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51.
Milos Lazic Maria Eugenia Inzaugarat Davide Povero Iris C. Zhao Mark Chen Madlena Nalbandian Yury I. Miller Alejandra C. Cher?avsky Ariel E. Feldstein Dorothy D. Sears 《PloS one》2014,9(9)
Obesity is associated with metabolic perturbations including liver and adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Omega-6 fatty acids (ω6) promote and omega-3 fatty acids (ω3) reduce inflammation as they can be metabolized to pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, respectively. 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO) enzymatically produces some of these metabolites and is induced by high fat (HF) diet. We investigated the effects of altering dietary ω6/ω3 ratio and 12/15-LO deficiency on HF diet-induced tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. We examined how these conditions affect circulating concentrations of oxidized metabolites of ω6 arachidonic and linoleic acids and innate and adaptive immune system activity in the liver. For 15 weeks, wild-type (WT) mice were fed either a soybean oil-enriched HF diet with high dietary ω6/ω3 ratio (11∶1, HFH), similar to Western-style diet, or a fat Kcal-matched, fish oil-enriched HF diet with a low dietary ω6/ω3 ratio of 2.7∶1 (HFL). Importantly, the total saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat content was matched in the two HF diets, which is unlike most published fish oil studies in mice. Despite modestly increased food intake, WT mice fed HFL were protected from HFH-diet induced steatohepatitis, evidenced by decreased hepatic mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes and genes involved in lymphocyte homing, and reduced deposition of hepatic triglyceride. Furthermore, oxidized metabolites of ω6 arachidonic acid were decreased in the plasma of WT HFL compared to WT HFH-fed mice. 12/15-LO knockout (KO) mice were also protected from HFH-induced fatty liver and elevated mRNA markers of inflammation and lymphocyte homing. 12/15-LOKO mice were protected from HFH-induced insulin resistance but reducing dietary ω6/ω3 ratio in WT mice did not ameliorate insulin resistance or adipose tissue inflammation. In conclusion, lowering dietary ω6/ω3 ratio in HF diet significantly reduces steatohepatitis. 相似文献
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53.
Aneesh P Panoli Maruthachalam Ravi Jose Sebastian Bindu Nishal Thamalampudi V Reddy Mohan PA Marimuthu Veeraputhiran Subbiah Virupapuram Vijaybhaskar Imran Siddiqi 《BMC molecular biology》2006,7(1):24-12
Background
Pairing of homologous chromosomes at meiosis is an important requirement for recombination and balanced chromosome segregation among the products of meiotic division. Recombination is initiated by double strand breaks (DSBs) made by Spo11 followed by interaction of DSB sites with a homologous chromosome. This interaction requires the strand exchange proteins Rad51 and Dmc1 that bind to single stranded regions created by resection of ends at the site of DSBs and promote interactions with uncut DNA on the homologous partner. Recombination is also considered to be dependent on factors that stabilize interactions between homologous chromosomes. In budding yeast Hop2 and Mnd1 act as a complex to promote homologous pairing and recombination in conjunction with Rad51 and Dmc1. 相似文献54.
55.
Li Y Zhang R Chen H Zhang J Suzuki R Ohdaira T Feldstein MM Jean YC 《Biomacromolecules》2003,4(6):1856-1864
Effect of hydrogen bonding on the depth profile of the free-volume in a mixture (weight ratio of 65:35) of poly(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and the copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PVP-PEGDA) and monomethacrylate (PVP-PEGMMA) was studied using positron annihilation spectroscopy. Doppler broadening energy spectra of annihilation radiation and positron annihilation lifetime were measured as a function of positron incident energy (0-30 keV). Significant variations of the free-volume depth profile in terms of the S parameter, ortho-positronium lifetime, intensity, and lifetime distribution are observed as a result of the hydrogen-bonding replacement of covalent bonds. The polymer mixture with hydrogen bonding through two sides of PEG short chains has a larger free volume and a wider distribution than the comb-structured PVP-PEGMMA and the network structured PVP-PEGDA. A longer ortho-positronium lifetime is observed near the surface than in the bulk. This is interpreted in terms of surface effect, free volume, and hydrogen bonding for drug delivery applications of polymeric materials. 相似文献
56.
