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西藏飞蝗Locusta migratoria tibetnsis Chen暴发成灾的重要原因之一是蝗蝻具有群集迁移危害习性。为阐明西藏飞蝗灾变的行为机制,为西藏飞蝗的监测预警和防治提供科学依据,利用视频跟踪技术测定了自然环境中西藏飞蝗蝗蝻群集迁移的运动速度、方向,建立自推进粒子模型模拟蝗蝻群集迁移行为,分析群集迁移效应。结果表明,①不同自然环境中的西藏飞蝗蝗蝻在群集迁移过程中,群体内个体的运动表现出定向集体运动,群集迁移速度为0.1256 m/s,0.2 m以内的个体蝗蝻方向趋向一致。沙滩、翻耕农田和草地蝗蝻群运动一致性参数均较高,分别为0.8502、0.7870和0.6987。②西藏飞蝗蝗蝻群由分散运动转变为群集迁移存在临界密度,密度较低时群体内个体分散运动,当蝗蝻密度达到12-15头/m2时,蝗蝻群体由分散运动转变为高度一致的群集迁移运动。③蝗蝻群通过群集迁移可以显著增加迁移距离,随机运动蝗蝻1 d扩展只有70-80 m,而群集迁移1 d最大距离可达2.5 km。蝗蝻群集迁移可以提高发现特别是远距离食物等资源的概率,使群体中更多的个体受益。④尽管未发现室外蝗蝻群存在先验个体,但模拟发现在群集迁移群体中,只需要少数先验个体(3%-5%)即可引导整个蝗蝻群运动。 相似文献
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Lu‐Hong Cong Tao Li Hui Wang Yi‐Na Wu Shu‐Peng Wang Yu‐Yue Zhao Guo‐Qiang Zhang Jun Duan 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2020,24(15):8532-8544
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the primary air pollutant that is able to induce airway injury. Compelling evidence has shown the involvement of IL‐17A in lung injury, while its contribution to PM2.5‐induced lung injury remains largely unknown. Here, we probed into the possible role of IL‐17A in mouse models of PM2.5‐induced lung injury. Mice were instilled with PM2.5 to construct a lung injury model. Flow cytometry was carried out to isolate γδT and Th17 cells. ELISA was adopted to detect the expression of inflammatory factors in the supernatant of lavage fluid. Primary bronchial epithelial cells (mBECs) were extracted, and the expression of TGF signalling pathway‐, autophagy‐ and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway‐related proteins in mBECs was detected by immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis. The mitochondrial function was also evaluated. PM2.5 aggravated the inflammatory response through enhancing the secretion of IL‐17A by γδT/Th17 cells. Meanwhile, PM2.5 activated the TGF signalling pathway and induced EMT progression in bronchial epithelial cells, thereby contributing to pulmonary fibrosis. Besides, PM2.5 suppressed autophagy of bronchial epithelial cells by up‐regulating IL‐17A, which in turn activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. Furthermore, IL‐17A impaired the energy metabolism of airway epithelial cells in the PM2.5‐induced models. This study suggested that PM2.5 could inhibit autophagy of bronchial epithelial cells and promote pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis by inducing the secretion of IL‐17A in γδT and Th17 cells and regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. 相似文献
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Zhe Liu Kun Cao Zebin Liao Yuanyuan Chen Xiao Lei Qun Wei Cong Liu Xuejun Sun Yanyong Yang Jianming Cai Fu Gao 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2020,24(7):3917-3930
Radiation protection on male testis is an important task for ionizing radiation-related workers or people who receive radiotherapy for tumours near the testicle. In recent years, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), especially TLR4, have been widely studied as a radiation protection target. In this study, we detected that a low-toxicity TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) produced obvious radiation protection effects on mice testis. We found that MPLA effectively alleviated testis structure damage and cell apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation (IR). However, as the expression abundance differs a lot in distinct cells and tissues, MPLA seemed not to directly activate TLR4 singling pathway in mice testis. Here, we demonstrated a brand new mechanism for MPLA producing radiation protection effects on testis. We observed a significant activation of TLR4 pathway in macrophages after MPLA stimulation and identified significant changes in macrophage-derived exosomes protein expression. We proved that after MPLA treatment, macrophage-derived exosomes played an important role in testis radiation protection, and specially, G-CSF and MIP-2 in exosomes are the core molecules in this protection effect. 相似文献
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Organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) are the basic elements of organic circuits towards flexible, printable, and wearable electronics. Low‐energy‐consumption OFETs with high mobility are the prerequisite for practical applications. After 30 years of development, OFETs have progressed rapidly, from field‐effect materials to devices, and from individual device to small‐ and medium‐scale integration. Here, a brief retrospective of OFETs' development over the past decades, and the emerging opportunities and challenges from device physics, multifunctional materials to integrated application are presented. 相似文献