鼠巨细胞病毒 IE-1核酸疫苗和灭活疫苗联合免疫抗病毒感染的研究

巨细胞病毒（Cytomegalovirus,CMV）在人群中感染普遍,对婴幼儿及免疫低下人群中造成严重疾病,目前还没有针对该病毒的商品化疫苗。本研究以BALB/c小鼠为动物模型,探讨鼠巨细胞病毒（Murine cytomega-lovirus,MCMV）IE-1 DNA疫苗和MCMV灭活疫苗联合免疫抗MCMV感染的免疫保护效果。将编码IE-1基因的DNA疫苗（pIE-1）通过肌肉注射辅以电穿孔的方式对小鼠进行初免,再用全病毒灭活疫苗单独或者辅以MF59佐剂进行加强免疫,分别通过ELISA和ELISPOT方法检测到联合免疫策略在免疫组小鼠体内诱导了MC-MV特异性的抗体应答和CTL应答;免疫两周后用3＆#215;LD50致死剂量MCMV感染小鼠,疫苗对小鼠的免疫保护通过检测小鼠存活率、重要器官中的病毒滴度及体重丢失率来评价。结果显示,与单独免疫DNA疫苗或灭活疫苗相比,IE-1 DNA疫苗联合灭活疫苗组能同时在小鼠体内诱导体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,并提供小鼠完全保护;而且MF59辅以灭活疫苗免疫小鼠能增强疫苗的免疫效果。     

Up-regulation of apelin in brain tissue of patients with epilepsy and an epileptic rat model

Prolonged epileptic seizures or SE can cause neuronal cell death. However, the exact role of neuroprotectant against brain injury during epileptic seizure needs to be further elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the apelin, a novel neuroprotective peptide, in brain tissues of the patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and experimental rats using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting analysis and to discuss the possible role of apelin in TLE. Thirty temporal neocortical tissue samples from the patients with drug-refractory TLE underwent surgical therapy and nine histologically normal temporal lobes tissues as controls were used in our study. Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups, including one control group and six groups with epilepsy induced by lithium-pilocarpine. Hippocampus and adjacent cortex were taken from the controls and epileptic rats at 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days after onset of seizures. Apelin was mainly expressed in the neurons of TLE patients and controls, and was significantly increased in TLE patients compared with the controls. Apelin was also expressed in the neurons of experimental and control rats, it was gradually increased in the experimental rat post-seizure and reached a stable high level in chronic epileptic phase. Our results demonstrated that the increased expression of apelin in the brain may be involved in human TLE.     

DynaCT对肝转移瘤介入治疗具有指导意义

为了探讨锥形束CT (DynaCT)在肝癌患者实施经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)手术治疗中的指导作用、栓塞效果评估中的价值,本研究选取了2012年3月至2015年5月在本院实施TACE手术治疗的102例原发性肝癌或转移性肝癌患者进行研究。通过对102例患者病灶进行手术前螺旋CT检测、术中数字减影血管造影(DSA)及DynaCT检测,并对比DSA与DynaCT对肝癌病灶、供血动脉、术后栓塞效果的检测结果。本研究发现术前普通螺旋CT共计检出病灶105个,术中DSA检出病灶数目176个,DynaCT术中检出肿瘤病灶285个;DynaCT和DSA的平均检出病灶数目均显著的高于普通螺旋CT (p<0.05),DynaCT平均检出病灶数目均显著的高于DSA (p<0.05);DynaCT的病灶供血动脉检出率为86.67%,显著地高于DSA (55.68%)(p<0.05);DynaCT检出的285个病灶对栓塞效果评估结果与实际栓塞效果一致的有271个病灶(95.09%),DSA评估结果与实际结果一致的有138个病灶(78.41%),DynaCT对于TACE术后效果评估的一致性高于DSA (p<0.05)。本研究表明,DynaCT在肝癌患者实施TACE手术治疗中能够更有效的发现病灶,指导栓塞操作。     

Selenium and selenoproteins in prostanoid metabolism and immunity

Abstract

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that functions in the form of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec) in a defined set of proteins. Se deficiency is associated with pathological conditions in humans and animals, where incorporation of Sec into selenoproteins is reduced along with their expression and catalytic activity. Supplementation of Se-deficient population with Se has shown health benefits suggesting the importance of Se in physiology. An interesting paradigm to explain, in part, the health benefits of Se stems from the observations that selenoprotein-dependent modulation of inflammation and efficient resolution of inflammation relies on mechanisms involving a group of bioactive lipid mediators, prostanoids, which orchestrate a concerted action toward maintenance and restoration of homeostatic immune responses. Such an effect involves the interaction of various immune cells with these lipid mediators where cellular redox gatekeeper functions of selenoproteins further aid in not only dampening inflammation, but also initiating an effective and active resolution process. Here we have summarized the current literature on the multifaceted roles of Se/selenoproteins in the regulation of these bioactive lipid mediators and their immunomodulatory effects.     

