生物表面活性剂产生菌的筛选及表面活性剂稳定性研究

大庆油田油泥样品经富集培养,平板分离,获得52株菌。排油性实验和表面张力测定表明,菌株B22、B24、B2s产生的表面活性剂表面活性稳定,表面张力较低。温度、pH和NaCl浓度实验证实,细菌B22,产生的生物表面活性剂可耐受120℃高温,另2种生物表面活性剂可耐受80℃;3种细菌生物表面活性剂对pH有广泛适应性,1322pH适应范围为4．0～13．0,B24、B25的pH适应范围为2．0～13．0;NaCl浓度对表面活性剂的生物活性影响不大。将3株菌的生物表面活性剂用于室内油泥处理实验,72h石油去除率达70％以上。     

膜下滴灌技术生态-经济与可持续性分析——以新疆玛纳斯河流域棉花为例

利用2000、2004、2006和2009年玛纳斯河流域的调查数据,以棉花为例,从生态、经济和社会可持续发展三个角度对比分析了膜下滴灌技术的应用效果.生态效益主要表现为,采用膜下滴灌比沟灌平均节水41.92％,流域内农业节约水量约为多年河道来水的9.34％,基本满足河道最小生态需水;采用膜下滴灌比沟灌节约化肥用量18.38％,节约农药用量17.00％.经济效益主要表现为,采用膜下滴灌棉花(籽棉)单产提高23.15％,水分利用效率(WUE)提高70.70％.社会效益主要表现为,采用膜下滴灌农业管理效率提高3-4倍,节约了农业劳动力.采用Bossel理论综合评价膜下滴灌技术的社会可持续性性,结果为良好.总体分析结果表明,采用膜下滴灌技术有利于区域社会经济的发展和生态环境的保护.本文的研究结果可为今后膜下滴灌技术的推广应用提供参考.     

Dietary l-glutamine supplementation increases Pasteurella multocida burden and the expression of its major virulence factors in mice

This study was conducted to determine the effects of graded doses of l-glutamine supplementation on the replication and distribution of Pasteurella multocida, and the expression of its major virulence factors in mouse model. Mice were randomly assigned to the basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 % glutamine. Pasteurella multocida burden was detected in the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney after 12 h of P. multocida infection. The expression of major virulence factors, toll-like receptors (TLRs), proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and anti-oxidative factors (GPX1 and CuZnSOD) was analyzed in the lung and spleen. Dietary 0.5 % glutamine supplementation has little significant effect on these parameters, compared to those with basal diet. However, results showed that a high dose of glutamine supplementation increased the P. multocida burden (P < 0.001) and the expression of its major virulence factors (P < 0.05) as compared to those with a lower dose of supplementation. In the lung, high dose of glutamine supplementation inhibited the proinflammatory responses (P < 0.05) and TLRs signaling (P < 0.05). In the spleen, the effect of glutamine supplementation on different components in TLR signaling depends on glutamine concentration, and high dose of glutamine supplementation activated the proinflammatory response. In conclusion, glutamine supplementation increased P. multocida burden and the expression of its major virulence factors, while affecting the functions of the lung and spleen.     

抗噬菌体菌株C224发酵生产2KG的条件试验

以ZKG生产菌株球状节杆菌K1022为出发菌株,选育出的抗噬菌体菌株C224发酵条件试验的实验结果表明:C224菌能利用淀粉水解糖、葡萄糖酸钙、葡萄糖发酵产生2KG;以葡萄糖为原料发酵生产2KG的条件为:接种量8％以上,250mL摇瓶装量20mL,31℃265r/min,振荡培养72h;发酵最佳配比组成为:葡萄糖18％,玉米浆1.65％,尿素0％,KH_2PO_4 0.0015％,CaCO_3 5％。     

角蛋白15在大鼠皮肤发育中表达的研究

目的研究角蛋白15(K15)在大鼠皮肤发育中的表达状况,定位表皮干细胞.方法以不同年龄大鼠背部皮肤为标本,用组织学方法,观察出生后大鼠皮肤的形态发育变化;以K15单克隆抗体为一抗,进行免疫组织化学染色,观察K15在大鼠皮肤中的表达状况.结果(1)组织学方法显示,随着年龄的增长,大鼠背部表皮细胞层数逐渐变少;在毛囊的生长周期中,以隆突区为界,毛囊上段为恒定区,下段呈周期性变化(2)免疫组化染色显示,毛囊隆突区细胞胞浆表达K15,随年龄的增长,K15阳性细胞出现在毛母质细胞区、毛囊外根鞘和表皮基底层.结论表皮干细胞位于毛囊隆突区,与表皮的更新和毛囊的周期性变化有关.     

