Prey availability and eclosion-help of callow workers in the formicine ant Camponotus mus

Summary In the ant Camponotus mus the eclosion of imagines from the cocoons was shown to be controlled by nurse workers, which broke the cocoons and assisted the callows to energe. Short-term colony prey deprivation modified the eclosion-help behavior resulting in a delay in cocoon opening times. During long-term prey deprivation, no new cocoons were spun; the starved larvae grew and pupated when prey was again available. These findings as a colony strategy adapted to the changing condition of prey availabitity in a temperate habitat are discussed.     

Foraging grounds of southern giant petrels (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Macronectes giganteus</Emphasis>) on the Patagonian shelf

During the 1999 and 2000 breeding seasons we used satellite telemetry to track the foraging movements of four southern giant petrels (Macronectes giganteus) nesting on an island off the Argentine coast (45°08', 66°03'). Three of the four individuals foraged east/southeast of the colony, over the middle continental shelf and the shelf break, between 43° and 51°S. The fourth individual remained in coastal areas to the south and lost the device after 15.5 days at sea. The maximum linear distance from the nest reached during a single foraging trip was 552 km. All birds were able to fly more than 400 km in 1 day, with a maximum of 513 km recorded. The maximum total distance covered in a single foraging trip was 2,540 km. Findings of this study emphasise the importance of the Patagonian continental shelf as foraging grounds for top predators in the South Atlantic Ocean.     

Transcranial low-level laser therapy in an in vivo model of stroke: Relevance to the brain infarct,microglia activation and neuroinflammation

Stroke is the main cause of death and functional disability. The available therapy affects only 5% of patients, and new therapeutic approaches have been constantly tested. Transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM) is promising for its neuroprotective effect on brain injuries. Thus, the present study investigated the PBM effects in an in vivo model of ischemic stroke induced by photothrombosis (PT). Five different groups of Wistar rats were submitted or not to a daily dose of fish oil or/and laser sessions for 2 months. The ischemia volume was evaluated by stereology; GFAP, Iba and NeuN by immunohistochemistry; TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β by ELISA assay. PBM influenced both the lesion volume and the GFAP. Furthermore, PBM and Ω-3 or both reduced Iba RNAm. PBM reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, brain damage, neuroinflammation and microglial activation, and it increased astroglial activity in peri-lesioned region after stroke.