人hsp90β基因近端上游CpG位点甲基化状态的研究

真核细胞基因组ＤＮＡ的甲基化主要发生在ＣｐＧ二核苷酸对的胞嘧啶环上（ｍ５Ｃ）［１,２］．在真核细胞基因组ＤＮＡ内,约７０％的ＣｐＧ位点发生了甲基化．ＣｐＧ位点在基因组ＤＮＡ内并不是均匀分布的,多数聚集在一些基因的５’端．大量的实验证据表明,真核基因５...     

rIL-2工程菌诱导阶段细胞再循环培养的研究

为了减少rIL-2工程菌高密度培养时乙酸的积累,在诱导阶段对该工程菌进行细胞再循环培养的研究,比较了细胞再循环补料液、pH、细胞循环培养时间段对工程菌的生长及rIL-2表达的影响。结果表明在菌密度D_(600)为50时,细胞再循环补料液中酵母抽提物与胰蛋白胨浓度为发酵培养基的5倍就能满足rIL-2表达的需求,同时选择诱导后4～6h之间的细胞再循环培养能有效地防止乙酸的过高积累并减少营养物质的损失,有利于rIL-2的表达。根据以上研究结果得到了rIL-2工程菌诱导阶段细胞再循环培养方法,使得在诱导前菌密度D_(600)为50左右时rIL-2的表达水平约为40％。     

新疆维吾尔族、哈萨克族人群HLA-DQA1、-DQB1两基因座多态性的研究及与25个种族或民族的比较分析

应用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ基因分型技术,首次对我国新疆地区维吾尔族和哈萨克族２个少数民族群体的ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１、－ＤＱＢ１两个基因座的多态性进行了研究。结果显示,在ＤＱＡ１８个等位基因中,维族和哈族均表现为ＤＱＡ１＊０３０１最常见。最少见的ＤＱＡ１等位基因,在维族中为ＤＱＡ１＊０４０１和＊０６０１,而在哈族中为ＤＱＡ１＊０６０１;在ＤＱＢ１１６个等位基因中,ＤＱＢ１＊０２０１和＊０３０１在维族和哈族中均表现为最常见。在维族中未观察到ＤＱＢ１＊０５０２、＊０５０３２和＊０５０４,在哈族中未观察到ＤＱＢ１＊０５０３２、＊０５０４和＊０６０５等位基因。统计分析表明,维族和哈族ＤＱＡ１、ＤＱＢ１各等位基因的分布无显著性差异,说明维、哈族间具有较密切的亲缘关系。在以２７个种族或民族的ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１、－ＤＱＢ１两基因座基因频率构建的分子系统树上,维族和哈族独立于其他群体而聚类,独处一支。维族和哈族接近蒙古人种,而离高加索人种较远。     

Chimeric calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in tobacco: differential regulation by calmodulin isoforms

cDNA clones of chimeric Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) from tobacco (TCCaMK-1 and TCCaMK-2) were isolated and characterized. The polypeptides encoded by TCCaMK-1 and TCCaMK-2 have 15 different amino acid substitutions, yet they both contain a total of 517 amino acids. Northern analysis revealed that CCaMK is expressed in a stage-specific manner during anther development. Messenger RNA was detected when tobacco bud sizes were between 0.5 cm and 1.0 cm. The appearance of mRNA coincided with meiosis and became undetectable at later stages of anther development. The reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification assay using isoform-specific primers showed that both of the CCaMK mRNAs were expressed in anther with similar expression patterns. The CCaMK protein expressed in Escherichia coli showed Ca2+-dependent autophosphorylation and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent substrate phosphorylation. Calmodulin isoforms (PCM1 and PCM6) had differential effects on the regulation of autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation of tobacco CCaMK, but not lily CCaMK. The evolutionary tree of plant serine/threonine protein kinases revealed that calmodulin-dependent kinases form one subgroup that is distinctly different from Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and other serine/threonine kinases in plants.     

氨对脑星状胶质细胞形态结构的影响

本文就氨(氯化铵)对体外培养之星状胶质细胞形态结构的影响进行了初步探讨。结果表明,高氨环境下,胶质细胞首先出现空泡变性,之后胞浆内出现细小的嗜碱性颗粒,细胞之间的间隙随着氨浓度的增大及氨作用时间的延长不断增加,细胞的分支状或星状突起显得粗大、清晰。当氨浓度达10mmol/L、氨作用时间延长至72小时时,可见胶质细胞出现核浓缩及崩解坏死现象。观察结果提示:高氨环境下胶质细胞的损伤与修复同时或相继出现,由此其功能代谢也将发生相应变化,这些变化有可能与中枢神经系统在氨中毒时所出现的种种异常有关,其确切作用有待于今后深入研究。     

Anti-AIDS agents 82: Synthesis of seco-(3′R,4′R)-3′,4′-di-O-(S)-camphanoyl-(+)-cis-khellactone (DCK) derivatives as novel anti-HIV agents

Thirteen novel seco-DCK analogs (4–16) with several new skeletons were designed, synthesized and screened for in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity. Among them, three compounds (5, 13, and 16) showed moderate activity, and compound 9 exhibited the best activity with an EC₅₀ value of 0.058 μM and a therapeutic index (TI) of 1000. The activity of 9 was better than that of 4-methyl DCK (2, EC₅₀: 0.126 μM, TI: 301.2) in the same assay. Additionally, 9 also showed antiviral activity against a multi-RT inhibitor-resistant strain (RTMDR), which is insensitive to most DCK analogs. Compared with 2, compound 9 has a less complex structure, fewer hydrogen-bond acceptors, and a reduced log P value. Therefore, it is likely to exhibit better ADME, and appears to be a promising new lead for further development as an anti-HIV candidate.     

Singing behavior and singing functions of black‐crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) at Mt. Wuliang,central Yunnan,China

We used data on loud duetted and solo songs collected from one habituated polygynous group of black‐crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) on Mt. Wuliang, Yunnan, to test several hypotheses about the functions of these songs. The major functions proposed for loud gibbon songs include resource defense, mate defense, pairbonding, group cohesion and mate attraction. Duet bouts are generally initiated by adult males, who select the highest trees near to ridges or on steep slopes as singing trees. Such trees facilitate voice transmission and inter‐group communication. Singing trees tended to be located near important food patches and sleeping sites, which supports the resource defense hypothesis. The adult male and two adult females always sang interactively, alternating male phrases with the females' stereotyped great calls, to produce the duets, and females rarely produced great calls if they were more than 30 m from the male. The two females usually produced great calls synchronously during the duet, especially when they were close together. These features support both the mate defense and pairbonding hypotheses. The number of great calls and their degree of synchrony transmit information about spatial relationships and possibly pairbond strength to members to neighboring groups and floating animals. During or after the duet bouts, the adult females and juvenile moved toward to the adult male; and group members maintained a close spatial relationship, which supports the group cohesion hypothesis. Other incidents observed suggest a mate competition role for duets. The adult male always sang when the females started duetting with the subadult male. The subadult male sang solo bouts, but they were not more frequent or longer than bouts initiated by the adult male. Although mate attraction is the likely function of subadult solos, it was not convincingly demonstrated. In conclusion, all hypotheses concerning the function of singing are supported by at least some of the data, and none can be excluded. Am. J. Primatol. 71:539–547, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.