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排序方式: 共有940条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Melania Melis Maria Carla Aragoni Massimiliano Arca Tiziana Cabras Claudia Caltagirone Massimo Castagnola Roberto Crnjar Irene Messana Beverly J. Tepper Iole Tomassini Barbarossa 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
The genetic predisposition to taste 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) varies among individuals and is associated with salivary levels of Ps-1 and II-2 peptides, belonging to the basic proline-rich protein family (bPRP). We evaluated the role of these proteins and free amino acids that selectively interact with the PROP molecule, in modulating bitter taste responsiveness. Subjects were classified by their PROP taster status based on ratings of perceived taste intensity for PROP and NaCl solutions. Quantitative and qualitative determinations of Ps-1 and II-2 proteins in unstimulated saliva were performed by HPLC-ESI-MS analysis. Subjects rated PROP bitterness after supplementation with Ps-1 and II-2, and two amino acids (L-Arg and L-Lys) whose interaction with PROP was demonstrated by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. ANOVA showed that salivary levels of II-2 and Ps-1 proteins were higher in unstimulated saliva of PROP super-tasters and medium tasters than in non-tasters. Supplementation of Ps-1 protein in individuals lacking it in saliva enhanced their PROP bitter taste responsiveness, and this effect was specific to the non-taster group.1H-NMR results showed that the interaction between PROP and L-Arg is stronger than that involving L-Lys, and taste experiments confirmed that oral supplementation with these two amino acids increased PROP bitterness intensity, more for L-Arg than for L-Lys. These data suggest that Ps-1 protein facilitates PROP bitter taste perception and identifies a role for free L-Arg and L-Lys in PROP tasting. 相似文献
22.
Fabio Lapenta Alejandro Montón Silva Renato Brandimarti Massimiliano Lanzi Fabio Lino Gratani Perceval Vellosillo Gonzalez Sofia Perticarari Alejandro Hochkoeppler 《PloS one》2016,11(4)
DNA Polymerases generate pyrophosphate every time they catalyze a step of DNA elongation. This elongation reaction is generally believed as thermodynamically favoured by the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate, catalyzed by inorganic pyrophosphatases. However, the specific action of inorganic pyrophosphatases coupled to DNA replication in vivo was never demonstrated. Here we show that the Polymerase-Histidinol-Phosphatase (PHP) domain of Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase III α subunit features pyrophosphatase activity. We also show that this activity is inhibited by fluoride, as commonly observed for inorganic pyrophosphatases, and we identified 3 amino acids of the PHP active site. Remarkably, E. coli cells expressing variants of these catalytic residues of α subunit feature aberrant phenotypes, poor viability, and are subject to high mutation frequencies. Our findings indicate that DNA Polymerases can couple DNA elongation and pyrophosphate hydrolysis, providing a mechanism for the control of DNA extension rate, and suggest a promising target for novel antibiotics. 相似文献
23.
Association between a school‐based intervention and adiposity outcomes in adolescents: The Italian “EAT” project
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24.
