全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1499篇 |
免费 | 167篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 20篇 |
2019年 | 14篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 14篇 |
2016年 | 44篇 |
2015年 | 43篇 |
2014年 | 42篇 |
2013年 | 41篇 |
2012年 | 64篇 |
2011年 | 47篇 |
2010年 | 45篇 |
2009年 | 33篇 |
2008年 | 54篇 |
2007年 | 54篇 |
2006年 | 41篇 |
2005年 | 41篇 |
2004年 | 44篇 |
2003年 | 41篇 |
2002年 | 50篇 |
2001年 | 55篇 |
2000年 | 47篇 |
1999年 | 32篇 |
1998年 | 22篇 |
1997年 | 24篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 30篇 |
1990年 | 29篇 |
1989年 | 24篇 |
1988年 | 26篇 |
1987年 | 27篇 |
1986年 | 30篇 |
1985年 | 28篇 |
1984年 | 37篇 |
1983年 | 32篇 |
1982年 | 31篇 |
1981年 | 27篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 22篇 |
1978年 | 27篇 |
1977年 | 26篇 |
1976年 | 22篇 |
1975年 | 29篇 |
1974年 | 30篇 |
1973年 | 21篇 |
1972年 | 28篇 |
1970年 | 21篇 |
1969年 | 18篇 |
1968年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有1667条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
951.
Ozbek O Millet E Anikster Y Arslan O Feldman M 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,115(1):19-26
Genetic structure of natural populations of wild crop relatives has been the subject of many studies. Yet, most of them focused
on the assessment of spatial genetic diversity, while information on long-term variation, affected by yearly changes, has
been considered only in few cases. The present study aimed therefore, to estimate the spatio-temporal genetic variation in
populations of wild emmer wheat, the progenitor of domesticated wheat, and to assess the contribution of spatial versus temporal
factors to the maintenance of genetic variation in a population. Single spikes were collected in the years 1988 and 2002 from
plants that grew in the same sampling points, from six different habitats in the Ammiad conservation site, Eastern Galilee,
Israel. Seeds were planted in a nursery and DNA was extracted from each plant and analyzed by the AFLP method. Fourteen primer
combinations yielded 1,545 bands of which 50.0 and 48.8% were polymorphic in the years 1988 and 2002, respectively. Genetic
diversity was much larger within populations than between populations and the temporal genetic diversity was considerably
smaller than the spatial one. Nevertheless, population genetic structure may vary to some degree in different years, mainly
due to fluctuations in population size because of yearly rainfall variations. This may lead to predominance of different genotypes
in different years. Clustering the plants by their genetic distances grouped them according to their habitats, indicating
the existence of genotype-environment affinities. The significance of the results in relation to factors affecting the maintenance
of polymorphism in natural populations is discussed.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
952.
Bannerman P Horiuchi M Feldman D Hahn A Itoh A See J Jia ZP Itoh T Pleasure D 《Journal of neurochemistry》2007,102(4):1064-1070
We adopted a genetic approach to test the importance of edited GluR2-free, Ca(2+)-permeable, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptors in the pathophysiology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an inflammatory demyelinative disorder resembling multiple sclerosis. Initial studies showed that oligodendroglial lineage cells from mice lacking functional copies of the gene encoding the GluR3 AMPA receptor subunit (Gria3) had a diminished capacity to assemble edited GluR2-free AMPA receptors, and were resistant to excitotoxicity in vitro. Neurological deficits and spinal cord demyelination elicited by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide were substantially milder in these Gria3 mutant mice than in their wild-type littermates. These results support the hypothesis that oligodendroglial excitotoxicity mediated by AMPA receptors that do not contain edited GluR2 subunits contributes to demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and suggest that inhibiting these Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors would be therapeutic in multiple sclerosis. 相似文献
953.
954.
955.
P. Reina G.R. Cointry L. Nocciolino S. Feldman J.L. Ferretti J. Rittweger R.F. Capozza 《Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions》2015,15(1):10-22
To compare the independent influence of mechanical and non-mechanical factors on bone features, multiple regression analyses were performed between pQCT indicators of radius and tibia bone mass, mineralization, design and strength as determined variables, and age or time since menopause (TMP), body mass, bone length and regional muscles’ areas as selected determinant factors, in Caucasian, physically active, untrained healthy men and pre- and post-menopausal women. In men and pre-menopausal women, the strongest influences were exerted by muscle area on radial features and by both muscle area and bone length on the tibia. Only for women, was body mass a significant factor for tibia traits. In men and pre-menopausal women, mass/design/strength indicators depended more strongly on the selected determinants than the cortical vBMD did (p<0.01-0.001 vs n.s.), regardless of age. However, TMP was an additional factor for both bones (p<0.01-0.001). The selected mechanical factors (muscle size, bone lengths) were more relevant than age/TMP or body weight to the development of allometrically-related bone properties (mass/design/strength), yet not to bone tissue “quality” (cortical vBMD), suggesting a determinant, rather than determined role for cortical stiffness. While the mechanical impacts of muscles and bone levers on bone structure were comparable in men and pre-menopausal women, TMP exerted a stronger impact than allometric or mechanical factors on bone properties, including cortical vBMD. 相似文献
956.
Late bloomers and baby boomers: ecological drivers of longevity in squamates and the tuatara 下载免费PDF全文
957.
