GS3, a major QTL for grain length and weight and minor QTL for grain width and thickness in rice, encodes a putative transmembrane protein

The GS3 locus located in the pericentromeric region of rice chromosome 3 has been frequently identified as a major QTL for both grain weight (a yield trait) and grain length (a quality trait) in the literature. Near isogenic lines of GS3 were developed by successive crossing and backcrossing Minghui 63 (large grain) with Chuan 7 (small grain), using Minghui 63 as the recurrent parent. Analysis of a random subpopulation of 201 individuals from the BC₃F₂ progeny confirmed that the GS3 locus explained 80–90% of the variation for grain weight and length in this population. In addition, this locus was resolved as a minor QTL for grain width and thickness. Using 1,384 individuals with recessive phenotype (large grain) from a total of 5,740 BC₃F₂ plants and 11 molecular markers based on sequence information, GS3 was mapped to a DNA fragment approximately 7.9 kb in length. A full-length cDNA corresponding to the target region was identified, which provided complete sequence information for the GS3 candidate. This gene consists of five exons and encodes 232 amino acids with a putative PEBP-like domain, a transmembrane region, a putative TNFR/NGFR family cysteine-rich domain and a VWFC module. Comparative sequencing analysis identified a nonsense mutation, shared among all the large-grain varieties tested in comparison with the small grain varieties, in the second exon of the putative GS3 gene. This mutation causes a 178-aa truncation in the C-terminus of the predicted protein, suggesting that GS3 may function as a negative regulator for grain size. Cloning of such a gene provided the opportunity for fully characterizing the regulatory mechanism and related processes during grain development.     

全雌系苦瓜ACC氧化酶基因cDNA克隆及序列分析

为研究1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸氧化酶(ACC氧化酶,ACO)基因在苦瓜性别分化中的作用,以全雌系苦瓜‘X-Hei-d-d’花蕾为试材,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术获得了ACC氧化酶基因(Mc-ACO1)的全长cDNA序列。该序列为1 137 bp(GenBank登录号:FJ459813),其完整开放阅读框长1 005 bp,编码334个氨基酸,预测分子量为37.30 kD,肽链N端缺失ACOs家族典型的1个保守区和2个保守二价铁离子/抗坏血酸依赖型双加氧酶氨基酸残基。序列分析表明,植物ACO基因的演化与其来源植物亲缘关系的一致性较高;与其他物种相比,苦瓜Mc-ACO1不同的氨基酸序列主要表现在肽链N端;苦瓜Mc-ACO1应属于黄瓜Cs-ACO2类成员,功能可能与性别分化相关。     

禽流感H5N1病毒感染BALB/c小鼠的细胞免疫动态变化

[目的]测定H5N1病毒感染BALB/c的小鼠模型的细胞免疫动态变化,探讨病毒对机体免疫系统的影响。[方法]通过流式细胞仪测定CD3+T、CD4+T、CD8+T等细胞免疫变化。[结果]感染H5N1病毒的小鼠血液中CD3+T、CD4+T、CD8+T细胞数量下降(P<0.05),脾脏中T细胞数量下降的趋势与血液相同,CD4+T/CD8+T的比例上升,只是两者的时间有所差别。[结论]说明病毒对细胞免疫T细胞数量影响较大,而且CD8+T受到的影响更为明显,反应了机体特异性细胞免疫功能受抑制,并且彼此之间的平衡受到破坏。     

枯草杆菌核糖体蛋白质突变对碱性蛋白酶基因表达的影响

用枯草杆菌体外转录-翻译偶联系统检测13种19株枯草杆菌核糖体蛋白质突变对碱性蛋白酶基因表达的影响,发现10种13株核糖体蛋白质突变能影响碱性蛋白酶基因的表达。其中依赖链霉素突变核糖体几乎不能翻译碱性蛋白酶mRNA。依赖链霉素突变在翻译层次抑制碱性蛋白酶基因的表达,但对中性蛋白酶基因的表达没有影响。在碱性蛋白酶mRNA翻译起始区有一个复合二级结构,用体外突变方法破坏其中一个,翻译效率提高8.2倍。依赖链霉素突变和抗链霉素突变核糖体的高级结构不同,与碱性蛋白酶mRNA 5'端片段的亲合力也有差异。由于碱性蛋白酶mRNA翻译起始区的复合二级结构和低起始强度以及依赖链霉素突变核糖体高级结构的改变,使依赖链霉素突变核糖体不能翻译碱性蛋白酶mRNA。     

改良抗体捕获ELISA方法检测流行性出血热特异性IgE,IgA,IgG抗体的初步研究

初步报道建立了一种检测流行性出血热(EHF)特异性IgE、IgA、IgG抗体的改良抗体捕获ELISA方法(EacELISA,AacELISA,GacELISA)。该法以抗人IgE、IgA或IgG单克隆抗体作包被抗体;酶标记物系两株组特异性较强的EHF·McAb(A_(35),A_(25-1)株);在实验中采用EHF病毒抗原与酶标记物混合后一次加入,而不是分别依次加入的方式,使操作步骤简化,实验时间缩短,又适当提高了试验敏感性。该法具有简便,特异性高,灵敏度较高(检测EHF·IgE,EHF·IgA>1:100;EHF·IgG>1:2560),重复性较好(CV:EHF·IgE 2.51％,EHF·IgA 11.80％,EHF·IgG 10.85％)等优点。检测39份EHF病人血清,急性期病人(3～7病日)血清三种抗体的检出率分别为84.21％(16/19,EHF·IgG),89.47％(17/19,EHF·IgA)和100％(19/19,EHF·IgG);而发病3～6月后患者血清三种抗体检出率分别为10.00％(2/20),45.00％(9/20)和100.00％。在急性期与恢复期病人之间,EHF·IgE和EHF·IgA两种抗体的检出率差异较显著(P<0.01)。70价其他人群血清三种抗体检出率均为阴性。     