Manfredi Allegri Massimiliano G. Bianchi Martina Chiu Julia Varet Anna L. Costa Simona Ortelli Magda Blosi Ovidio Bussolati Craig A. Poland Enrico Bergamaschi 《PloS one》2016,11(3)
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofibres are a novel fibrous nanomaterial with increasing applications in a variety of fields. While the biological effects of TiO2 nanoparticles have been extensively studied, the toxicological characterization of TiO2 nanofibres is far from being complete. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of commercially available anatase TiO2 nanofibres using TiO2 nanoparticles (NP) and crocidolite asbestos as non-fibrous or fibrous benchmark materials. The evaluated endpoints were cell viability, haemolysis, macrophage activation, trans-epithelial electrical resistance (an indicator of the epithelial barrier competence), ROS production and oxidative stress as well as the morphology of exposed cells. The results showed that TiO2 nanofibres caused a cell-specific, dose-dependent decrease of cell viability, with larger effects on alveolar epithelial cells than on macrophages. The observed effects were comparable to those of crocidolite, while TiO2 NP did not decrease cell viability. TiO2 nanofibres were also found endowed with a marked haemolytic activity, at levels significantly higher than those observed with TiO2 nanoparticles or crocidolite. Moreover, TiO2 nanofibres and crocidolite, but not TiO2 nanoparticles, caused a significant decrease of the trans-epithelial electrical resistance of airway cell monolayers. SEM images demonstrated that the interaction with nanofibres and crocidolite caused cell shape perturbation with the longest fibres incompletely or not phagocytosed. The expression of several pro-inflammatory markers, such as NO production and the induction of Nos2 and Ptgs2, was significantly increased by TiO2 nanofibres, as well as by TiO2 nanoparticles and crocidolite. This study indicates that TiO2 nanofibres had significant toxic effects and, for most endpoints with the exception of pro-inflammatory changes, are more bio-active than TiO2 nanoparticles, showing the relevance of shape in determining the toxicity of nanomaterials. Given that several toxic effects of TiO2 nanofibres appear comparable to those observed with crocidolite, the possibility that they exert length dependent toxicity in vivo seems worthy of further investigation. 相似文献
25.
Massimiliano Carnabuci Giulia Schiavon Michela Bellingeri Fulvio Fossa Chiara Paoli Paolo Vassallo Guido Gnone 《Population Ecology》2016,58(2):249-264
The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821) is a regularly observed species in the Mediterranean Sea, but its network organization has never been investigated on a large scale. We described the network macrostructure of the bottlenose dolphin (meta)population inhabiting the Pelagos Sanctuary (a wide protected area located in the north-western portion of the Mediterranean basin) and we analysed its connectivity in relation to the landscape traits. We pooled effort and sighting data collected by 13 different research institutions operating within the Pelagos Sanctuary from 1994 to 2011 to examine the distribution of bottlenose dolphins in the Pelagos study area and then we applied a social network analysis, investigating the association patterns of the photo-identified dolphins (806 individuals in 605 sightings). The bottlenose dolphin (meta)population inhabiting the Pelagos Sanctuary is clustered in discrete units whose borders coincide with habitat breakages. This complex structure seems to be shaped by the geo-morphological and ecological features of the landscape, through a mechanism of local specialization of the resident dolphins. Five distinct clusters were identified in the (meta)population and two of them were solid enough to be further investigated and compared. Significant differences were found in the network parameters, suggesting a different social organization of the clusters, possibly as a consequence of the different local specialization. 相似文献
26.
Gisela M. Via do Pico Yanina J. Prez María B. Angulo Massimiliano Dematteis 《植物分类学报:英文版》2019,57(5):451-467
Understanding speciation and biodiversity patterns in plants requires knowledge of the general role of climate in allowing polyploids to escape competition and persist with their diploid progenitors. This is a particularly interesting issue in widespread species that present multiple ploidy levels and occur across a heterogeneous environment. Chrysolaena (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) is a cytogenetically very diverse genus, with significant interspecific and intraspecific ploidy level variation and with continuous distribution across South America. No previous studies have summarized chromosome count data of Chrysolaena or addressed the cytogeography of the genus. Ploidy level of Chrysolaena species was determined by chromosome counting during mitosis and/or meiosis; the geographic distribution of cytotypes was examined and the correlations between the distribution of particular cytotypes and current ecological conditions were evaluated. A total of 43 new chromosome counts and five ploidy levels (2x, 4x, 6x, 7x, 8x) were reported. The chromosome number of C. cordifolia (2n = 7x = 70) and a new cytotype for C. propinqua var. canescens (2n = 4x = 40) are reported for the first time. Three geographic areas with high diversity of cytotypes and species were detected. The results obtained do not suggest a clear distribution pattern that depends on climatic factors for Chrysolaena populations. However, a geographic pattern was identified in the distribution of ploidy levels, with diploid species presenting a more restricted distribution than polyploid species. 相似文献
27.
