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11.
Y Deng J Zhao D Sakurai KM Kaufman JC Edberg RP Kimberly DL Kamen GS Gilkeson CO Jacob RH Scofield CD Langefeld JA Kelly ME Alarcón-Riquelme BIOLUPUS GENLES Networks JB Harley TJ Vyse BI Freedman PM Gaffney KM Sivils JA James TB Niewold RM Cantor W Chen BH Hahn EE Brown PROFILE BP Tsao 《Arthritis research & therapy》2012,14(Z3):A5
12.
在中国应用垂直波束雷达监测褐飞虱和其他水稻害虫迁飞的可行性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J.R.Riley A.D.Smith D.R.Reynolds 《Entomologia Sinica》2003,10(1):1-19
近年来,可用于昆虫迁飞研究且可自动运行的垂直波束雷达(vertical-looking radar,VLR)的发展使得对迁飞性害虫的周年长期自动监测成为可能。本文提供了我们对能否将这种雷达应用于中国的褐飞虱和其他水稻害虫的监测与预测体系以改善其综合治理的可行性研究结果。以往的研究已经表明,这些害虫一般在300—2000m高度迁飞;而我们根据褐飞虱的雷达和射有效截面的计算结果表明,目前使用的3.2cm波长的VLR对褐飞虱个体目标的最大可检测高度仅约240m;虽然建造一部8.8mm波长的VLR即可覆盖褐飞虱迁飞高度的绝大部分,但其造价和维护费用均过于昂贵。为此,一个更可行的解决方案是,以3.2cm波长的VLR作为包括大多数水稻害虫在内的个体较大的迁飞性害虫的监测工具。 相似文献
13.
14.
Codon bias and plasticity in immunoglobulins 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
Immunoglobulin genes experience Darwinian evolution twice. In addition to
the germline evolution all genes experience, immunoglobulins are subjected,
upon exposure to antigen, to somatic hypermutation. This is accompanied by
selection for high affinity to the eliciting antigen and frequently results
in a significant increase in the specificity of the responding population.
The hypermutation mechanism displays a strong sequence specificity. Thus
arises the opportunity to manipulate codon bias in a site-specific manner
so as to direct hypermutation to those parts of the gene that encode the
antigen-binding portions of the molecule and away from those that encode
the structurally conserved regions. This segregation of mutability would
clearly be advantageous; it would enhance the generation of potentially
useful variants while keeping mutational loss to acceptably low levels. But
it is not clear that the advantage gained would be large enough to produce
a measurable effect within the background stochasticity of the evolutionary
process. I have performed a pair of statistical tests to determine whether
site- specific codon bias in human immunoglobulin genes is correlated with
the sequence specificity of the somatic mutation mechanism. The sequence
specificity of the mutator was determined by analysis of a database of
published immunoglobulin intron sequences that had experienced somatic
mutation but not selection. The site-specific codon bias was determined by
analysis of published sequences of human germline immunoglobulin V genes.
Both tests strongly suggest that evolution has acted to enhance the
plasticity of immunoglobulin genes under somatic hypermutation.
相似文献
15.
Nineteen strains of Drosophila virilis from diverse geographic locations
were examined by genetic and molecular analyses, revealing (a) 12 strains
with a single copy of the urate oxidase (UO) gene per haploid genome and
(b) 7 strains with a tandem duplication of the UO locus. The D. virilis
strains with the UO duplication appear to have identical restriction maps
of this region, implying either a single origin for the duplication or
several similar events occurring at a hot spot. On the basis of the
location of the duplication breakpoints and the restriction sites flanking
these breakpoints, this duplication probably arose through nonhomologous
recombination involving either a breakage and rejoining event or
replication slippage. because documented cases of intraspecific gene
duplication polymorphism are rare, the D. virilis UO duplication will be
useful in identifying the molecular event giving rise to a gene
duplication.
相似文献
16.
JC de Mauroy HR Weiss AG Aulisa L Aulisa JI Brox J Durmala C Fusco TB Grivas J Hermus T Kotwicki G Le Blay A Lebel L Marcotte S Negrini L Neuhaus T Neuhaus P Pizzetti L Revzina B Torres PJM Van Loon E Vasiliadis M Villagrasa M Werkman M Wernicka MS Wong F Zaina 《Scoliosis》2010,5(1):1-15
Abstract
Thoracic hyperkyphosis is a frequent problem and can impact greatly on patient's quality of life during adolescence. This condition can be idiopathic or secondary to Scheuermann disease, a disease disturbing vertebral growth. To date, there is no sound scientific data available on the management of this condition. Some studies discuss the effects of bracing, however no guidelines, protocols or indication's of treatment for this condition were found. The aim of this paper was to develop and verify the consensus on managing thoracic hyperkyphosis patients treated with braces and/or physiotherapy.Methods
The Delphi process was utilised in four steps gradually modified according to the results of a set of recommendations: we involved the SOSORT Board twice, then all SOSORT members twice, with a Pre-Meeting Questionnaire (PMQ), and during a Consensus Session at the SOSORT Lyon Meeting with a Meeting Questionnaire (MQ).Results
There was an unanimous agreement on the general efficacy of bracing and physiotherapy for this condition. Most experts suggested the use of 4-5 point bracing systems, however there was some controversy with regards to physiotherapeutic aims and modalities.Conclusion
The SOSORT panel of experts suggest the use of rigid braces and physiotherapy to correct thoracic hyperkyphosis during adolescence. The evaluation of specific braces and physiotherapy techniques has been recommended. 相似文献17.
