休眠期和营养期包囊游仆虫的纤毛器骨架及其微管蛋白

应用光镜和透射电镜术 ,显示了包囊游仆虫休眠细胞中纤毛器骨架的形态 ,并对该纤毛虫休眠细胞和营养细胞的纤毛器及其α、β -微管蛋白进行了免疫荧光定位的比较研究。由免疫荧光显微术显示 ,包囊游仆虫形成休眠包囊后 ,背部毛基体完整地按原有模式保存下来 ;纤毛杆解聚后微管蛋白多集中在细胞皮层 ,小部分均匀散布在细胞质中。据所得结果认为 ,包囊游仆虫形成包囊后 ,微管蛋白主要有 3个去向 ,即 :①处于自噬泡内被逐步消化 ;②以“微管蛋白库”的形式分布于细胞皮层及细胞质中 ;③保留在残留的基体中。此外 ,以往研究中发现的棘毛基部纤维网络未被标记上 ,提示这些纤维体系可能不属于微管系统     

新生期反复惊厥对认知和海马CaMKⅡ表达的远期影响及干预研究

新生期惊厥活动可造成严重的神经后遗症,如成年期大脑对惊厥的易感和易损性提高,严重者产生认知功能损害.对发育期惊厥性脑损伤远期预后的研究,尤其是分子机制及其干预的研究具有重要的临床意义.探讨了新生期大鼠单次长程或反复惊厥对学习、记忆能力和海马突触后致密物质钙/钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)表达的远期影响及运动训练的干预作用.生后6天(P6)的SD大鼠随机分成单次长程惊厥组(SS)、反复惊厥组(RS)和对照组,每组12只.3组大鼠分别于P27～P31、P58～P61、P80～P82采用Morris水迷宫检测学习、记忆功能.P51～P56对SS组和RS组进行踏转轮训练.最后脑组织切片观察CaMKⅡmRNA在海马的表达.结果显示,第一次Morris水迷宫测试RS组第1天～第4天潜伏期明显高于对照组,具有显著性差异(P＜0.05),第二次水迷宫RS组第1天～第2天的逃避潜伏期较对照组仍显著延长,具有显著性差异(P＜0.05),第三次测试各组之间差异无统计学意义.搜寻策略显示,在第一次Morris测试时RS组第3天～第4天边缘式搜寻比例明显高于对照组,具有显著性差异(P＜0.01),同时RS组第3天～第4天趋向式搜寻比例明显低于对照组,具有显著性差异(P＜0.01),而第二次和第三次水迷宫测试3组间趋向式和直线式搜寻策略无明显差异.在记忆实验中,原平台象限游泳距离与总距离的比值,RS组第三次较对照组显著降低,有统计学意义(P＜0.05);另外RS组1～3天趋向式搜寻比例均明显低于对照组,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).CaMKⅡ原位杂交显示,各组CaMKⅡmRNA在海马均有明显表达,但是在齿状回和门区RS组表达明显低于对照组,具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).研究表明,新生期反复长程惊厥能够对学习和记忆功能产生远期的损害,可能与海马记忆分子CaMKⅡ表达下调有关,而单次长程惊厥对学习记忆无明显影响.早期运动训练能够明显改善反复惊厥所致的学习能力损害,但对记忆能力效果仍较差.     

GenoBaits Soy40K: a highly flexible and low-cost SNP array for soybean studies

<正>Dear Editor,Soybean(Glycine max [L.] Merr.) provides more than half of the oilseeds and more than a quarter of protein worldwide. It is estimated that the production of soybean has to be doubled by 2050 to meet the needs of the rapidly increasing consumption of soybean seeds along with a continuously increasing population(Ray et al., 2013). As such, development of a genotyping platform with high throughput, high efficiency and high precision but low-cost is urgently needed to accelerate...     

