光学方法分析GABA及GABAA受体在脑干听觉传入通路的作用

目的旨在探讨脑干听觉传入通路中GABA能神经递质及GABAA受体对电刺激位听神经传入冲动的影响.方法使用出生后0～5 d的ddy/ddy小鼠制备脑干切片.脑片经电压敏感染料NK3041染色,电刺激与脑片相连的位听神经残端.使用16×16像素的硅光电二极管阵列测量光学信号.所采集的数据使用ARGUS50/PDA软件分析.结果多部位的光学记录方法显示了从位听神经到耳蜗核和前庭核的兴奋性传导的时间-空间分布.其中每一个光学成分由快峰电位样反应和慢反应组成.抑制性神经递质GABA可降低诱发的光学信号的快反应和慢反应,GABAA受体拮抗剂荷包牡丹碱可增强这些反应.结论16×16像素的硅光电二极管阵列可记录位听神经刺激诱发的多部位光学信号,每一个光学信号含有突触前及突触后电位成分.抑制性神经递质GABA和GJBAA受体拮抗剂可调节光学信号的兴奋性传导.     

上皮细胞分裂过程中中等纤维的变化

Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to follow the rearrangement of keratin filaments and vimentin filaments during mitosis in Vero and HeLa cell lines. The experiment results showed that the three dimensional organization and structure of intermediate filaments changed drastically during mitosis. The behavior of intermediate filaments was different in these two epithelial cell lines. In mitotic Vero cells the keratin filaments and vimentin filaments maintained their filamentous structure and formed a cage around the mitotic apparatus. In mitotic HeLa cells the keratin filaments and vimentin filaments reorganized extensively and formed granular cytoplasmic bodies. The ratio of granular cytoplasmic body formation changed in different mitotic phase. The interphase intermediate filament network was reconstructed after mitosis. It is proposed that the state of intermediate filament network in these cells is cell cycle-dependent and intermediate filaments may have some skeletal role in mitosis.     

非人灵长类基因修饰模型研究进展

非人灵长类动物在生命科学基础研究和生物医药研究领域具有非常重要的地位。近年来随着慢病毒载体转染及靶向核酸酶(ZFN,TALEN,CRISPR/Cas9)等基因操作技术的出现,科学家们成功地获得了外源基因过表达的转基因猴和目的基因定点切割的基因编辑猴。文中对目前利用慢病毒载体获得转基因猴和利用靶向核酸酶获得基因编辑猴的研究进展进行了综述,并讨论了基因修饰猴的嵌合体现象、脱靶现象及非人灵长类动物较长性成熟时间这几个影响非人灵长类基因修饰模型推广应用的因素,最后展望了非人灵长类基因修饰模型构建技术的研究热点及发展趋势。     

Noggin and bFGF cooperate to maintain the pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells in the absence of feeder layers

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are typically maintained on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeders or with MEF-conditioned medium. However, these xenosupport systems greatly limit the therapeutic applications of hES cells because of the risk of cross-transfer of animal pathogens. Here we showed that the bone morphogenetic protein antagonist noggin is critical in preventing differentiation of hES cells in culture. Furthermore, we found that the combination of noggin and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was sufficient to maintain the prolonged growth of hES cells while retaining all hES cell features. Since both noggin and bFGF are expressed in MEF, our findings suggest that they may be important factors secreted by MEF for maintaining undifferentiated pluripotent hES cells. Our data provide new insight into the mechanism how hES cell self-renewal is regulated. The newly developed feeder-free culture system will provide a more reliable alternative for future therapeutic applications of hES cells.     

Efficient expression and purification of recombinant alcohol oxidase in Pichia pastoris

In order to improve the production of alcohol oxidase (AOX), a recombinant Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) system was constructed by transformation of the plasmid pPIC9K-AOX into P. pastoris GS115. The effects of different expression conditions on alcohol oxidase activity in the culture supernatant were investigated in the shake flask scale. The results showed that the highest extracellular activity (562 U/L) of alcohol oxidase was obtained after 56 h induction with 4% methanol at OD₆₀₀ 1.0 in the medium containing 50 g/L maltose, which is about 4.2 folds higher than previously reported. High-purity functional recombinant AOX (>90%) was purified from the culture with the Ni-NTA affinity column and Sephadex G-100 chromatographical methods, with a total recovery rate of 68.9%. Further studies showed that the purified rAOX had similar enzymatic characteristics as the native enzyme, except that the thermal stability and resistance to H₂O₂ inhibition of rAOX were significantly greater compared to the previous report. The purified rAOX was well tolerant to various water-miscible organic solvents. This efficient expression and purification process will be promising for large-scale production of rAOX as an important diagnostic enzyme for alcohol detection in many areas.     

Yeast centromere binding protein CBF1, of the helix-loop-helix protein family, is required for chromosome stability and methionine prototrophy

The centromere and its binding proteins constitute the kinetochore structure of metaphase chromosomes, which is crucial for the high accuracy of the chromosome segregation process. Isolation and analysis of the gene encoding a centromere binding protein from the yeast S. cerevisiae, CBF1, are described in this paper. DNA sequence analysis of the CBF1 gene reveals homology with the transforming protein myc and a family of regulatory proteins known as the helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins. Disruption of the CBF1 gene caused a decrease in the growth rate, an increase in the rate of chromosome loss/nondisjunction, and hypersensitivity to the antimitotic drug thiabendazole. Unexpectedly, the cbf1 null mutation concomitantly resulted in a methionine auxotrophic phenotype, which suggests that CBF1, like other HLH proteins in higher eukaryotic cells, participates in the regulation of gene expression.     

大鼠侧脑室慢性注射CRF致抑郁样变化研究

为了探讨CRF在抑郁症发生发展过程中的作用．对正常大鼠侧脑室慢性注射CRF21天并与慢性非预见性应激刺激21天建立的抑郁症模型大鼠进行比较。运用旷场行为实验（open-field）观察大鼠主动性活动能力．用Morris water Maze法．以训练期的逃避潜伏期为指标检测大鼠空间学习记忆能力。采用HPLC—UV法测定血清皮质醇含量,RT—PCR法检测CRF及其受体mRNA的表达。结果显示：慢性应激21天建立的模型大鼠主动性活动和学习记忆能力均明显下降．血清皮质醇含量显著升高,CRF及其受体R1 mRNA的表达增加。大鼠侧脑室慢性注射CRF21天后．其体重增量、主动性活动和学习记忆能力与慢性应激模型大鼠一样均明显降低。这些工作证明了CRF在抑郁症的发生发展过程中发挥了至关重要的作用．慢性应激导致机体CRF分泌持续增加可能是抑郁症发病的主要原因。     

酶法合成中丙氨酸的检测

本文建立了丙氨酸在醋酸缓冲液中形成丙氨酸-铜配离子及其十二烷基磺酸配离子对,使其紫外无吸收的丙氨酸在230nm处于有强紫外吸收,从而对酶法合成中的丙氨酸进行定量分析．该法在0～50mg／L范围内有良好的线性关系,直线方程为A(230)=0.01712·C（n=5）C：mg／L）。相关系数为0．9994,回收率为96．8％～104．0％,且该法不受酶反应液的影响,实验结果证明该检测体系简单、实用、测定结果可靠。