全文获取类型
收费全文 | 29278篇 |
免费 | 2850篇 |
国内免费 | 3431篇 |
专业分类
35559篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 89篇 |
2023年 | 408篇 |
2022年 | 860篇 |
2021年 | 1376篇 |
2020年 | 1039篇 |
2019年 | 1247篇 |
2018年 | 1251篇 |
2017年 | 919篇 |
2016年 | 1209篇 |
2015年 | 1823篇 |
2014年 | 2219篇 |
2013年 | 2364篇 |
2012年 | 2815篇 |
2011年 | 2554篇 |
2010年 | 1731篇 |
2009年 | 1576篇 |
2008年 | 1762篇 |
2007年 | 1640篇 |
2006年 | 1343篇 |
2005年 | 1156篇 |
2004年 | 1061篇 |
2003年 | 958篇 |
2002年 | 901篇 |
2001年 | 523篇 |
2000年 | 475篇 |
1999年 | 431篇 |
1998年 | 303篇 |
1997年 | 242篇 |
1996年 | 218篇 |
1995年 | 144篇 |
1994年 | 176篇 |
1993年 | 95篇 |
1992年 | 112篇 |
1991年 | 97篇 |
1990年 | 87篇 |
1989年 | 62篇 |
1988年 | 48篇 |
1987年 | 36篇 |
1986年 | 35篇 |
1985年 | 34篇 |
1984年 | 22篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 25篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
1965年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
11.
Hailong Jin Congran Li Ding Li Ming Cai Zhouli Li Shuang Wang Xin Hong Bingyi Shi 《Cell biochemistry and biophysics》2013,67(3):1067-1074
Immunotoxins with selective cytotoxicity are frequently used as therapeutic immunosuppressive agents in solid-organ transplantation because of their efficiency and high specificity. In this study, we present a new recombinant immunotoxin termed anti-CTLA-4-scFv–melittin prepared from Escherichia coli aimed at clearing activated T cells at the same time avoiding all-round decline in systematic immunity. This fusion protein is composed of anti-CTLA-4-scFv unit and melittin analog unit with properties of low immunogenicity and selective cytotoxicity to CTLA-4-positive T cells. In preliminary biological activity assays, our results confirmed the feasibility of activated T cell clearance strategy and there were significant differences in cell survival rates between CTLA-4-positive group and control group at all experimental concentrations of the immunotoxin. The selective cytotoxicity, low immunogenicity, and low production cost make it an attractive alternate to traditional immunosuppressants. 相似文献
12.
Sam Mavandadi Steve Feng Frank Yu Stoyan Dimitrov Karin Nielsen-Saines William R. Prescott Aydogan Ozcan 《PloS one》2012,7(10)
We propose a methodology for digitally fusing diagnostic decisions made by multiple medical experts in order to improve accuracy of diagnosis. Toward this goal, we report an experimental study involving nine experts, where each one was given more than 8,000 digital microscopic images of individual human red blood cells and asked to identify malaria infected cells. The results of this experiment reveal that even highly trained medical experts are not always self-consistent in their diagnostic decisions and that there exists a fair level of disagreement among experts, even for binary decisions (i.e., infected vs. uninfected). To tackle this general medical diagnosis problem, we propose a probabilistic algorithm to fuse the decisions made by trained medical experts to robustly achieve higher levels of accuracy when compared to individual experts making such decisions. By modelling the decisions of experts as a three component mixture model and solving for the underlying parameters using the Expectation Maximisation algorithm, we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach which significantly improves the overall diagnostic accuracy of malaria infected cells. Additionally, we present a mathematical framework for performing ‘slide-level’ diagnosis by using individual ‘cell-level’ diagnosis data, shedding more light on the statistical rules that should govern the routine practice in examination of e.g., thin blood smear samples. This framework could be generalized for various other tele-pathology needs, and can be used by trained experts within an efficient tele-medicine platform. 相似文献
13.