Rowe-Taitt CA Golden JP Feldstein MJ Cras JJ Hoffman KE Ligler FS 《Biosensors & bioelectronics》2000,14(10-11):785-794
A fluorescence-based biosensor has been developed for simultaneous analysis of multiple samples for multiple biohazardous agents. A patterned array of antibodies immobilized on the surface of a planar waveguide is used to capture antigen present in samples; bound analyte is then quantified by means of fluorescent tracer antibodies. Upon excitation of the fluorophore by a small diode laser, a CCD camera detects the pattern of fluorescent antibody:antigen complexes on the waveguide surface. Image analysis software correlates the position of fluorescent signals with the identity of the analyte. This array biosensor has been used to detect toxins, toxoids, and killed or non-pathogenic (vaccine) strains of pathogenic bacteria. Limits of detection in the mid-ng/ml range (toxins and toxoids) and in the 10(3)-10(6) cfu/ml range (bacterial analytes) were achieved with a facile 14-min off-line assay. In addition, a fluidics and imaging system has been developed which allows automated detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in the low ng/ml range. 相似文献
57.
Belinky F Szitenberg A Goldfarb I Feldstein T Wörheide G Ilan M Huchon D 《Molecular phylogenetics and evolution》2012,63(3):702-713
Phylogenetic relationships within sponge classes are highly debated. The low phylogenetic signal observed with some current molecular data can be attributed to the use of few markers, usually slowly-evolving, such as the nuclear rDNA genes and the mitochondrial COI gene. In this study, we conducted a bioinformatics search for a new molecular marker. We sought a marker that (1) is likely to have no paralogs; (2) evolves under a fast evolutionary rate; (3) is part of a continuous exonic region; and (4) is flanked by conserved regions. Our search suggested the nuclear ALG11 as a potential suitable marker. We next demonstrated that this marker can indeed be used for solving phylogenetic relationships within sponges. Specifically, we successfully amplified the ALG11 gene from DNA samples of representatives from all four sponge classes as well as from several cnidarian classes. We also amplified the 18S rDNA and the COI gene for these species. Finally, we analyzed the phylogenetic performance of ALG11 to solve sponge relationships compared to and in combination with the nuclear 18S rDNA and the COI mtDNA genes. Interestingly, the ALG11 marker seems to be superior to the widely-used COI marker. Our work thus indicates that the ALG11 marker is a relevant marker which can complement and corroborate the phylogenetic inferences observed with nuclear ribosomal genes. This marker is also expected to contribute to resolving evolutionary relationships of other apparently slow-evolving animal phyla, such as cnidarians. 相似文献
58.
Carbonic anhydrase purified from the saliva of the rat had kinetic properties identical with those of carbonic anhydrase II from rat red cells, but its molecular properties were distinctly different from the type II isozyme. Kinetic parameters were measured under steady state conditions by stopped-flow spectrophotometry and under equilibrium conditions by an 18O exchange method. The turnover number kcat for hydration of CO2 was 6.5 X 10(4) s-1 and the Michaelis constant was 4.2 mM at pH 7.5 and 25 degrees C, values which are equal to the steady state constants for red cell carbonic anhydrase II from the rat. Inhibition of the salivary isozyme by sulfanilamide (Ki = 3.7 microM) was nearly as efficient as inhibition of the erythrocyte isozyme II (Ki = 1.1 microM). The molecular weight for the salivary isozyme was 46,000 and the isoelectric point was 5.5. Salivary carbonic anhydrase had high mannose oligosaccharide components as measured by concanavalin A binding. The amino acid composition for the salivary isozyme was not similar to rat type II, but it was similar to that reported for membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase from bovine lung (Whitney, P.L., and Briggle, T.V. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12056-12059). These observations suggest to us that salivary carbonic anhydrase is a secretory product. 相似文献
59.
60.
Overbeek MJ Boonstra A Voskuyl AE Vonk MC Vonk-Noordegraaf A van Berkel MP Mooi WJ Dijkmans BA Hondema LS Smit EF Grünberg K 《Arthritis research & therapy》2011,13(2):R61-13