Molecular Cloning of a HMG-CoA Reductase Gene from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, which is the first committed step in the pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. A full-length cDNA encoding HMGR (designated as EuHMGR, GenBank Accession No. AY796343) was isolated from Eucommia ulmoides by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of EuHMGR comprises 2281 bp with a 1770-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 590-amino-acid polypeptide with two trans-membrane domains revealed by bioinformatic analysis. Molecular modeling showed that EuHMGR is a new HMGR with a spatial structure similar to other plant HMGRs. The deduced protein has an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.89 and a calculated molecular weight of about 63 kDa. Sequence comparison analysis showed that EuHMGR had highest homology to HMGR from Hevea brasiliensis. As expected, phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that EuHMGR belongs to plant HMGR group. Tissue expression pattern analysis showed that EuHMGR is strongly expressed in the leaves and stems whereas it is only poorly expressed in the roots, which implies that EuHMGR may be a constitutively expressing gene. Functional complementation of EuHMGR in HMGR-deficient mutant yeast JRY2394 demonstrated that EuHMGR mediates the mevalonate biosynthesis in yeast.     

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITO LARVAE WITH MESOCYCLOPS LEUKARTI1)

Abstract  The control efficacy of a predatory copepod, Mesocyclops leukarti , collected in Jining, and its compatibility with Bacillus sphaericus (B.s. ) and B. thuringiensis var. csraefensis H-14 ( B. t. i. ) against mosquito larvae were evaluated in the laboratory and in the field. In the laboratory, M. leukarti showed higher predatory activity toward first instar larvae of Aedes albopictus than toward that of Anopheles sinensis and Culex pipiens pallens. Cage simulation test showed that larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens, An. sinensis and Ae. albopictus could be eliminated within 9, 10 and 7 weeks after interaction with the copepods respectively. M. leukarti population can grow quickly, and its mass production is easy and economic. However, pilot field trials indicated that M. leukarti alone could not eradicate mosquito larvae of the three species rapidly and completely as by chemical insecticides, although they could persist in mosquito breeding habitats longer than the mosquito season. When Mesocyclops was used in combination with B. s. and B. t. i. , higher and sustainable control effects were achieved. So this combination, which achieved the rapid larvicidal and sustainable control effect, was presumed to be practical and could be integrated into mosquito control program.     

青藏高原特有种黄绿卷毛菇的地理分布与生态环境的相关性

2008—2012年选择了中国青海、西藏、四川等22个地区,首次对青藏高原的特有真菌黄绿卷毛菇(Floccularia luteovirens)进行了全面、系统地调研,包括其地理分布、发生地的气候特征及其发生特征。研究结果表明:黄绿卷毛菇在我国的地理分布范围为纬度范围N 28°93'—37°69'、经度范围E 90°4'—102°1',主要是青藏高原地区;黄绿卷毛菇主要发生在夏秋(6—9月份),发生地的平均气温为6.2—15.9℃,平均相对湿度为41%—74%,年降水量为344—574 mm,年平均蒸发量为1393.8—2441.4mm,湿润系数为0.42—0.78。     

Interaction of uromodulin and complement factor H enhances C3b inactivation

Recent studies suggest that uromodulin plays an important role in chronic kidney diseases. It can interact with several complement components, various cytokines and immune system cells. Complement factor H (CFH), as a regulator of the complement alternative pathway, is also associated with various renal diseases. Thus, we have been suggested that uromodulin regulates complement activation by interacting with CFH during tubulointerstitial injury. We detected co‐localization of uromodulin and CFH in the renal tubules by using immunofluorescence. Next, we confirmed the binding of uromodulin with CFH in vitro and found that the affinity constant (K_D) of uromodulin binding to CFH was 4.07 × 10^?6M based on surface plasmon resonance results. The binding sites on CFH were defined as the short consensus repeat (SCR) units SCR1–4, SCR7 and SCR19–20. The uromodulin‐CFH interaction enhanced the cofactor activity of CFH for factor I‐mediated cleavage of C3b to iC3b. These results indicate that uromodulin plays a role via binding and enhancing the function of CFH.