In these studies we describe the production of three mAb raised to an idiotype on an IgG anticasein antibody isolated from the serum of one IgA-deficient blood donor. These are IgM kappa and block the binding of casein Ag to anticasein antibody. Sera of unrelated IgA-deficient donors were tested for the presence of the idiotype; 15 of 56 IgA-deficient sera (25%) contain the anticasein idiotype, whereas 1 of 45 normal sera was positive. Anticasein antibodies as a whole were predominantly of the IgG1 and IgG3 subclass; idiotype-positive anticaseins are predominantly of the IgG1 subclass. For IgA-deficient donors, the relative amount of idiotype-positive anticasein antibody was correlated with the level of anticasein present in the serum. Studies were done to investigate the potential inheritance of the idiotype in families; in three of four families the idiotype was inherited in an apparent autosomal dominant pattern. Our data show that a common cross-reactive idiotype can be detected in the sera of IgA-deficient individuals and their family members. This suggests that V region markers may be conserved in this humoral immunodeficiency disease. 相似文献
14.
Metabolic pathway analysis, one of the most important fields in biochemistry, is pivotal to understanding the maintenance and modulation of the functions of an organism. Good comprehension of metabolic pathways is critical to understanding the mechanisms of some fundamental biological processes. Given a small molecule or an enzyme, how may one identify the metabolic pathways in which it may participate? Answering such a question is a first important step in understanding a metabolic pathway system. By utilizing the information provided by chemical-chemical interactions, chemical-protein interactions, and protein-protein interactions, a novel method was proposed by which to allocate small molecules and enzymes to 11 major classes of metabolic pathways. A benchmark dataset consisting of 3,348 small molecules and 654 enzymes of yeast was constructed to test the method. It was observed that the first order prediction accuracy evaluated by the jackknife test was 79.56% in identifying the small molecules and enzymes in a benchmark dataset. Our method may become a useful vehicle in predicting the metabolic pathways of small molecules and enzymes, providing a basis for some further analysis of the pathway systems. 相似文献
15.
16.
After observing specimens of Calligonum pumilum Losinsk. and C. juochiangense Y. X. Liou in both the field and in herbarium collections, it was found that the morphological characters of these two species are quite different, especially with respect of the twisted direction of fruit ribs, number of bristle rows along each rib, rigidity and degree of interweaving of bristles, as well as their geographic distribution. Therefore, it is concluded that C. pumilum and C. juochiangense should be accepted as two independent species. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
Xin Deng Guoli Zhang Ling Zhang Yan Feng Zehong Li GuangMou Wu Yuhuan Yue Gensong Li Yu Cao Ping Zhu 《PloS one》2015,10(11)
Non-viral gene delivery system with many advantages has a great potential for the future of gene therapy. One inherent obstacle of such approach is the uptake by endocytosis into vesicular compartments. Receptor-mediated gene delivery method holds promise to overcome this obstacle. In this study, we developed a receptor-mediated gene delivery system based on a combination of the Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE), which has a receptor binding and membrane translocation domain, and the hyperthermophilic archaeal histone (HPhA), which has the DNA binding ability. First, we constructed and expressed the rPE-HPhA fusion protein. We then examined the cytotoxicity and the DNA binding ability of rPE-HPhA. We further assessed the efficiency of transfection of the pEGF-C1 plasmid DNA to CHO cells by the rPE-HPhA system, in comparison to the cationic liposome method. The results showed that the transfection efficiency of rPE-HPhA was higher than that of cationic liposomes. In addition, the rPE-HPhA gene delivery system is non-specific to DNA sequence, topology or targeted cell type. Thus, the rPE-HPhA system can be used for delivering genes of interest into mammalian cells and has great potential to be applied for gene therapy. 相似文献
20.
Mutations in the conserved C-terminal sequence in thyroid hormone receptor dissociate hormone-dependent activation from interference with AP-1 activity. 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文