内蒙古牧区乳与乳制品中乳酸菌资源及其生态分布

从代表内蒙古牧区不同地域特点和独特生态环境的9个盟市18个牧业旗519户牧民家庭,使用目的采样和层次分类随机采样相结合的方法,共采集鲜乳及乳制品样品752份,分离到947株乳酸菌,并通过形态、染色、培养特性及生化反应等实验对其进行了鉴定,有765株实验菌株分别归于7个属50个种和亚种,其中归于乳杆菌属的有28个种和亚种;归于双歧杆菌属的有2个种;归于肠球菌属的有9个种;归于链球菌属的有1个种;归于乳球菌属的有3个种和亚种;归于明串珠菌属的有6个种和亚种;归于片球菌属的有1个种。研究表明,内蒙古牧区乳及乳制品中乳酸菌的种类多、分布广;有些菌株对温度和pH值等环境条件的适应性强;有些菌株还有较强发酵利用松三糖、蜜二糖、棉子糖等糖的能力。     

哺乳动物营养代谢的时间生物学研究进展

时间生物学主要是研究生物体内生理和行为的时间机制的学科,而这种机制主要是由生物钟调控的。研究表明,营养代谢的各个方面如葡萄糖转运、糖原异生、脂质合成及降解、氧化磷酸化等作用都受到生物钟核心转录机制的调控,并具有时间敏感性;相反,代谢信号也可以反馈调节生物钟系统,包括生物钟基因表达和行为活动。生物钟的紊乱会造成诸如心血管疾病、肥胖、糖尿病等多种疾病。本文从代谢与生物钟的相互关系、各类营养信号和营养素对生物钟的作用以及生物钟与营养代谢相关疾病的关系等多方面综述了哺乳动物营养代谢的时间生物学研究进展。     

大鼠多囊卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡时MDA含量及SOD活性的变化

目的和方法以大鼠多囊卵巢（PCO）为动物模型,观察了PCO大鼠卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡的发生率,并检测了颗粒细胞凋亡时丙二醛（MDA）的含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化。结果①PCO颗粒细胞凋亡发生率明显高于正常（P<0．001）;②PCO颗粒细胞发生凋亡时,细胞内MDA含量增加而SOD活性降低。结论大鼠PCO颗粒细胞的凋亡可能与细胞内MDA含量增加和SOD活性降低有关。     

A mutant hemolysin with lower biological activity produced by a mutant Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Abstract A mutant toxin (m-TDH) of thermostable direct hemolysin (Vp-TDH) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus w was isolated from the culture of a strain of this organism mutagenized with N -methyl- N '-nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine. Although the m-TDH had a molecular structure similar to the native Vp-TDH, the m-TDH retained only about 7% residual hemolytic activity of the native toxin. Furthermore, other biological activities of m-TDH, such as lethality in mice and enterotoxicity in rabbit ileal loops, were also weakened. The m-TDH was immunologically indistinguishable from the native Vp-TDH. These results suggest that the m-TDH is only slightly different in structure from the native Vp-TDH. Also, the mutagenized site in m-TDH, which is not immunogenic, seems to be involved in expressing not only hemolytic activity but also lethal and enterotoxic activity.     

The plant glycosyltransferase clone collection for functional genomics

The glycosyltransferases (GTs) are an important and functionally diverse family of enzymes involved in glycan and glycoside biosynthesis. Plants have evolved large families of GTs which undertake the array of glycosylation reactions that occur during plant development and growth. Based on the Carbohydrate‐Active enZymes (CAZy) database, the genome of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana codes for over 450 GTs, while the rice genome (Oryza sativa) contains over 600 members. Collectively, GTs from these reference plants can be classified into over 40 distinct GT families. Although these enzymes are involved in many important plant specific processes such as cell‐wall and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, few have been functionally characterized. We have sought to develop a plant GTs clone resource that will enable functional genomic approaches to be undertaken by the plant research community. In total, 403 (88%) of CAZy defined Arabidopsis GTs have been cloned, while 96 (15%) of the GTs coded by rice have been cloned. The collection resulted in the update of a number of Arabidopsis GT gene models. The clones represent full‐length coding sequences without termination codons and are Gateway^® compatible. To demonstrate the utility of this JBEI GT Collection, a set of efficient particle bombardment plasmids (pBullet) was also constructed with markers for the endomembrane. The utility of the pBullet collection was demonstrated by localizing all members of the Arabidopsis GT14 family to the Golgi apparatus or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Updates to these resources are available at the JBEI GT Collection website http://www.addgene.org/ .     

角蛋白HGTP及其对羊毛发育的影响

羊毛的主要成分是角蛋白,其组分高甘氨酸-酪氨酸蛋白(HGTP)家族成员KAP6、KAP7和KAP8基因表达对羊毛细度和弯曲等特性具有重要影响。本文从羊毛的组成、角蛋白的生物学特征以及HGTP基因定位和表达对细度的影响等方面进行了综述,旨在为羊毛发育调控研究提供理论参考。