干旱对不同花椒种植模式下土壤微生物和线虫群落的影响

随着全球气候变暖, 我国岷江上游干旱区面积呈现增加的趋势。花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)是岷江上游重要的经济树种之一, 对当地经济和社会发展起着重要作用, 提高花椒生态系统应对干旱干扰已成为迫切的问题。本研究设置了花椒单作、花椒-苜蓿(Medicago sativa)间作和花椒-大豆(Glycine max)间作3种种植模式, 在2015年8月对每种种植模式模拟干旱30 d, 每种种植模式包括干旱和对照处理, 在模拟干旱结束后、恢复15 d、30 d和45 d后分别采集土壤样品, 分析土壤化学性质、土壤微生物和线虫群落, 以探究花椒林下豆科植物能否缓和干旱的遗留效应对土壤化学性质和土壤生物的影响。重复测量方差分析表明: 在花椒单作模式下, 干旱恢复45 d后土壤硝态氮含量显著高于对照, 微生物量和真菌/细菌比与对照无显著差异, 线虫密度与对照无显著差异, 但线虫功能团没有恢复到对照水平; 在花椒-苜蓿间作模式下, 干旱恢复45 d后土壤含水量、铵态氮、硝态氮、溶解性有机碳、溶解性有机氮、微生物量、真菌/细菌比、线虫密度和线虫功能团组成与对照无显著差异, 但植食性线虫属Boleodorus相对多度显著高于对照; 在花椒-大豆间作模式下, 干旱恢复45 d后土壤含水量、铵态氮、硝态氮、溶解性有机碳、溶解性有机氮、微生物量和真菌/细菌比与对照无显著差异, 但线虫密度和功能团组成与对照有显著差异。在3种花椒种植模式中, 花椒-苜蓿间作模式下干旱的遗留效应对土壤养分和生物的影响最小。因此, 在干旱背景下, 花椒林下间作豆科植物可以加快土壤养分、土壤微生物和线虫群落的恢复, 进而有利于目标作物生长。     

Advantages and Challenges of A Village Doctor-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Late-Life Depression in Rural China: A Qualitative Study

Background

The delivery of mental health services in rural China has been notably limited due to lack of qualified mental health professionals among other impeding factors. A village doctor-based cognitive behavioral therapy intervention may be one way of improving accessibility. The purpose of this study was to explore the advantages and challenges of implementing this intervention, as delivered by trained village doctors, to treat late-life depression in rural China.

Methods

We conducted one focus group discussion with 10 village doctors, 10 individual interviews with each of the village doctors, and individual interviews with 19 older adults. The topic guides were advantages and challenges of the intervention program from the perspective of the village doctors and older adults. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded using NVivo 8, and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

The village doctors stressed the importance of role-playing and using instructive manuals in the training. Proper supervision was also a key component of the program. The benefits received from the intervention for the village doctors and the elders were positive such that both the doctors and the older adults were willing to implement/receive this intervention. Cultural and political factors (renqing and perceived policy consideration) facilitated the elders’ access to mental health services. Challenges included a lack of real therapy (in contrast to role-playing) demonstrated in the training and lack of a step-by-step manual based on different types of problems encountered. Other impediments to the successful implementation of the intervention included the time constraints of village doctors and the presence of other people when conducting the intervention.

Conclusions

The present study has demonstrated that the intervention program is likely to be an acceptable geriatric depression intervention in rural China if several challenges are appropriately addressed.     

p62 links the autophagy pathway and the ubiqutin–proteasome system upon ubiquitinated protein degradation

The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are two distinct and interacting proteolytic systems. They play critical roles in cell survival under normal conditions and during stress. An increasing body of evidence indicates that ubiquitinated cargoes are important markers of degradation. p62, a classical receptor of autophagy, is a multifunctional protein located throughout the cell and involved in many signal transduction pathways, including the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway. It is involved in the proteasomal degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. When the cellular p62 level is manipulated, the quantity and location pattern of ubiquitinated proteins change with a considerable impact on cell survival. Altered p62 levels can even lead to some diseases. The proteotoxic stress imposed by proteasome inhibition can activate autophagy through p62 phosphorylation. A deficiency in autophagy may compromise the ubiquitin–proteasome system, since overabundant p62 delays delivery of the proteasomal substrate to the proteasome despite proteasomal catalytic activity being unchanged. In addition, p62 and the proteasome can modulate the activity of HDAC6 deacetylase, thus influencing the autophagic degradation.     