高效降解棉酚菌株的选育及脱毒条件的研究

From mildewed cottonseed cake and stock cultUres of mold and yeast We select more than ten strains of yeastS and molds which can degrade cotton Phenol. At last we got four strains which can degrade cotton phenol highly effeted after mutagenized by physical and chemical factors and induced by cotton Phenol. They belong to Candida tropicalis, Torulopsis candida, Aspergillus flavus and ASPergillus niger. By small and medium size fermenfations, the content of dissociated cottom Phenol all reach safe criterion (…     

中国亚洲象现状及研究进展

综述了中国亚洲象的分布、种群大小、行为和系统地理学研究现状。野生亚洲象目前在我国仅分布于云南省南部3个地区,种群大小在200～250头之间。面临着栖息地高度破碎化、较为猖獗的盗猎活动和日益严重的农业开发干扰等问题。种群遗传学研究进一步表明,我国中国亚洲象分为两大地理单元,西双版纳地理单元及南滚河地理单元。西双版纳地理单元内4个地理种群间遗传变异很低,南滚河种群与其他4个地理种群具有显著性差异和明显的遗传分化。与国外其他种群相比,中国亚洲象种群遗传多样性极端缺乏。建议野生动物管理部门将分布于西双版纳地区与南滚河地区的亚洲象种群分别对待,以保证两分枝内亚洲象种群遗传的稳定性和独特性。另外,在西双版纳地区将几个孤立的地理种群通过建立亚洲象可利用的生态走廊带是十分必要的。     

Acetone-soluble cellulose acetates prepared by one-step homogeneous acetylation of cornhusk cellulose in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl)

Cellulose samples extracted from cornhusk have been successfully acetylated in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl). Without using any catalyst, cornhusk cellulose acetates (CCAs) with the degree of substitution (DS) in a range from 2.16 to 2.63 were prepared in one-step. Under the homogeneous state, the DS value of CCAs was easily controlled by the acetylation time. The obtained CCAs were characterized by means of FT-IR, ¹³C NMR, DSC, TGA, and a mechanical test. The NMR results showed that the distribution of the acetyl moiety among the three OH groups of the anhydroglucose unit shows a preference at the C₆ position. The CCAs exhibited good solubility in some organic solvents, such as acetone and DMSO. The cast CCA films from their acetone solutions had good mechanical properties. At the end of each acetylation of cornhusk cellulose, the ionic liquid AmimCl could be effectively recovered. Therefore, this study presents a promising approach and “green process” to make use of crop by-products.     

六种检测猪瘟病毒方法的比较

【目的】本研究旨在比较6种检测猪瘟病毒方法的优缺点。【方法】应用病毒分离、胶体金免疫层析试纸条、抗原捕捉ELISA、反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)、TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR(RT-qPCR)和反转录-环介导等温扩增方法(RT-LAMP)等6种方法,分别对50份疑似猪瘟病料中的猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fevervirus,CSFV)进行检测。【结果】结果表明:RT-qPCR和RT-LAMP方法检出阳性样品数为13份,RT-PCR为11份,病毒分离为10份,抗原捕捉ELISA为9份,胶体金试纸条为8份;6种方法均检测为阳性8份,均为阴性37份。【结论】结果提示,在对猪瘟病毒进行检测时,RT-qPCR、RT-LAMP和RT-PCR由于其灵敏性高,可作为首选检测方法,但操作时需要避免假阳性的出现;病毒分离方法虽然操作繁琐,但结果准确,是确诊猪瘟必不可少的检测方法;抗原捕捉ELISA和胶体金试纸条检测时间较短,由于其敏感性较低所限,主要用于对畜群进行检测,不适合个体检测。     

人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体的发酵生产研究

为了适应工业生产的需要,利用fed—batch方法,重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体酵母工程菌在30L发酵罐中进行了高密度发酵,发酵最适温度30℃,pH值范围5．0～5．3,溶氧范围20％～30％。发酵液OD600值达到300时开始诱导,甲醇最佳诱导浓度为10mL／L。重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体经离子交换层析纯化,纯化产品经SDS-PAGE、Western blot进行分析和ELISA方法进行活性测定。结果显示,重组Fab抗体在Fed-batch发酵系统中可高效表达,经过192h的发酵生产,重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体的表达量可达412mg／L。发酵上清经过离子交换层析纯化,获得纯度为95％的重组Fab抗体,该Fab抗体经ELISA分析具有较高的HBsAg抗原亲和力和特异性。结果证实可以通过高密度发酵毕赤酵母工程菌来高效生产重组人源性抗HBsAg Fab抗体,为后续的工业化生产应用奠定了基础。