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921.
Flück CE Pandey AV Dick B Camats N Fernández-Cancio M Clemente M Gussinyé M Carrascosa A Mullis PE Audi L 《PloS one》2011,6(5):e20178
Context
Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) is crucial for transport of cholesterol to mitochondria where biosynthesis of steroids is initiated. Loss of StAR function causes lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia (LCAH).Objective
StAR gene mutations causing partial loss of function manifest atypical and may be mistaken as familial glucocorticoid deficiency. Only a few mutations have been reported.Design
To report clinical, biochemical, genetic, protein structure and functional data on two novel StAR mutations, and to compare them with published literature.Setting
Collaboration between the University Children''s Hospital Bern, Switzerland, and the CIBERER, Hospital Vall d''Hebron, Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain.Patients
Two subjects of a non-consanguineous Caucasian family were studied. The 46,XX phenotypic normal female was diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency at the age of 10 months, had normal pubertal development and still has no signs of hypergonodatropic hypogonadism at 32 years of age. Her 46,XY brother was born with normal male external genitalia and was diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency at 14 months. Puberty was normal and no signs of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism are present at 29 years of age.Results
StAR gene analysis revealed two novel compound heterozygote mutations T44HfsX3 and G221S. T44HfsX3 is a loss-of-function StAR mutation. G221S retains partial activity (∼30%) and is therefore responsible for a milder, non-classic phenotype. G221S is located in the cholesterol binding pocket and seems to alter binding/release of cholesterol.Conclusions
StAR mutations located in the cholesterol binding pocket (V187M, R188C, R192C, G221D/S) seem to cause non-classic lipoid CAH. Accuracy of genotype-phenotype prediction by in vitro testing may vary with the assays employed. 相似文献922.
Proença-Modena JL Gagliardi TB Escremim de Paula F Iwamoto MA Criado MF Camara AA Acrani GO Cintra OA Cervi MC de Paula Arruda LK Arruda E 《PloS one》2011,6(6):e21083
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a parvovirus recently identified in association with acute respiratory infections (ARI). Despite its worldwide occurrence, little is known on the pathogenesis of HBoV infections. In addition, few systematic studies of HBoV in ARI have been conducted in Latin America. Therefore, in order to test whether active viral replication of human bocavirus is associated with respiratory diseases and to understand the clinical impact of this virus in patients with these diseases, we performed a 3-year retrospective hospital-based study of HBoV in outpatients and inpatients with symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in Brazil. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from 1015 patients with respiratory symptoms were tested for HBoV DNA by PCR. All samples positive for HBoV were tested by PCR for all other respiratory viruses, had HBoV viral loads determined by quantitative real time PCR and, when possible, were tested by RT-PCR for HBoV VP1 mRNA, as evidence of active viral replication. HBoV was detected in 4.8% of patients, with annual rates of 10.0%, 3.0% and 3.0% in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The range of respiratory symptoms was similar between HBoV-positive and HBoV-negative ARI patients. However, a higher rate of diarrhea was observed in HBoV-positive patients. High HBoV viral loads (>108 copies/mL) and diarrhea were significantly more frequent in patients with exclusive infection by HBoV and in patients with detection of HBoV VP1 mRNA than in patients with viral co-infection, detected in 72.9% of patients with HBoV. In summary, our data demonstrated that active HBoV replication was detected in a small percentage of patients with ARI and was correlated with concurrent diarrhea and lack of other viral co-infections. 相似文献
923.
Mota BE Gallardo-Romero N Trindade G Keckler MS Karem K Carroll D Campos MA Vieira LQ da Fonseca FG Ferreira PC Bonjardim CA Damon IK Kroon EG 《PloS one》2011,6(4):e18924
Adverse events upon smallpox vaccination with fully-replicative strains of Vaccinia virus (VACV) comprise an array of clinical manifestations that occur primarily in immunocompromised patients leading to significant host morbidity/mortality. The expansion of immune-suppressed populations and the possible release of Variola virus as a bioterrorist act have given rise to concerns over vaccination complications should more widespread vaccination be reinitiated. Our goal was to evaluate the components of the host immune system that are sufficient to prevent morbidity/mortality in a murine model of tail scarification, which mimics immunological and clinical features of smallpox vaccination in humans. Infection of C57BL/6 wild-type mice led to a strictly localized infection, with complete viral clearance by day 28 p.i. On the other hand, infection of T and B-cell deficient mice (Rag1(-/-)) produced a severe disease, with uncontrolled viral replication at the inoculation site and dissemination to internal organs. Infection of B-cell deficient animals (μMT) produced no mortality. However, viral clearance in μMT animals was delayed compared to WT animals, with detectable viral titers in tail and internal organs late in infection. Treatment of Rag1(-/-) with rabbit hyperimmune anti-vaccinia serum had a subtle effect on the morbidity/mortality of this strain, but it was effective in reduce viral titers in ovaries. Finally, NUDE athymic mice showed a similar outcome of infection as Rag1(-/-), and passive transfer of WT T cells to Rag1(-/-) animals proved fully effective in preventing morbidity/mortality. These results strongly suggest that both T and B cells are important in the immune response to primary VACV infection in mice, and that T-cells are required to control the infection at the inoculation site and providing help for B-cells to produce antibodies, which help to prevent viral dissemination. These insights might prove helpful to better identify individuals with higher risk of complications after infection with poxvirus. 相似文献
924.