Identifying optimal groundwater remediation strategies through a simulation-based PROMETHEE-TOPSIS approach: An application to a naphthalene-contaminated site

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to develop a simulation-aided PROMETHEE-TOPSIS approach for the selection of the most desirable groundwater remediation strategies. The combination methods enables a careful evaluation of the identified remediation alternatives in which their strong and weak points can be detected and a ranking is provided which facilitates the final selection for the decision-maker. The capabilities and effectiveness of the developed method are illustrated through a case study on the remedial alternative selection for a naphthalene contaminated site in Anhui, China. Four attributes (i.e., total pumping rate, total cost, mean residual contaminant concentration and maximum excess life time cancer risk) for fifty remedial alternatives in each duration are considered and analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weight of attributes importance. The results demonstrates that the developed method could help decision makers obtain the useful ranking information strategies that covering a variety of decision-relevant remediation options, which is beneficial for public health and environmental protection.     

SCD1 promotes lipid mobilization in subcutaneous white adipose tissue

Beiging of white adipose tissue (WAT) has beneficial effects on metabolism. Although it is known that beige adipocytes are active in lipid catabolism and thermogenesis, how they are regulated deserves more explorations. In this study, we demonstrate that stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) responded to cold stimulation and was able to promote mobilization of triacylglycerol [TAG (triglyceride)]. In vitro studies showed that SCD1 promoted lipolysis in C3H10T1/2 white adipocytes. The lipolytic effect was contributed by one of SCD1’s products, oleic acid (OA). OA upregulated adipose TAG lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression. When SCD1 was overexpressed in the scWAT of mice, lipolysis was enhanced, and oxygen consumption and heat generation were increased. These effects were also demonstrated by the SCD1 knockdown experiments in mice. In conclusion, our study suggests that SCD1, known as an enzyme for lipid synthesis, plays a role in upregulating lipid mobilization through its desaturation product, OA.     

基于质谱技术筛选差异表达蛋白的统计学策略研究进展

随着质谱技术的快速发展,蛋白质组学已成为继基因组学、转录组学之后的又一研究热点,寻找可靠的差异表达蛋白对于生物标记物的发现至关重要.因此,如何准确、灵敏地筛选出差异蛋白已成为基于质谱的定量蛋白质组学的主要研究内容之一.目前,针对该问题的研究方法众多,但这些方法策略的适用范围不尽相同.总体来说,基于质谱技术筛选差异蛋白的统计学策略可以分为3类:基于经典统计学派的策略、基于贝叶斯学派的统计检验策略和其他策略,这3类方法有各自的应用范围、特点及不足.此外,筛选过程还将产生部分假阳性结果,可以采用其他方法对差异表达蛋白的质量进行控制,以提高统计检验结果的可靠性.     

FastUniq: A Fast De Novo Duplicates Removal Tool for Paired Short Reads

The presence of duplicates introduced by PCR amplification is a major issue in paired short reads from next-generation sequencing platforms. These duplicates might have a serious impact on research applications, such as scaffolding in whole-genome sequencing and discovering large-scale genome variations, and are usually removed. We present FastUniq as a fast de novo tool for removal of duplicates in paired short reads. FastUniq identifies duplicates by comparing sequences between read pairs and does not require complete genome sequences as prerequisites. FastUniq is capable of simultaneously handling reads with different lengths and results in highly efficient running time, which increases linearly at an average speed of 87 million reads per 10 minutes. FastUniq is freely available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/fastuniq/.     

急性心肌梗死患者冠脉介入治疗后血浆apelin的变化及作用

目的:观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者围手术期血浆apelin的表达变化,分析AMI合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血浆apelin的表达与预后的相关性,探讨apelin在冠脉介入治疗(PCI)中的心脏保护作用。方法:72例于2012年2月~8月在我院心内科接受冠状动脉造影确诊为AMI并成功完成PCI的冠心病患者,分别在术前、术后0小时、术后4小时、术后24小时收集血清,酶联免疫吸附法测定血浆apelin-13水平;进一步对糖尿病及非糖尿病AMI患者(每组各20例)进行亚组分析,随访两组患者在术后6个月时主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)。结果:AMI患者术后0 h组apelin水平与术前基线水平明显降低(31.54±5.48 vs35.15±6.48 ng/L,P0.05);术后4小时及24小时组apelin水平较术前明显升高(39.65±5.48 vs 35.15±6.48 ng/L,43.93±5.37 vs35.15±6.48 ng/L,P0.05)。糖尿病与非糖尿病组apelin水平术前无明显差异;糖尿病组在术后各时间点的apelin水平均明显高于非糖尿病组(31.12±5.50 vs 29.21±6.53 ng/L,40.57±5.37 vs 33.49±3.89 ng/L,43.50±7.41 vs 34.54±3.52 ng/L,P0.05)。两组术后6个月随访T2DM组LVEF值改善明显高于NT2DM组,但MACCE事件无明显差异。结论:AMI患者PCI术后存在血浆apelin表达的升高,其中糖尿病患者在术后血浆apelin表达较非糖尿病患者明显增高,提示PCI冠脉血运重建可促进糖尿病患者apelin分泌,调节胰岛素抵抗改善预后。