricia J. Conrod IMAGEN Consortium 《PloS one》2015,10(6)
Objective
To investigate the role of personality factors and attentional biases towards emotional faces, in establishing concurrent and prospective risk for mental disorder diagnosis in adolescence.Method
Data were obtained as part of the IMAGEN study, conducted across 8 European sites, with a community sample of 2257 adolescents. At 14 years, participants completed an emotional variant of the dot-probe task, as well two personality measures, namely the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale and the revised NEO Personality Inventory. At 14 and 16 years, participants and their parents were interviewed to determine symptoms of mental disorders.Results
Personality traits were general and specific risk indicators for mental disorders at 14 years. Increased specificity was obtained when investigating the likelihood of mental disorders over a 2-year period, with the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale showing incremental validity over the NEO Personality Inventory. Attentional biases to emotional faces did not characterise or predict mental disorders examined in the current sample.Discussion
Personality traits can indicate concurrent and prospective risk for mental disorders in a community youth sample, and identify at-risk youth beyond the impact of baseline symptoms. This study does not support the hypothesis that attentional biases mediate the relationship between personality and psychopathology in a community sample. Task and sample characteristics that contribute to differing results among studies are discussed. 相似文献226.
Alice Hadchouel Laetitia Marchand-Martin Marie-Laure Franco-Montoya Laetitia Peaudecerf Pierre-Yves Ancel Christophe Delacourt EPIPAGEADO study group 《PloS one》2015,10(9)
Preterm birth is associated with abnormal respiratory functions throughout life. The mechanisms underlying these long-term consequences are still unclear. Shortening of telomeres was associated with many conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We aimed to search for an association between telomere length and lung function in adolescents born preterm. Lung function and telomere length were measured in 236 adolescents born preterm and 38 born full-term from the longitudinal EPIPAGE cohort. Associations between telomere length and spirometric indices were tested in univariate and multivariate models accounting for confounding factors in the study population. Airflows were significantly lower in adolescents born preterm than controls; forced expiratory volume in one second was 12% lower in the extremely preterm born group than controls (p<0.001). Lower birth weight, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and postnatal sepsis were significantly associated with lower airflow values. Gender was the only factor that was significantly associated with telomere length. Telomere length correlated with forced expiratory flow 25–75 in the extremely preterm adolescent group in univariate and multivariate analyses (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). We evidenced an association between telomere length and abnormal airflow in a population of adolescents born extremely preterm. There was no evident association with perinatal events. This suggests other involved factors, such as a continuing airway oxidative stress leading to persistent inflammation and altered lung function, ultimately increasing susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 相似文献
227.
Edgard B. Ngoungou Devender Bhalla Amandine Nzoghe Marie-Laure Dardé Pierre-Marie Preux 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2015,9(2)
Background
Toxoplasmosis is an important, widespread, parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii. The chronic infection in immunocompetent patients, usually considered as asymptomatic, is now suspected to be a risk factor for various neurological disorders, including epilepsy. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to estimate the risk of epilepsy due to toxoplasmosis.Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted of several databases and journals to identify studies published in English or French, without date restriction, which looked at toxoplasmosis (as exposure) and epilepsy (as disease) and met certain other inclusion criteria. The search was based on keywords and suitable combinations in English and French. Fixed and random effects models were used to determine odds ratios, and statistical significance was set at 5.0%.Principal findings
Six studies were identified, with an estimated total of 2888 subjects, of whom 1280 had epilepsy (477 positive for toxoplasmosis) and 1608 did not (503 positive for toxoplasmosis). The common odds ratio (calculated) by random effects model was 2.25 (95% CI 1.27–3.9), p = 0.005.Conclusions
Despite the limited number of studies, and a lack of high-quality data, toxoplasmosis should continue to be regarded as an epilepsy risk factor. More and better studies are needed to determine the real impact of this parasite on the occurrence of epilepsy. 相似文献228.
Production of Cry11A and Cry11Ba Toxins in Bacillus sphaericus Confers Toxicity towards Aedes aegypti and Resistant Culex Populations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Pascale Servant Marie-Laure Rosso Sylviane Hamon Sandrine Poncet Armelle Delcluse Georges Rapoport 《Applied microbiology》1999,65(7):3021-3026
Cry11A from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Cry11Ba from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan were introduced, separately and in combination, into the chromosome of Bacillus sphaericus 2297 by in vivo recombination. Two loci on the B. sphaericus chromosome were chosen as target sites for recombination: the binary toxin locus and the gene encoding the 36-kDa protease that may be responsible for the cleavage of the Mtx protein. Disruption of the protease gene did not increase the larvicidal activity of the recombinant strain against Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens. Synthesis of the Cry11A and Cry11Ba toxins made the recombinant strains toxic to A. aegypti larvae to which the parental strain was not toxic. The strain containing Cry11Ba was more toxic than strains containing the added Cry11A or both Cry11A and Cry11Ba. The production of the two toxins together with the binary toxin did not significantly increase the toxicity of the recombinant strain to susceptible C. pipiens larvae. However, the production of Cry11A and/or Cry11Ba partially overcame the resistance of C. pipiens SPHAE and Culex quinquefasciatus GeoR to B. sphaericus strain 2297. 相似文献
229.
The presence of IS240 was investigated in 69
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains including strains from
serotype H1 to H45 and additional strains with known Dipteran larvae
toxicity. Restriction digests of total DNA and PCR products obtained with a
single 16-bases primer corresponding to the IS240 inverted repeated
sequence were hybridized with the IS240A element. The results
indicate that 67% of the Bt strains tested, including all
known mosquitocidal strains, possess at least one IS240-related
element. PCR experiments indicate that IS240 represents a family of
insertion sequences with several variants.
Received: 15 October 1996 / Accepted: 20 November 1996 相似文献
230.
Noria Segueni Solenne Vigne Gaby Palmer Marie-Laure Bourigault Maria L. Olleros Dominique Vesin Irene Garcia Bernhard Ryffel Valérie F. J. Quesniaux Cem Gabay 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
IL-36 cytokines are members of the IL-1 family of cytokines that stimulate dendritic cells and T cells leading to enhanced T helper 1 responses in vitro and in vivo; however, their role in host defense has not been fully addressed thus far. The objective of this study was to examine the role of IL-36R signaling in the control of mycobacterial infection, using models of systemic attenuated M. bovis BCG infection and virulent aerogenic M. tuberculosis infection. IL-36γ expression was increased in the lung of M. bovis BCG infected mice. However, IL-36R deficient mice infected with M. bovis BCG showed similar survival and control of the infection as compared to wild-type mice, although their lung pathology and CXCL1 response were transiently different. While highly susceptible TNF-α deficient mice succumbed with overwhelming M. tuberculosis infection, and IL-1RI deficient mice showed intermediate susceptibility, IL-36R-deficient mice controlled the infection, with bacterial burden, lung inflammation and pathology, similar to wild-type controls. Therefore, IL-36R signaling has only limited influence in the control of mycobacterial infection. 相似文献