James E. Korkola Sandy Heck Adam B. Olshen Darren R. Feldman Victor E. Reuter Jane Houldsworth George J. Bosl R. S. K. Chaganti 《PloS one》2015,10(12)
Germ Cell Tumors (GCT) have a high cure rate, but we currently lack the ability to accurately identify the small subset of patients who will die from their disease. We used a combined genomic and expression profiling approach to identify genomic regions and underlying genes that are predictive of outcome in GCT patients. We performed array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on 53 non-seminomatous GCTs (NSGCTs) treated with cisplatin based chemotherapy and defined altered genomic regions using Circular Binary Segmentation. We identified 14 regions associated with two year disease-free survival (2yDFS) and 16 regions associated with five year disease-specific survival (5yDSS). From corresponding expression data, we identified 101 probe sets that showed significant changes in expression. We built several models based on these differentially expressed genes, then tested them in an independent validation set of 54 NSGCTs. These predictive models correctly classified outcome in 64–79.6% of patients in the validation set, depending on the endpoint utilized. Survival analysis demonstrated a significant separation of patients with good versus poor predicted outcome when using a combined gene set model. Multivariate analysis using clinical risk classification with the combined gene model indicated that they were independent prognostic markers. This novel set of predictive genes from altered genomic regions is almost entirely independent of our previously identified set of predictive genes for patients with NSGCTs. These genes may aid in the identification of the small subset of patients who are at high risk of poor outcome. 相似文献
958.
Maria Laura Avila Leigh C. Ward Brian M. Feldman Madeline I. Montoya Jennifer Stinson Alex Kiss Leonardo R. Brand?o 《PloS one》2015,10(4)
Introduction
Localized limb edema is a clinically relevant sign in diseases such as post-thrombotic syndrome and lymphedema. Quantitative evaluation of localized edema in children is mainly done by measuring the absolute difference in limb circumference, which includes fat and fat-free mass. Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) provides information on the fluid volume of a body segment. Our objective was to determine normal ranges for segmental (arm and leg) BIS measurements in healthy children. Additionally, we determined the normal ranges for the difference in arm and ankle circumference and explored the influence of handedness and the correlation between techniques.Methods
Healthy children aged 1-18 years were recruited. The ratio of extracellular fluid content between contralateral limbs (estimated as the inter-arm and inter-leg extracellular impedance ratio), and the ratio of extracellular to intracellular fluid content for each limb (estimated as the intracellular to extracellular impedance ratio) were determined with a bioimpedance spectrometer. Arm and ankle circumference was determined with a Gulick II tape.Results
We recruited 223 healthy children (48 infants, 54 preschoolers, 66 school-aged children, and 55 teenagers). Normal values for arm and leg BIS measurements, and for the difference in arm and ankle circumference were estimated for each age category. No influence of handedness was found. We found a statistically significant correlation between extracellular impedance ratio and circumference difference for arms among teenagers.Conclusion
We determined normal BIS ranges for arms and legs and for the difference in circumference between arms and between ankles in children. There was no statistically significant correlation between extracellular impedance ratio and difference in circumference, except in the case of arms in adolescents. This may indicate that limb circumference measures quantities other than fluid, challenging the adequacy of this technique to determine the presence of localized edema in most age groups. 相似文献959.
Diana Vasquez-Cardenas Jack van de Vossenberg Lubos Polerecky Sairah Y Malkin Regina Schauer Silvia Hidalgo-Martinez Veronique Confurius Jack J Middelburg Filip JR Meysman Henricus TS Boschker 《The ISME journal》2015,9(9):1966-1978
Recently, a novel electrogenic type of sulphur oxidation was documented in marine sediments, whereby filamentous cable bacteria (Desulfobulbaceae) are mediating electron transport over cm-scale distances. These cable bacteria are capable of developing an extensive network within days, implying a highly efficient carbon acquisition strategy. Presently, the carbon metabolism of cable bacteria is unknown, and hence we adopted a multidisciplinary approach to study the carbon substrate utilization of both cable bacteria and associated microbial community in sediment incubations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed rapid downward growth of cable bacteria, concomitant with high rates of electrogenic sulphur oxidation, as quantified by microelectrode profiling. We studied heterotrophy and autotrophy by following 13C-propionate and -bicarbonate incorporation into bacterial fatty acids. This biomarker analysis showed that propionate uptake was limited to fatty acid signatures typical for the genus Desulfobulbus. The nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis confirmed heterotrophic rather than autotrophic growth of cable bacteria. Still, high bicarbonate uptake was observed in concert with the development of cable bacteria. Clone libraries of 16S complementary DNA showed numerous sequences associated to chemoautotrophic sulphur-oxidizing Epsilon- and Gammaproteobacteria, whereas 13C-bicarbonate biomarker labelling suggested that these sulphur-oxidizing bacteria were active far below the oxygen penetration. A targeted manipulation experiment demonstrated that chemoautotrophic carbon fixation was tightly linked to the heterotrophic activity of the cable bacteria down to cm depth. Overall, the results suggest that electrogenic sulphur oxidation is performed by a microbial consortium, consisting of chemoorganotrophic cable bacteria and chemolithoautotrophic Epsilon- and Gammaproteobacteria. The metabolic linkage between these two groups is presently unknown and needs further study. 相似文献
960.
Jayanta Gupta Elizabeth A. Dominic Jeffrey C. Fink Akinlolu O. Ojo Ian R. Barrows Muredach P. Reilly Raymond R. Townsend Marshall M. Joffe Sylvia E. Rosas Melanie Wolman Samir S. Patel Martin G. Keane Harold I. Feldman John W. Kusek Dominic S. Raj the CRIC Study Investigators 《PloS one》2015,10(4)