干旱区典型盐生植物群落下土壤微生物群落特征

运用Biolog技术,对干旱区玛纳斯河流域扇缘带的6种典型盐生植物群落下土壤微生物群落特征差异性进行了研究,探讨不同植物群落对土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明:不同盐生植物群落土壤平均颜色变化率(AWCD)随培养时间的延长而逐渐增加,大小顺序依次为:梭梭花花柴白刺绢蒿柽柳雾冰藜,且差异显著。不同植物群落土壤微生物对6类碳源利用差异显著(P0.05),其中梭梭群落利用率最高,雾冰藜群落利用率最低。碳水化合物类和氨基酸类是主要碳源,胺类的利用率最低。主成分分析(PCA)表明,在31种因子中提取的2个主成分因子,分别可以解释所有变量方差的41.51%和25.35%,对PC1和PC2起分异作用的主要碳源分别为碳水化合物类和氨基酸类。土壤微生物群落Shannon指数、Simpson指数上,除雾冰藜群落较低,其他群落之间均差异不显著(P0.05)。植物群落Margalef指数,Shannon指数和Simpson指数上,均为绢蒿,梭梭和柽柳群落较为优势。相关性分析表明,植物群落多样性指数与土壤微生物多样性指数呈显著正相关关系(P0.05),说明了植物多样性越丰富,土壤微生物越丰富。总体来说,干旱区不同盐生植物群落对土壤微生物群落多样性具有重要影响。其中,梭梭群落的土壤微生物群落具有较强的微生物总体活性和功能多样性。     

东北苏打盐碱地生态治理关键技术研发与集成示范

"东北苏打盐碱地生态治理关键技术研发与集成示范"项目(2016YFC0501200)由国家重点研发计划提供资助。项目主要针对东北土壤盐碱导致的生态环境恶化、限制区域生态恢复和经济发展的问题,综合考虑东北盐碱地区气候条件、盐碱程度和土地利用方式等差异,研究东北苏打盐碱地形成机理及障碍消减机制,研发适用于苏打盐碱地治理的微生物、植物种植与修复关键技术,研制盐碱地治理工程装备和产品,建立苏打盐碱地综合治理和生态产业模式,在东北苏打盐碱地典型分布区开展县域示范,为苏打盐碱地长效治理提供范式,实现生态、经济、社会效益共赢的盐碱地治理良性循环。     

Protections of SMND-309, a novel derivate of salvianolic acid B,on brain mitochondria contribute to injury amelioration in cerebral ischemia rats

SMND-309, a novel compound named (2E)-2-{6-[(E)-2-carboxylvinyl]-2,3-dihydroxyphenyl}-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propenoic acid, is a new derivate of salvianolic acid B. The present study was conducted to investigate whether SMND-309 has a protective effect on brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia, and if it did so, to investigate its effects on brain mitochondria. Adult male SD rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by bipolar electro-coagulation. Behavioral tests and brain patho-physiological tests were used to evaluate the damage to central nervous system. Origin targets including mitochondria production of reactive oxygen species, antioxidant potentia, membrane potential, energy metabolism, mitochondrial respiratory enzymes activities and mitochondria swelling degree were evaluated. The results showed that SMND-309 decreased neurological deficit scores, reduced the number of dead hippocampal neuronal cells in accordance with its depression on mitochondria swelling degree, reactive oxygen species production, improvements on mitochondria swelling, energy metabolism, membrane potential level and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities. All of these findings indicate that SMND-309 exerted potent neuroprotective effects in the model of permanent cerebral ischemia, contributed to its protections on brain mitochondrial structure and function.     

Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis of the Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Risk Factor,TMEM106B,by Signal Peptide Peptidase-like 2a (SPPL2a)

The sequential processing of single pass transmembrane proteins via ectodomain shedding followed by intramembrane proteolysis is involved in a wide variety of signaling processes, as well as maintenance of membrane protein homeostasis. Here we report that the recently identified frontotemporal lobar degeneration risk factor TMEM106B undergoes regulated intramembrane proteolysis. We demonstrate that TMEM106B is readily processed to an N-terminal fragment containing the transmembrane and intracellular domains, and this processing is dependent on the activities of lysosomal proteases. The N-terminal fragment is further processed into a small, rapidly degraded intracellular domain. The GxGD aspartyl proteases SPPL2a and, to a lesser extent, SPPL2b are responsible for this intramembrane cleavage event. Additionally, the TMEM106B paralog TMEM106A is also lysosomally localized; however, it is not a specific substrate of SPPL2a or SPPL2b. Our data add to the growing list of proteins that undergo intramembrane proteolysis and may shed light on the regulation of the frontotemporal lobar degeneration risk factor TMEM106B.