Background
Poor adherence is estimated to cause 125 thousand deaths per year and is linked to 10% of all hospital stays in the U.S. Up to one third of elderly hypertensive patients don''t have adherence, which is responsible for high proportion of hospitalizations. Hypertension is also related to poor performance in tests that assess cognitive functions. On the other hand, poor cognitive performance is associated with low adherence to treatment.Objective
To assess the association between cognitive function, anxiety and psychiatric disorders with adherence to drug treatment in patients with hypertension.Methodology and Principal Findings
This a cohort studies with 56 adult patients with uncontrolled hypertension who participated of all meetings of a pharmaceutical intervention in a randomized clinical trial of pharmaceutical care. Cognitive function was measured by the Mini Mental State Examination (Mini-mental). The memory was measured by digit and word spans, tower and church shadow test, short story test and metamemory. Anxiety and psychiatric disorders were evaluated by the State Trace Anxiety Inventory and the Self-Report Questionnaire, respectively. The participants were classified as adherent or non-adherent to the drug treatment, according to the identification of plasma levels of hydrochlorothiazide. All non-adherent patients (n = 12) and 35 out 44 (79.5%) patients with adherence to treatment had at least one memory test with an altered score (P = 0.180). Participants with an unsatisfactory score in the Mini-mental had six-fold higher risk of non-adherence to treatment when compared to those with a normal score (RR = 5.8; CI 95%: 1.6–20.8; P = 0.007). The scores of anxiety and psychiatric disorders were not associated with adherence to the pharmacological treatment.Conclusion
Cognitive deficit impairs adherence to drug therapy and should be screened as part of a program of pharmaceutical care to improve adherence to treatment. 相似文献925.
Fagundes CT Costa VV Cisalpino D Amaral FA Souza PR Souza RS Ryffel B Vieira LQ Silva TA Atrasheuskaya A Ignatyev G Sousa LP Souza DG Teixeira MM 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2011,5(12):e1449
Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease caused by one of four serotypes of Dengue virus (DENV-1-4). Severe dengue infection in humans is characterized by thrombocytopenia, increased vascular permeability, hemorrhage and shock. However, there is little information about host response to DENV infection. Here, mechanisms accounting for IFN-γ production and effector function during dengue disease were investigated in a murine model of DENV-2 infection. IFN-γ expression was greatly increased after infection of mice and its production was preceded by increase in IL-12 and IL-18 levels. In IFN-γ(-/-) mice, DENV-2-associated lethality, viral loads, thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration, and liver injury were enhanced, when compared with wild type-infected mice. IL-12p40(-/-) and IL-18(-/-) infected-mice showed decreased IFN-γ production, which was accompanied by increased disease severity, higher viral loads and enhanced lethality. Blockade of IL-18 in infected IL-12p40(-/-) mice resulted in complete inhibition of IFN-γ production, greater DENV-2 replication, and enhanced disease manifestation, resembling the response seen in DENV-2-infected IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Reduced IFN-γ production was associated with diminished Nitric Oxide-synthase 2 (NOS2) expression and NOS2(-/-) mice had elevated lethality, more severe disease evolution and increased viral load after DENV-2 infection. Therefore, IL-12/IL-18-induced IFN-γ production and consequent NOS2 induction are of major importance to host resistance against DENV infection. 相似文献
926.
Extended research has been carried out to clarify the ecological role of plant
secondary metabolites (SMs). Although their primary ecological function is
self-defense, bioactive compounds have long been used in alternative medicine or
in biological control of pests. Several members of the family Labiatae are known
to have strong antimicrobial capacity. For testing and quantifying antibacterial
activity, most often standard microbial protocols are used, assessing inhibitory
activity on a selected strain. In this study, the applicability of a microbial
ecotoxtest was evaluated to quantify the aggregate bactericide capacity of
Labiatae species, based on the bioluminescence inhibition of the bacterium
Vibrio fischeri. Striking differences were found amongst
herbs, reaching even 10-fold toxicity. Glechoma hederacea L.
proved to be the most toxic, with the EC50 of 0.4073 g dried plant/l.
