昼夜温度波动对麦长管蚜生理生态表型影响及其相关性研究

昼夜温度波动变化是气候变暖的主要特征之一,昼夜变温幅度对生物的影响越来越受到科学家的关注。与恒温研究相比,变温幅度对昆虫生活史特征影响的研究还十分有限。因此,本研究模拟自然界24 h温度变化,并首次全面研究了相同平均温度(22℃)下不同变温幅度(±0℃、±6℃、±12℃)对麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae生理指标(温度耐受性、呼吸)与生态指标(发育、存活、寿命、繁殖、种群参数)的影响。结果表明,与变温幅度±0℃和±12℃相比,变温幅度±6℃显著提高了麦长管蚜整体存活、寿命、繁殖以及净增值率与世代周期。与其它处理相比,较大变温幅度±12℃显著阻碍了麦长管蚜若虫发育,抑制了整体存活,缩短了寿命,降低了繁殖量,且显著降低了种群内禀增长率、净增值率与世代周期。但是,较大变温幅度±12℃,显著提高了成蚜的耐热、耐寒性与CO₂呼吸速率。研究还发现,在不同变温幅度中,麦长管蚜成蚜耐寒性的提高是以寿命为代价的。由此可见,以往以恒温为基础的昆虫种群表型及数量动态预测模型均存在局限,昼夜变温幅度作为必要因素,应考虑纳入种群表型及数量动态预测模型中,从而提高昆虫田间发生情况预测预...     

The development of biphasic chiral recognition in chiral separation

In chiral separation, enantioseparation factor is an important parameter which influences the resolution of enantiomers. In this current overview, a biphasic chiral recognition method is introduced to the readers. This method can significantly improve the enantioseparation factor in two‐phase solvent through adding lipophilic and hydrophilic chiral selectors which have opposite chiral recognition ability to organic and aqueous phases, respectively. This overview presents the development and applications of biphasic chiral recognition in liquid‐liquid extraction and counter current chromatography. It mainly focuses on the topics of mechanism, advantages and limitations, applications, and key factors of biphasic chiral recognition. In addition, the future outlook on development of biphasic chiral recognition also has been discussed in this overview.     

三江平原沼泽湿地垦殖及自然恢复对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响

为量化垦殖对我国东北沼泽湿地的影响程度,于2015年6月基于Illumina Miseq PE300第二代高通量测序平台,对黑龙江省洪河国家级自然保护区的原始沼泽、耕地、退耕湿地的土壤细菌16S r RNA基因高变区域进行测序,并分析沼泽湿地土壤细菌群落多样性和结构组成与垦殖的关系。结果表明:共获得358737条修剪序列且被划分为36个已知的菌门,在11个主要的土壤细菌门类中(相对丰度1%),芽单胞菌门(P0.01)、拟杆菌门(P0.01)、厚壁菌门(P0.01)和绿菌门(P0.01)在不同生境类型样地差异显著,土壤细菌群落alpha多样性由高到低排序依次是:耕地、退耕湿地、原始沼泽。结合相关性分析和冗余分析可以证明,长期的耕作,特别是旱田耕作对沼泽湿地土壤细菌群落组成产生显著的影响,土壤p H、含水量、全碳、有机碳、可溶有机碳、碱解氮、微生物量碳、微生物量氮对土壤细菌的多样性和群落组成产生影响。总之,研究结果发现自然恢复可以显著促进土壤细菌群落多样性的恢复,但是沼泽湿地土壤细菌群落结构一旦被垦殖干扰改变将很难恢复到原始状态,强调了有效地利用土壤细菌群落对维护土壤生态系统平衡具有重要的意义。     

Development, characterization, and cross-species/genera transferability of SSR markers for rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