18.
J Oloya R Kazwala A Lund J Opuda-Asibo B Demelash E Skjerve TB Johansen B Djønne 《BMC microbiology》2007,7(1):95
Background
Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic problem in pastoral cattle and communities in Uganda. Tuberculin tests in pastoral cattle had shown a high herd but low animal prevalence, with a high proportion of avian reactors. No work had been done to identify the mycobacterial species involved. The objective of the study was to isolate and characterise Mycobacterial species causing tuberculous lesions in slaughtered animals. Lesioned organs compatible with bovine tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle from pastoral areas in Uganda were collected and cultured to isolate mycobacteria. AccuProbe culture identification kits for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, M. avium complex and M. avium were used to identify the isolates. Spoligotyping and Insertion Sequence (IS) 1311 and IS1245 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis (RFLP) were used to further characterise the isolates. 相似文献19.
Anne Marie W. Efsen Anna Schultze Frank A. Post Alexander Panteleev Hansjakob Furrer Robert F. Miller Marcelo H. Losso Javier Toibaro Aliaksandr Skrahin Jose M. Miro Joan A. Caylà Enrico Girardi Mathias Bruyand Niels Obel Daria N. Podlekareva Jens D. Lundgren Amanda Mocroft Ole Kirk TB:HIV study group in EuroCoord 《PloS one》2015,10(12)
Objectives
Rates of TB/HIV coinfection and multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB are increasing in Eastern Europe (EE). We aimed to study clinical characteristics, factors associated with MDR-TB and predicted activity of empiric anti-TB treatment at time of TB diagnosis among TB/HIV coinfected patients in EE, Western Europe (WE) and Latin America (LA).Design and Methods
Between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013, 1413 TB/HIV patients (62 clinics in 19 countries in EE, WE, Southern Europe (SE), and LA) were enrolled.Results
Significant differences were observed between EE (N = 844), WE (N = 152), SE (N = 164), and LA (N = 253) in the proportion of patients with a definite TB diagnosis (47%, 71%, 72% and 40%, p<0.0001), MDR-TB (40%, 5%, 3% and 15%, p<0.0001), and use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) (17%, 40%, 44% and 35%, p<0.0001). Injecting drug use (adjusted OR (aOR) = 2.03 (95% CI 1.00–4.09), prior anti-TB treatment (3.42 (1.88–6.22)), and living in EE (7.19 (3.28–15.78)) were associated with MDR-TB. Among 585 patients with drug susceptibility test (DST) results, the empiric (i.e. without knowledge of the DST results) anti-TB treatment included ≥3 active drugs in 66% of participants in EE compared with 90–96% in other regions (p<0.0001).Conclusions
In EE, TB/HIV patients were less likely to receive a definite TB diagnosis, more likely to house MDR-TB and commonly received empiric anti-TB treatment with reduced activity. Improved management of TB/HIV patients in EE requires better access to TB diagnostics including DSTs, empiric anti-TB therapy directed at both susceptible and MDR-TB, and more widespread use of cART. 相似文献20.
Buddhika TB Wijerathne Robert J Meier Thilini C Agampodi Suneth B Agampodi 《Journal of physiological anthropology》2015,34(1)
Hypertension is a major contributor to the global burden of disease and mortality. A major medical advancement would be a better means to ascertain which persons are at higher risk for becoming hypertensive beforehand. To that end, there have been a number of studies showing that certain dermatoglyphic markers are associated with hypertension. This association could be explained if the risk toward developing hypertension later on in life is somehow connected with fetal development of dermatoglyphics. It would be highly valuable from a clinical standpoint if this conjecture could be substantiated since dermatoglyphic markers could then be used for screening out individuals who might be at an elevated risk of becoming hypertensive. The aim of this review was to search for and appraise available studies that pertain to the association between hypertension and dermatoglyphics.A systematic literature search conducted using articles from MEDLINE (PubMed), Trip, Cochran, Google scholar, and gray literature until December 2014. Of the 37 relevant publications, 17 were included in the review. The review performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement.This review showed a fairly consistent finding of an increased frequency of whorl patterns along with a higher mean total ridge count in digital dermatoglyphic results in hypertensive samples compared to controls. However, it was imperative to discuss several limitations found in the studies that could make this association as yet unsettled. 相似文献