Francesca Giampieri Md Soriful Islam Stefania Greco Massimiliano Gasparrini Tamara Y. Forbes Hernandez Giovanni Delli Carpini Stefano Raffaele Giannubilo Andrea Ciavattini Bruno Mezzetti Luca Mazzoni Franco Capocasa Mario Castellucci Maurizio Battino Pasquapina Ciarmela 《Journal of cellular physiology》2019,234(5):7622-7633
Uterine leiom yomas are benign tumors highly prevalent in reproductive women. In thecurrent study, initially, we aimed to screen five different strawberry cultivars (Alba, Clery, Portola, Tecla, and Romina) to identify efficient cultivars in terms of phytochemical characterization and biological properties by measuring phenolic and anthocyanin content as well as antioxidant capacity, and by measuring apoptotic rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in uterine leiomyoma cells. Next, we focused on the most efficient ones, cultivar Alba (A) and Romina (R) as well as Romina anthocyanin (RA) fraction for their ability to regulate oxidative phosphorylation (oxygen consumption rate [OCR]) glycolysis (extracellular acidification rate [ECAR]), and also fibrosis. Leiomyoma and myometrial cells were treated with a methanolic extract of A and R (250 μg/ml) or with RA (50 μg/ml) for 48 hr to measure OCR and ECAR, as well as gene expression associated with fibrosis. In the leiomyoma cells, RA was more effective in inducing apoptosis and increasing intracellular ROS levels, followed by R and A. In myometrial cells, all strawberry treatments increased the cellular viability and decreased ROS concentrations. Leiomyoma cells showed also a significant decrease in ECAR, especially after RA treatment, while OCR was slightly increased in both myometrial and leiomyoma cells. R and RA treatment significantly decreased collagen 1A1, fibronectin, versican, and activin A messenger RNA expression in leiomyoma cells. In conclusion, this study suggests that Romina, or its anthocyanin fraction, can be developed as a therapeutic and/or preventive agent for uterine leiomyomas, confirming the healthy effects exerted by these fruits and their bioactive compounds. 相似文献
28.
29.
Costi R Di Santo R Artico M Roux A Ragno R Massa S Tramontano E La Colla M Loddo R Marongiu ME Pani A La Colla P 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2004,14(7):1745-1749
A series of 6-aryl-2,4-dioxo-5-hexenoic acids, were synthesized and tested against HIV-1 in cell-based assays and against recombinant HIV-1 integrase (rIN) in enzyme assays. Compound 8a showed potent antiretroviral activity (EC(50)=1.5 microM) and significant inhibition against rIN (strand transfer: IC(50)=7.9 microM; 3'-processing: IC(50)=7.0 microM). A preliminary molecular modeling study was carried out to compare the spatial conformation of 8a with those of L-731988 (4) and 5CITEP (7) in the IN core. 相似文献
30.
Trucco A Polishchuk RS Martella O Di Pentima A Fusella A Di Giandomenico D San Pietro E Beznoussenko GV Polishchuk EV Baldassarre M Buccione R Geerts WJ Koster AJ Burger KN Mironov AA Luini A 《Nature cell biology》2004,6(11):1071-1081
The organization of secretory traffic remains unclear, mainly because of the complex structure and dynamics of the secretory pathway. We have thus studied a simplified system, a single synchronized traffic wave crossing an individual Golgi stack, using electron tomography. Endoplasmic-reticulum-to-Golgi carriers join the stack by fusing with cis cisternae and induce the formation of intercisternal tubules, through which they redistribute their contents throughout the stack. These tubules seem to be pervious to Golgi enzymes, whereas Golgi vesicles are depleted of both enzymes and cargo. Cargo then traverses the stack without leaving the cisternal lumen. When cargo exits the stack, intercisternal connections disappear. These findings provide a new view of secretory traffic that includes dynamic intercompartment continuities as key players. 相似文献