Genomic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are particularly valuable in studies of genetic diversity, evolution, genetic linkage map construction, quantitative trait loci tagging, and marker-assisted selection because of their multi-allelic nature, reproducibility, co-dominant inheritance, high abundance, and extensive genome coverage. The traditional methods of SSR marker development, such as genomic-SSR hybrid screening and microsatellite enrichment, have the disadvantages of high cost and complex operation. The selectively amplified microsatellite method is less costly and highly efficient as well as being simple and convenient. In this study, 252 sequences with SSRs were cloned from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) genome from which 258 SSR loci were obtained. The average repeat number was six. There were only 10 (3.9%) mononucleotide, trinucleotide, and pentanucleotide repeats, whereas the remaining 248 (96.1%) were dinucleotide repeats, including 128 (49.6%) GT/CA repeats, 118 (45.7%) GA/CT repeats, and 2 (0.8%) AT/TA repeats. A total of 126 primer pairs (see ESM) were successfully designed of which 36 primer pairs generated polymorphic products from 12 accessions of the cultivated species, 4 related species, and 3 species of the family Euphorbiaceae. In addition, investigations based on four genomic SSRs (GAR4, ACR22, CTR25, and GTR28) by cloning and sequencing provided evidence for cross-species/genera applicability, and homologous sequences were obtained from the rubber tree and Euphorbiaceae. Further analysis about the variation of the flanking regions of the four markers was carried out.     

Crystal structure of tabtoxin resistance protein complexed with acetyl coenzyme A reveals the mechanism for beta-lactam acetylation

Tabtoxin resistance protein (TTR) is an enzyme that renders tabtoxin-producing pathogens, such as Pseudomonas syringae, tolerant to their own phytotoxins. Here, we report the crystal structure of TTR complexed with its natural cofactor, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), to 1.55A resolution. The binary complex forms a characteristic "V" shape for substrate binding and contains the four motifs conserved in the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily, which also includes the histone acetyltransferases (HATs). A single-step mechanism is proposed to explain the function of three conserved residues, Glu92, Asp130 and Tyr141, in catalyzing the acetyl group transfer to its substrate. We also report that TTR possesses HAT activity and suggest an evolutionary relationship between TTR and other GNAT members.     

Mutation c.359_363delGTATTinsATAC in the COL4A5 Causes alport syndrome in a Chinese family

The X-linked form of Alport syndrome is associated with mutations in the COL4A5 gene, which is located at Xq22.3 and encodes the α5 chain of type IV collagen. Here we clinically characterized a Chinese family with Alport Syndrome, but no ocular or hearing abnormalities have been observed in any patient in the family. Through Linkage analysis and direct DNA sequencing, a novel complex deletion/insertion mutation c.359_363delGTATTinsATAC in the COL4A5 gene was identified in the family. The mutation was found in all affected family members, but was not present in the unaffected family individuals or the 200 controls. The predicted mutant protein in the family is a truncated protein consisting of only 153 residues. Our report for the first time revealed that the frameshift mutation in the type IV collagen chain α5 causes only renal disease, without extrarenal lesion. Our study broadens genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of COL4A5 mutations associated with Alport syndrome.     

国家重点保护野生植物的保护现状及潜在分布区预测分析

野生植物是自然生态系统的重要组成部分,中国是野生植物种类最丰富的国家之一。研究国家重点保护野生植物的分布特征、保护现状以及潜在分布区,对于制定与支持生物多样性保护策略具有重要意义。该研究基于1 032种(隶属于129科315属)国家重点保护野生植物,利用前5%丰富度算法识别其热点地区,并与自然保护区叠加评估其保护成效、确定保护空缺,进而运用MaxEnt模型预测了国家重点保护野生植物的潜在分布区分布与变化趋势。结果表明:(1)中国南部和西南部是国家重点保护野生植物物种丰富度最高的地区,尤其是四川中部、云南南部和东南部、广西北部、广东北部与海南。(2)热点网格的保护成效分析表明,171个(85.50%)热点网格得到了有效保护(含80.50%的物种),29个(14.50%)热点网格未得到自然保护区的保护(含51.20%物种)。(3)通过比较当前与未来气候变化下国家重点保护野生植物的潜在分布区分布,发现未来潜在分布区将向西藏东南部、广西西南部、广东南部以及福建南部等地扩张,而向环四川盆地、云南南部和贵州南部等地缩减。因此,需要加强这些区域生物多样性的动态监测,持续关注气候变化对该区域国家重点保护野生植物的影响。基于该研究所确定的热点网格、保护成效以及潜在分布区的分析结果,可为国家重点保护野生植物多样性优先保护区的确定和保护政策的制定提供有力的数据支持与参考。