LC50 values generated by the standard bioassay seem to be a good
indicator of the bactericide property of herbs. Traditional use of the selected
herbs shows a good correlation with bioactivity expressed as bioluminescence
inhibition, leading to the conclusion that the Vibrio fischeri
bioassay can be a good indicator of the overall antibacterial capacity of herbs,
at least on a screening level.Key words: Labiatae, antibacterial property, bioactivity, Vibrio fischeri 相似文献
927.
More than 150 pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations associated with a range of illnesses have been described in humans. These mutations are carried by one in 400 people and their inheritance is exclusively maternal. Currently there is no method to prevent mtDNA diseases, which highlights the need for strategies to predict their transmission. Here we outline the scientific background and unique difficulties in understanding the transmission of mtDNA diseases, explaining why their management has lagged so far behind the genetics revolution. Moreover, both current and future management options, including cytoplasmic and nuclear transfer, are also discussed. 相似文献
928.
Alves JM Voegtly L Matveyev AV Lara AM da Silva FM Serrano MG Buck GA Teixeira MM Camargo EP 《PloS one》2011,6(8):e23518
It has been known for decades that some insect-infecting trypanosomatids can survive in culture without heme supplementation while others cannot, and that this capability is associated with the presence of a betaproteobacterial endosymbiont in the flagellate's cytoplasm. However, the specific mechanisms involved in this process remained obscure. In this work, we sequence and phylogenetically analyze the heme pathway genes from the symbionts and from their hosts, as well as from a number of heme synthesis-deficient Kinetoplastida. Our results show that the enzymes responsible for synthesis of heme are encoded on the symbiont genomes and produced in close cooperation with the flagellate host. Our evidence suggests that this synergistic relationship is the end result of a history of extensive gene loss and multiple lateral gene transfer events in different branches of the phylogeny of the Trypanosomatidae. 相似文献
929.
Antonella Souza Mattei Sydney Hartz Alves Débora Alves Mario Guilherme Watte Cecília Bittencourt Severo Luciana da Silva Guazzelli Flávio de Mattos Oliveira Luiz Carlos Severo 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2013,30(4):243-247
BackgroundCandidiasis is one of the most important among recurrent invasive yeast infections in patients, thus antifungal treatment becomes a challenge.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of clinical Candida albicans isolates from blood cultures to fluconazole, amphotericin B and anidulafungin, in a hospital from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.MethodsThe susceptibility of 153 isolates to the 3 drugs mentioned was tested according to Clinical and Laboratory Standars Institute. Minimal inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC, MFC, respectively) of each drug were determined, as well as the epidemiological cutoff value (ECV).ResultsAll of the isolates were susceptible to anidulafungin, MIC and MFC ≤ 1 μg/ml; however, when compared with ECV, 3% of the isolates exhibited higher values against fluconazole, 96% were susceptible, 3% susceptible dose-dependent, and 1% resistant. Also, it was observed that 21% of the isolates exhibited higher values than ECV. One isolate was resistant to amphotericin B; the other ones, susceptible, based on the MFC; furthermore, 1.5% of the isolates exhibited higher values.ConclusionsC. albicans isolates exhibited more susceptibility to anidulafungin, and 90% of them (MIC90) exhibited the lowest values against amphotericin B. Based on ECV and Pfaller classification, isolates could be resistant to fluconazole, demonstrating the importance of the combination of these parameters. 相似文献
930.
We report on the only known case of independent discovery of unrooted trees in a historical science outside of biological systematics. The method of textual criticism (ecdotics, i.e., the building of text-version genealogies) created by French philologist Henri Quentin (1872–1935) proposes the use of a type of branching scheme equivalent to unrooted trees in phylogenetics. Because Quentin's method has never become the prevailing paradigm in philology, his insight into unrooted trees has not been noticed in previous studies comparing philology and phylogenetics. In fact, the modern use of unrooted trees in philology is seen as imported from phylogenetics. Quentin's procedure starts by building an unrooted tree (‘chain’) expressing the network of text versions (taxa) based on ‘variants’ (equivalent to unpolarized character states). Such undirected scheme is then rooted on the basis of extrinsic temporal information, thus resulting in a complete (rooted) hypothesis of relationships. Quentin asserts that the building of an unrooted tree precedes the determination of its orientation (rooting) and that the two procedures reflect distinct levels of structural organization, relying on different assumptions. Henri Quentin fully grasped the implications of time-reversible properties of unrooted trees and associated characters, in striking prescience of the same concepts developed in phylogenetics some 45 years later. The two versions of unrooted trees were developed entirely independently of each other and such convergence is testimony to the formal efficiency of approaching historical reconstruction in unrooted and rooted dimensions. 相似文献